science9_q1_mod6_Photosynthesis-and-Cellular-Respiration_v3.pdf

NOT 9 Science Quarter 1,Wk 6-7 - Module 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Science- Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1, Wk...

NOT 9 Science Quarter 1,Wk 6-7 - Module 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Science- Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1, Wk 6-7 - Module 6: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Division of Iligan City Schools Division Superintendent: Roy Angelo L. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V Development Team of the Module Writers: Charlyn E. Lobido and Cheenie Mae A. Dacula Content & Language Evaluators: Diwani D. Oracion and Sheryl Jane P. Silang Illustrator and Layout Artist: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula and Charlyn E. Lobido Management Team Chairperson: Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD., CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Co-Chairpersons: Nimfa R. Lago, PhD., CESE Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CMLD Members: Henry B. Abueva, OIC-CID Chief Ann Q. Solijon, EPS-Science Sherlita L. Daguisonan, LRMS Manager Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II Charlotte D. Quidlat, Librarian II Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Division of Iligan City Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City Telefax: (063)221-6069 E-mail Address: [email protected]  9 Science Quarter 1, Wk.6-7 - Module 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by select teachers, school heads, Education Program Supervisor in Science of the Department of Education – Division of Iligan City. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education – Iligan City Division, iligan.city@ deped.gov.ph or Telefax (063 221-6069). We value your feedback and recommendations Department of Education Republic of the Philippines This page is intentionally blank  Table of Contents What This Module is About……………………………….............................................................i What I Need to Know…………………………………………………………………………………………..ii How to Learn from this Module……………………………………………………………………………..iii Icons of this Module…………………………………………………………………………………………...iii What I Know…………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv Lesson 1: How do plants manufacture food?...................................................................1 What I Need to Know………………………………………………………………...1 What’s In……………………………………………………………………………...2 What’s New…………………………………………………………………………..2 What Is It……………………………………………………………………………...4 What’s More………………………………………………………………………….8 What I Have Learned……………………………………………..…………………9 What I Can Do………………………………………………………………………10 Lesson 2: How is stored energy in food converted into chemical energy?...................11 What I Need to Know……………………………………………………………….11 What’s In…………………………………………………………………………….12 What’s New…………………………………………………………………………12 What Is It…………………………………………………………………………….13 What’s More………………………………………………………………………...15 What I Have Learned………………………………………………………………16 What I Can Do………………………………………………………………………17 Lesson 3: Differentiating photosynthesis and respiration……………………………………18 What I Need to Know………………………………………………………………18 What’s In…………………………………………………………………………….19 What’s New…………………………………………………………………………19 What Is It…………………………………………………………………………….19 What’s More………………………………………………………………………...20 What I Have Learned………………………………………………………………20 What I Can Do………………………………………………………………………21 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………….21 Assessment: (Post-Test)…………………………………………………………………..…..…22 Additional Activities……………………………………………………………………………….24 Key to Answers…………………………………………………………………………………….25 References……………………………………………………………………………………….....29 This page is intentionally blank What This Module is About Introductory Message Welcome to the Science 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration. To the teachers: This module was developed to assist the learners in order to meet the standard that was set by the K to 12 Curriculum based on the most essential learning competencies. This will help you in teaching the learners in an easier yet effective learning instruction. As a facilitator, you are expected to give further instructions to the learners on how to do the task/activities in this module for them to easily understand the topic. To the parents: As parents, your support and guidance are needed by the learners to successfully accomplished this module. We encourage you to monitor your children’s progress as he/she answers the activities in every day lesson. To the learners: The learning resource is hoping to keep you engage in a guided and independent learning activities. The activities are designed at your own pacing. Everything is found in the module since this is designed based on accessibility and availability ensuring that you can accomplish the three lessons. This module will help you to continue learning even without the face to face learning. i What I Need to Know This module is divided into three lessons wherein there will be a separate lesson for photosynthesis, cellular respiration and differentiating the two process. At the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. differentiate the basic features of photosynthesis and respiration ii How to Learn from this Module To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following: Take your time reading the lessons carefully. Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently. Answer all the given tests and exercises. Icons of this Module What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that Know are set for you to learn as you go along the module. What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior related knowledge What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of the current one. What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through various activities, before it will be presented to you What is It These are discussions of the activities as a way to deepen your discovery and under- standing of the concept. What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in- tended for you to practice further in order to master the competencies. What I Have Activities designed to process what you Learned have learned from the lesson What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situations. iii  What I Know Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. What do you call the process wherein plants make their own food? A. cellular respiration C. protein synthesis B. photosynthesis D. carbon fixation 2. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of photosynthesis? A. oxygen C. light energy B. water D. carbon dioxide 3. Mesophyll layer of the leaf plays an important role in trapping light energy from the sun upon which photosynthesis mostly take place in this layer. Why is this so? A. because it contains air spaces B. because it is transparent allowing light to penetrate C. because it has the greatest number of chloroplasts D. because it provides an entrance and exit for gases 4. What are the products of light-dependent reaction used to power the light- independent reaction? A. Sugar and ATP C. NADPH and ATP B. Oxygen and NADPH D. NADPH and carbon dioxide 5. Cellular respiration starts with glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm, producing 2 pyruvic acid. Which of the following processes will allow cellular respiration to continue in case oxygen is absent? A. Krebs Cycle C. aerobic respiration B. Electron Transport Chain D. anaerobic respiration 6. All organisms get energy from food to perform different life processes. It is done by converting stored energy from food into chemical energy for cell use. Which of the following is associated with the production of chemical energy? A. vacuole C. mitochondrion B. chloroplast D. nucleus 7. How many ATP molecules are needed to split glucose into two? A. 2 ATP C. 6 ATP B. 4 ATP D. 8 ATP 8. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3- carbon molecule. This is accompanied by a net gain of how many ATP and NADH molecules? A. 4 ATP and 2 NADH C. 4 ATP and 4 NADH B. 2 ATP and 4 NADH D. 2 ATP and 2 NADH 9. Why does Calvin cycle needs the products of light phase? A. Because it is needed to convert oxygen into sugar. B. Because it is needed to convert sugar into oxygen. C. Because it is needed to convert carbon dioxide into sugar. D. Because it is needed to convert sugar into carbon dioxide. 10. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other? A. The products of one process are the reactants of the other. B. The products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. C. The reactants of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. D. The reactant and the product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. iv 11. What is the final output of photosynthesis? A. water C. glucose B. oxygen D. sunlight 12. Why is that aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration? A. aerobic respiration produces less ATP. B. aerobic respiration needs less oxygen. C. aerobic respiration needs more oxygen. D. aerobic respiration produces more ATP. 13. Where do respiration and cellular respiration take place? A. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in plants B. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in animals C. Respiration occurs in chloroplast and photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria D. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast 14. Which of the following is true about photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. Photosynthesis is just a reverse equation of cellular respiration. B. Autotrophs and heterotrophs do not need each other to be able to survive. C. Photosynthesis needs glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. D. Cellular respiration needs carbon dioxide, water and energy to produce glucose and oxygen. 15. Which of these molecules completes the process of cellular respiration? glucose + oxygen ----> water + _________ + _______ A. ATP , carbon dioxide C. NADH, oxygen B. ADP, oxygen D. oxygen, ADP v This page is intentionally blank  How do plants manufacture Lesson food? 1 You already know in your previous years that autotrophs such as plants can their own food through a process called photosynthesis. This is a biological process involving conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose which is then used as food by the plants. In addition, this requires certain materials for successful production of glucose. In this lesson, you will learn how photosynthesis takes place and what are the needed materials for it to take place. What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. identify the plant structures involved in photosynthesis; 2. identify the raw materials needed in the food making process; 3. identify the products of photosynthesis; and 4. describe the process and importance of photosynthesis. 