Environmental Biotechnology Wastewater Treatment

Biotechnology = Use of biological processes for industrial purposes Wastewater Treatment = Process to remove contaminants from water Course Director = Person responsible for overseeing a course Environmental Biotechnology = Application of biotechnology to solve environmental problems

Primary Treatment = Physical removal of solids Secondary Treatment = Biological removal of dissolved organic matter Tertiary Treatment = Advanced purification processes Disinfection = Elimination of pathogenic organisms

Bioremediation = Using organisms to clean up contaminated sites Bioconversion = Transforming waste into useful products Phytoremediation = Using plants to absorb contaminants Bioaugmentation = Adding microorganisms to enhance treatment processes

<p>Municipal Waste = Composting and landfilling Industrial Waste = Chemical treatment and neutralization Sewage = Biological treatment Hazardous Waste = Incineration and special disposal methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water Pollution = Runoff from agricultural fields Air Pollution = Emissions from vehicles and industries Soil Degradation = Use of chemical fertilizers Biodiversity Loss = Habitat destruction due to urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Settleable solids = Measured as the visible volume accumulated at the bottom after water has settled Turbidity = Clarity of water usually measured Clarity = The quality of being clear or transparent Accumulation = The process of gathering or collecting over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring settleable solids = Indicates the volume of solids present in water Testing turbidity = Assesses the clarity and quality of water Analyzing clarity = Helps determine the transparency of water Monitoring accumulation = Tracks the buildup of materials at the bottom of a container</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Settleable solids = Water quality assessment Turbidity = Optical property influencing clarity Clarity = Visual perception of water Volume = Measurement of space occupied by solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total Suspended Solids (TSS) = Mass of dried solids remaining on the filter Nonfiltrable Residue = Materials that cannot pass through a filter Filter Aid = Substance used to enhance filtration efficiency Silt Density Index = Measure of fine particle concentration in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High turbidity = May indicate pollution or sediment erosion Low settleable solids = Suggests cleaner water Clear water = Indicates lower turbidity levels High accumulation = Could imply poor water management</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filter Paper = Medium used to separate solids from liquids Dried Solids = Substance collected on a filter after drying Filtrate = Liquid that has passed through the filter Residue = Solid material left on the filter after filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total Suspended Solids = Indicates overall water quality Nonfiltrable Residue = Assesses treatment efficacy of filtration Sedimentation = Process to remove larger particles before filtration Coagulation = Chemical process to aid in particle removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Settleable solids measurement = Done after water has been allowed to settle Turbidity test = Often conducted using a turbidity meter Clarity evaluation = Based on the light transmission through water Volume assessment = Quantifies the amount of material in a given space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TSS Measurement = Classifies pollution levels in water Filtration Process = Essential for water treatment systems Pollutant Removal = Reduces harmful substances in water sources Water Quality Assessment = Evaluates ecosystem health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total Suspended Solids = Quantitative measure of particulate in liquids Nonfiltrable Residue = Indicates solids that remain after filtration Filtration Efficiency = Effectiveness of a filter in removing particulates Solids Separation = The process of isolating particles from liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen sulphide = A gas produced in anaerobic conditions and smells like rotten eggs Ammonia = A colorless gas with a pungent smell, often associated with cleaning products Mercaptans = Organic compounds known for their unpleasant odor, often added to odorless gases for detection Methane = A colorless, odorless gas that is a major component of natural gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas monitor = Device used to detect the concentration of gases in the air Anemometer = Instrument used to measure wind speed Spectrophotometer = Used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths pH meter = Device that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen sulphide = Produced in poorly ventilated, decaying organic matter Ammonia = Commonly found in agricultural runoff and fertilizers Mercaptans = Released during the natural gas production process Chlorine = Often used in water treatment facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen sulphide = Can cause irritation of the eyes and respiratory system Ammonia = May lead to respiratory issues and throat irritation Mercaptans = Generally low toxicity but can be a nuisance due to odor Carbon dioxide = High concentrations can result in dizziness or suffocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen sulphide = Detectors that utilize electrochemical sensors Ammonia = Can be detected using colorimetric methods Mercaptans = Odor detection often used due to very low odor threshold Carbon monoxide = Monitors using semiconductor technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical Oxygen Demand = The amount of oxygen needed to oxidize organic substances in water Organic matter = Substances containing carbon that can be decomposed by microorganisms Oxidizing agent = A substance that can accept electrons and cause oxidation Water sample = A portion of water taken for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wastewater treatment = Process to reduce organic pollutants in water Environmental monitoring = Assessment of water quality and pollution levels Laboratory analysis = Chemical testing to determine COD values Water pollution control = Strategies to manage and reduce contaminants in water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical oxidizing agent = Facilitates the reaction to measure oxygen demand Oxidation = The process of losing electrons in a reaction Sample digestion = Preparation of the water sample for accurate COD measurement Result interpretation = Understanding the implications of COD values for water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closed reflux method = Used for wastewater samples with high organic content Open reflux method = Commonly used in laboratory settings for diverse samples Colorimetric method = Quick analysis for on-site water quality testing Titration method = Precise measurement for determining chemical oxygen demand in controlled conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eutrophication = Excess nutrients leading to algal blooms Oxygen depletion = Harmful conditions for aquatic life due to low dissolved oxygen Toxicity = Presence of harmful substances affecting organisms Water quality degradation = Overall decline in the health of water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COD = Total oxygen demand from all substances present in water BOD = Oxygen demand from biodegradable substances only Biodegradable = Substances that can be broken down by microorganisms Non-biodegradable = Substances that cannot be decomposed by natural processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COD = Indicates potential pollution level BOD = Focuses on the organic matter decomposition High COD Level = Greater oxygen demand indicating pollution Low BOD Level = Suggests low pollution from organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COD values = Include both biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances BOD values = Only account for biodegradable substances COD &gt; BOD = Reflects the presence of non-biodegradable materials BOD assessment = Is used to determine the treatment efficiency for organic pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic Pollutants = Food waste Inorganic Pollutants = Heavy metals Biodegradable Pollutants = Paper products Non-biodegradable Pollutants = Plastic materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High COD = Potentially harmful to aquatic life Low BOD = Indicates cleaner water quality Increasing BOD = Suggests increasing organic pollution Constant COD = Indicates stable water pollution levels</p> Signup and view all the answers