1  What’s In In the previous lesson you learn that species extinction relates to the failure of populations of an organism to adapt in the changing environment. Our environment is changing due to disturbances caused by human activities. Some organism is able to adapt to these changes but some were not and it may lead to an ecological imbalance. It is essential for us to learn what are the basic needs of this organisms to be able to survive. Let’s start with what we call the producer, the plants. What’s New Photosynthesis usually takes place in the leaves, but before we look into the internal structure of the leaves, let’s learn first the things that are needed for the plants to start the process. Activity 1. Getting to Know Photosynthesis Let’s find out: What do plants need during photosynthesis? How do plants gather raw materials? Let’s do it this way: Have you tried cooking? Before cooking, you need some ingredients or raw materials first, right? Plants need that too. Have you noticed a seed sprouting then turn into a young plant? Can you list below the things that plants need to be able to grow? 1. 2. 3. If you successfully list those things, label the parts of the plant below that will help in acquiring them. Draw an arrow to trace where the raw materials are finally delivered. Use the box below as guide. Sunlight (light energy) Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water Sugar is formed 2  Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido For the next activity let’s now look into the main part of the plant where photosynthesis takes place. And which part is that? Yes, you’re right, the leaves! Activity 2. Internal parts of a leaf and chloroplast Let’s find out: How do the internal of leaf and chloroplast looks like? Let’s do it this way: Label the parts of (a.) the internal structure of a leaf and (b) chloroplast using the given word bank. a. The internal structure of a leaf spongy upper epidermis palisade lower epidermis stomata chloroplast cuticle mesophyll Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido 3  b. Chloroplast thylakoid outer membrane stroma granum inner membrane Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula What Is It Are you having fun with the activity? Let's look closely. For the first task, I let you list the things that plants need in order to grow. What are those? Of course! Plants need water, carbon dioxide (remember the exchange of gases between plants and animals) and the energy from the sun. Study the figure below. Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido Figure 1. Photosynthesis in Plants. 4  The different parts of the plants and its functions are: 1. The roots, wherein water is absorbed and delivered to the leaves. 2. Next to it is the stem, this part is the one that will transport the nutrients and water to the leaves. 3. Not only water is delivered to the leaves but also the carbon dioxide that enters through the stomata. Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula Figure 2. Stomata in leaves To be able to use these raw materials, we need energy. Where can we get this energy? You’re right! Our main source of energy is the sun! With these raw materials, plant then undergoes photosynthesis. What is photosynthesis? Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido Figure 3. Photosynthesis in Plants. Photosynthesis is a food making process done by plants and autotrophic organisms such as algae, phytoplankton and some bacteria. As shown in the figure above, the process requires light energy, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20) to make food (sugar). 5  The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: light energy 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen Where does photosynthesis take place? Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido Figure 4. Internal Structure of a Leaf. Primarily, photosynthesis takes place in the leaves due to the presence of chloroplast which contains chlorophyll. The typical parts of the leaves are the upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll spongy layer, vascular bundles and the stomata. Parts Functions Upper and Lower Epidermis protects the leaves Mesophyll traps light energy from sun Vascular bundles transports manufactured food and water Stomata gas exchange What are chloroplasts? These are cell organelles which are only found in autotrophic eukaryotes, such as plants. Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula Figure 5. Internal structure of chloroplast Chloroplast is a cell organelle having a double membrane composed of inner and outer membrane. It is where stacks of thylakoids (a disc-shaped structures) called grana are found which is surrounded by the liquid-filled space called stroma, which also plays a role in the process of photosynthesis. 6 Stages of Photosynthesis Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula Figure 6. Two phases of photosynthesis As the name implies, light-dependent reactions require the light coming from the sun, which is then absorbed by the chlorophyll occurring in the thylakoid membrane converting light energy into chemical energy. Also, water is used in this stage to facilitate the formation of free electrons and oxygen. The energy gathered during the stage is stored in the form ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen) which will be needed in the next stage. Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) occurs right away after the light-dependent phase. It needs the products of the light phase to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into sugar. This stage takes place in the stroma. 7  What’s More Complete the diagram below using the keywords provided inside the box. Key Words Stroma ATP Light-independent reaction/ Calvin Cycle carbon dioxide Photosynthesis NADPH Granum light energy Water glucose 8  What I Have Learned Answer the following questions by completing the sentence using the phrases inside the box. absorb energy from light facilitate gas exchange water, carbon dioxide and energy 6H2O (water) C6H12O6 (glucose) it is the number one source of food O6 (oxygen) 1. What do plants need for photosynthesis? Plants need____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. What is the function of the stomata? The function of the stomata is to ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. What is the function of the chlorophyll? The function of the chlorophyll is to __________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 4. Give the importance of photosynthesis to plants and other organisms. Photosynthesis is very important because ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 5. Write the summary equation of photosynthesis. 9  What I Can Do Activity 3. Experiencing Photosynthesis Let’s find out: What are the basic requirements for the plants to grow? Can plants manufacture their own food? Let’s use these materials: mongo seeds, 2 plastic cups (labeled A and B ), soil Note: It is better to soak the seeds overnight. Let’s do it this way: 1. Fill up the cups about ¾ full of soil. 2. Plant two seeds in each cup. 3. Place the cups to different conditions. Cup A will be exposed to sunlight while cup B is to dark area. 4. Add a little water for mixture for each cup. 5. Observe it for a week. Write your observations in the table below. Set Up Condition Observation Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 exposed Cup A to sunlight Cup B dark area Questions: 1. What are the things you provide to successfully grow the seeds? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Is there any growth difference between the seeds in light and dark areas? If yes, what is it? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. How important is light in the growth of seeds? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 10  How is stored energy in food converted into chemical Lesson energy? 2 Animals and other organisms are heterotrophs. They cannot produce their food; hence, they feed on plants as their main source of energy. In your Grade 8, you have learned the parts and function of the digestive system. The food enters the mouth and reaches the intestines where digested food is absorbed and assimilated. When the food is digested, it breaks down into glucose—a type of sugar. But, how is glucose be converted into energy? Is there a process involved in it?? In this lesson, you will learn how food, specifically sugar, is converted into energy. What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. describe the structure and function of mitochondria as the main organelle involved in respiration 2. identify the materials needed in cellular respiration. 3. identify the products of cellular respiration 4. describe the process and importance of respiration 11  What’s In Plants and animals both needs energy. However, they acquire energy in different ways given that plants were autotrophs and animals were heterotrophs. This implies there are certain things that these two differ. You already learned how plants make their own food. How they transform water and carbon dioxide into glucose with the help of the energy from the sun. Do animals have chloroplast? Can they photosynthesize? Of course, not! If so, how will they be able to get energy? Yes, that is through cellular respiration What’s New Activity 3. Getting to Know Cellular Respiration Let’s find out: How do cells respire during a short exercise? Let’s do it this way: Let’s try a short workout for you to start with. For 10 minutes follow the following instructions. Note: Try to take 30 seconds rest between each exercise. 1. Squats Stand with your feet and arms stretched forward then lower your body. Do it 20 times. Photo credit: Charlyn E. Lobido Figure 7. Curl ups 2. Jumping Jacks Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart. Raise your arm and clap over your head while jumping. Do it 16 times. Photo credit: Charlyn E. Lobido Figure 8. Jumping Jacks If you’re done, answer the question briefly. What do you feel after doing the short exercise? 12  What Is It All organisms need energy to be able to move, grow and even repair. Since animals are heterotrophic, they feed on plants and even other organisms; they cannot make their food. The energy source of all organisms is called adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. The food that you eat will not be directly converted into ATP; instead, it will undergo a process called cellular respiration. Glucose, the simple organic molecule found in carbohydrates, is the main source of energy for most organisms. It is the main product of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts while cellular respiration happens in mitochondria. Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido Figure 9. Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration is classified into two types —aerobic respiration which occurs in the presence of oxygen and anaerobic respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen. A. Aerobic Respiration After you have done the short exercise, your body releases sweat (water), and you breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. The summary equation for aerobic respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose Oxygen Carbon water energy dioxide Cellular respiration undergoes four main stages namely, glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain (ETC). 13  Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula Figure 10. Stages of cellular respiration 1. The first stage is Glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm. In this stage, the glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate, which is transferred into the mitochondria to form acetyl coenzyme A, gaining 2 ATP. 2. Next, the Krebs Cycle which converts acetyl coenzyme A into carbon dioxide, releasing chemical energy and captured in the form of NADH, FADH2 and ATP. 3. Lastly, FADH and NADH pass their electron in the electron transport chain. As a result, releasing large amount of chemical energy. How much ATP are produced in all three stages? If we try to sum it up, glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules and the Krebs Cycle produces 2 more. Electron transport chain produces as much as 34 ATP molecules. Overall, there are 38 ATP molecules produced. B. Anaerobic Respiration Same with aerobic respiration it also begins with glycolysis where a molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Then pyruvic acid is further divided into acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide and acetaldehyde acts as an acceptor of hydrogen to produce ethyl alcohol. Anaerobic respiration only produces 2 net ATP molecules Glucose C6H12O6 GLYCOLYSIS Pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid Acetaldehyde Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Acetaldehyde +H +H 2 2 Ethanol Ethanol Figure 11. Concept map on anaerobic respiration 14  What’s More Complete the concept map on ATP production. Choose your answer from the box. Key Words Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Pyruvate Glycolysis Glucose ADP ATP Acetyl CoA ADP ATP CO2 High energy electrons and H+ ADP ATP O2 H2O 15  What I Have Learned Choose the best word from the word bank to complete each sentence. Word Bank 1. We breathe in ________ and breath out ___________. 2. Organisms need to eat because food is the source of ________. 3. Cellular respiration may be classified into two types, aerobic if it is ____________ and anaerobic if it is ______________. 4. An anaerobic respiration also begins with ____________ where a molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of _____________. 4. In anaerobic respiration, acetaldehyde acts as the acceptor of hydrogen to produce a molecule of ____________. 5. The broken down of molecules consist of three steps, namely glycolysis, ____________ and Krebs cycle. 7. Glycolysis occurs in ____________. 8. Pyruvate oxidation and Krebs cycle occurs in _____________. 9. Cellular respiration cannot take place in the absence of ____________. 10. Pyruvic acid oxidation converts pyruvic acid into ____________ with the production of carbon dioxide. 16  What I Can Do Complete the Venn diagram below to show the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 17  Differentiating Photosynthesis Lesson and Cellular Respiration 3 In the preceding lessons, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have been introduced and discussed. As we went through the lessons, we came to find similarities and differences between the two processes. In this lesson, you will be able to determine and discuss the differences between the two processes. What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. differentiate photosynthesis and cellular respiration 18  What’s In You already know how plants manufacture food and how heterotrophs, mostly animals, convert the food into energy. Plants use the sun's energy, water, and carbon dioxide. It then undergoes a process to be able to make food. This food will then be used by other organisms to be able to survive. What’s New Complete the following equations. a. photosynthesis b. cellular respiration c. Write what you have noticed with the two equations ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ What is It Let’s look into the given activity wherein we will observe the following equations. Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose Oxygen Carbon water energy dioxide 19  Given the equation above, you can notice that photosynthesis is just a reverse equation of cellular respiration. Photosynthesis needs carbon dioxide, water, and energy which results in the production of glucose and oxygen. On the other hand, cellular respiration needs glucose and oxygen which results in the production of carbon dioxide, water, and energy. In other words, the products of one process are the reactants of the other. With these we can conclude that autotrophs and heterotrophs need each other to be able to survive. What’s More Complete the diagram below using the following keywords: mitochondrion, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose and chloroplast. Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula What I Have Learned Answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Where do respiration and cellular respiration take place? A. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in plants B. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in animals C. Respiration occurs in chloroplast and photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria D. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast 2. In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? A. Respiration stores energy while photosynthesis releases energy B. Cellular respiration stores ATP while photosynthesis releases ATP C. Cellular respiration produces oxygen while photosynthesis uses oxygen D. Cellular respiration uses oxygen while photosynthesis produces oxygen 3. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other? A. The products of one process are the reactants of the other. B. The products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. C. The reactants of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. D. The reactant and the product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. 20  4. Which of these molecules completes the process of cellular respiration? glucose + oxygen ----> water + _________ + _______ A. ATP, carbon dioxide C. NADH, oxygen B. ADP, oxygen D. oxygen, ADP light energy 5. 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen What process is being represented by the given chemical equation? a. Cellular respiration c. aerobic respiration b. Photosynthesis d. anaerobic respiration What I Can Do Complete the table below. Basis of Comparison Photosynthesis Respiration Cell structure Required energy Raw materials End products Summary 1. Autotrophs referred to organisms that can make their own food while heterotrophs feed on other organisms to survive. 2. Photosynthesis is divided into two phases, the light-dependent phase and light- independent phase also known as Calvin Cycle. Light-dependent occurs in the granum and requires the presence of sunlight while light-independent occurs in the stroma. 3. Plants use the energy from the sun to produce food with the use of water and carbon dioxide. 4. Cellular respiration can be classified into two types, aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration is oxygen-dependent while anaerobic respiration is oxygen-independent. 5. Aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of glucose into 6 molecules of carbon dioxide while anaerobic or fermentation involves the breakdown of food into ethanol. 6. Photosynthesis is just a reverse reaction of cellular respiration. 21  Assessment: (Post-Test) Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. What do you call the process wherein plants make their own food? A. cellular respiration C. protein synthesis B. photosynthesis D. carbon fixation 2. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of photosynthesis? A. oxygen C. light energy B. water D. carbon dioxide 3. Mesophyll layer of the leaf plays an important role in trapping light energy from the sun upon which photosynthesis mostly take place in this layer. Why is this so? A. because it contains air spaces B. because it is transparent allowing light to penetrate C. because it has the greatest number of chloroplasts D. because it provides an entrance and exit for gases 4. What are the products of light-dependent reaction used to power the light- independent reaction? A. Sugar and ATP C. NADPH and ATP B. Oxygen and NADPH D. NADPH and carbon dioxide 5. Cellular respiration starts with glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm, producing 2 pyruvic acid. Which of the following processes will allow cellular respiration to continue in case oxygen is absent? A. Krebs Cycle C. aerobic respiration B. Electron Transport Chain D. anaerobic respiration 6. All organisms get energy from food to perform different life processes. It is done by converting stored energy from food into chemical energy for cell use. Which of the following is associated with the production of chemical energy? A. vacuole C. mitochondrion B. chloroplast D. nucleus 7. How many ATP molecules are needed to split glucose into two? A. 2 ATP C. 6 ATP B. 4 ATP D. 8 ATP 8. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3-carbon molecule. This is accompanied by a net gain of how many ATP and NADH molecules? A. 4 ATP and 2 NADH C. 4 ATP and 4 NADH B. 2 ATP and 4 NADH D. 2 ATP and 2 NADH 9. Why does Calvin cycle needs the products of light phase? A. Because it is needed to convert oxygen into sugar. B. Because it is needed to convert sugar into oxygen. C. Because it is needed to convert carbon dioxide into sugar. D. Because it is needed to convert sugar into carbon dioxide. 10. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other? A. The products of one process are the reactants of the other. B. The products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. C. The reactants of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. D. The reactant and the product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same. 22 11. What is the final output of photosynthesis? A. water C. glucose B. oxygen D. sunlight 12. Why is that aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration? A. aerobic respiration produces less ATP. B. aerobic respiration needs less oxygen. C. aerobic respiration needs more oxygen. D. aerobic respiration produces more ATP. 13. Where do respiration and cellular respiration take place? A. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in plants B. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in animals C. Respiration occurs in chloroplast and photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria D. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast 14. Which of the following is true about photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. Photosynthesis is just a reverse equation of cellular respiration. B. Autotrophs and heterotrophs do not need each other to be able to survive. C. Photosynthesis needs glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. D. Cellular respiration needs carbon dioxide, water and energy to produce glucose and oxygen. 15. Which of these molecules completes the process of cellular respiration? glucose + oxygen ----> water + _________ + _______ A. ATP , carbon dioxide C. NADH, oxygen B. ADP, oxygen D. oxygen, ADP 23  Additional Activities Word Puzzle Find and encircle all the words that are hidden that are related to photosynthesis and cellular respiration. C A R B O N D I O X I D E F T G H S T O M A T A V B C P J B D F T K A S A V W M A F H W A Y X S S C M A I S L B U L O X A U H E O T R O V N M M H N N L G X O B F E I V U Q L L O J Y C K D B Z N O E I I R T G H C A E W Y C P I G O R E O S P A Q T J Y L H Q H N N G T C G N B S C T O W T D E H U S B C G L L A Q K R I T M O Y X V A E E S F I C H L O R O P L A S T L A G L G L U C O S E M B U Crossword Puzzle Complete the crossword puzzle below. Across 4. one of the outputs of photosynthesis 5. plant part that responsible for gas exchange 6. food making process done by plants and autotrophic organisms 7. light-dependent reaction takes place 8. also known as adenosine triphosphate 9. oxygen-dependent respiration Down 1. light-independent reaction takes place 2. site of photosynthesis in plants 3. one of the outputs of cellular respiration 5. main source of energy of organisms 24  Key to Answers What I Know (Pre-test) 1. B 6. C 11. C 2. A 7. A 12. C 3. C 8. D 13. C 4. C 9. C 14. A 5. D 10. A 15. A LESSON 1 What’s New Activity 1 Getting to Know Photosynthesis A. (in any order) 1. Water 2. carbon dioxide 3. sunlight (energy from the sun) B. Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido Activity 2 Internal Structure of a Leaf and Chloroplast A. B. Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido 25 What’s More What I Have Learned 1. Plants need water, carbon dioxide and energy. 2. The function of the stomata is to facilitate gas exchange. 3. The function of the chlorophyll is to absorb energy from the sun. 4. Photosynthesis is very important because it is the number one source of food. 5. 6CO2 + 6H2O light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen What I Can Do 1. The things provided for the successful growth of the seeds are water, sunlight and nutrients. 2. Yes, the growth is better in light area than dark area. 3. Sunlight is very important because it is the most needed requirement for the plant to manufacture its own food. LESSON 2 What’s More 26 What I Have Learned 1. oxygen, carbon dioxide 2. energy 3. oxygen-dependent, oxygen-independent 4. glycolysis, pyruvic acid 5. ethyl alcohol 6. pyruvate oxidation 7. cytoplasm 8. mitochondrion 9. oxygen 10. acetyl coenzyme A What I Can Do LESSON 3 What’s New a. light energy 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen b. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose Oxygen Carbon water energy dioxide c. The two equations are just a reverse reaction to each other. The input of the photosynthesis is the product of cellular respiration and the product of photosynthesis is the input of cellular respiration. What’s More Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula 27 What I have Learned 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5.B What I Can Do Basic Comparison Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Cell Structure Chloroplast mitochondria Required energy Energy from the sun ATP Raw materials Water, carbon dioxide and Oxygen and glucose energy from the sun End products Oxygen and glucose water, carbon dioxide and ATP Post Test 1. B 6. C 11. C 2. A 7. A 12. C 3. C 8. D 13. C 4. C 9. C 14. A 5. D 10. A 15. A Additional Activities Word Puzzle Crossword Puzzle Across Down 1. stroma 4. oxygen 2. chloroplast 5. stomata 3. carbon dioxide 6. photosynthesis 5. sun 7. Granum 8. ATP 9. aerobic 28 References Luiz Botter, Illustration of a chloroplast, July 08, 2015. Date accessed: 9;01 PM Monday May 18, 2020 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/scheme-illustration-of-a-chloroplast- gm538967637-57473140 Regina Bailey, Internal Structure of Leaves, November 04, 2019. Date accessed: 9:22 PM Monday May 18, 2020 https://www.thoughtco.com/plant-leaves-and-leaf-anatomy-373618 Campo, et al. Science Learners Module 8. Pasig City : FEP Printing Station, 2016. Date accessed: 10:00 PM Tuesday May 19, 2020 Asuncion, et al. Science Learner's Material 7. Pasig City : FEP Printing Station, 2017. Date accessed: 10:24 PM Tuesday May 19, 2020 29 For inquiries and feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro Telefax: ((08822)855-0048 E-mail Address: [email protected]