Science Review III Partial.pdf

A.M.D.G III PARTIAL  What is the solar system? : The solar system is made up of the Sun and the planets and other objects that orbit around it. There are four inner planets and four outer planets. The planets are: 1. Mercury 2. Venus, 3. Earth, 4. Mars, 5. Jupiter, 6....

A.M.D.G III PARTIAL  What is the solar system? : The solar system is made up of the Sun and the planets and other objects that orbit around it. There are four inner planets and four outer planets. The planets are: 1. Mercury 2. Venus, 3. Earth, 4. Mars, 5. Jupiter, 6. Saturn, 7. Uranus, and 8. Neptune. What else is in our solar system? :  : Vocabulary A planet is a large sphere, or ball, in space that orbits a star, such as our Sun. Some planets are smaller than Earth. Some are larger. Each planet in our solar system rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun. A star is a hot, glowing ball of gases. Asteroids are chunks of rock or metal. Comets are mostly ice mixed with bits of rocks and dust. Meteors are small pieces of rock or metal that have broken off from comets or asteroids.  Let’s practice The Sun and its Planets :  What is a telescope? : A telescope is a tool that gathers light to make faraway objects appear larger, closer, and clearer. Telescopes gather light with lenses. A lens is a clear material that changes the path of light rays. Lenses are often made from curved pieces of glass. Lenses help us see objects in more detail.  Types of Telescopes : The Hubble Space Telescope: travels around Earth. It takes pictures and sends them back to Earth. Radio telescopes: collect radio waves. We cannot see radio waves. Scientists use computers to turn radio waves into pictures.  How did we learn about space? : In 1543, a scientist named Copernicus said that the Sun,not Earth, was at the center of the solar system. In 1609, Galileo used his telescope to discover evidence that Earth orbits the Sun.  What is a star? : A star is a hot, glowing ball of gases. The Sun is a medium-sized star. It is much smaller and younger than many other stars in our galaxy.  Constellation : A constellation is a group of stars that form a picture. People named constellations after the pictures they saw. Different constellations can be seen during different seasons.  Galaxy : A galaxy is a very large group of stars. Our solar system is in a galaxy we call the Milky Way.  Let’s practice  Matter is classified into three states: MATTER LIQUID Matter is everything around us. It takes up SOLID space and has mass. Matter can change state by gaining or losing heat GAS energy  Solid A solid is matter that has a definite shape and volume. book cup eraser  Liquid A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape. A liquid takes the shape of its container.Water, oil, juice, and shampooare liquids. Milk is a liquid, too. olive oil shampoo orange juice  Gas A gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or volume. The gas takes the shape of its container. Because the gas does not have a definite volume, it spreads out and fills the balloon. nitrogen in a helium in steam from tank a balloon a kettle  Vocabulary : Matter is anything that takes up space. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up. MeltWhen a solid gains enough heat energy it will melt , or turn into a liquid. Evaporate:When a liquid gains heat energy, it will evaporate or turn into a gas. Freeze:When a liquid loses enough heat energy, it will freeze, or become a solid. Condense:When a gas loses enough heat energy, it will condense, or become a liquid.  What are elements? : Elements are the building blocks of matter. More than 100 different elements have been named. Everything is made up of one or more of these elements.  How do we arrange elements? : The periodic table is a chart that lists all the known elements. The letter or letters in each box are symbols for the elements. GLENN SEABORG GLENN SEABORG SUCCEEDED IN 1940 IN CREATING AN ELEMENT WITH AN ATOMIC NUMBER OF 94, WHICH WAS NAMED PLUTONIUM. THIS NEW SUBSTANCE BECAME SIGNIFICANT FOR BOTH NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND NUCLEAR ENERGY. SEABORG SUBSEQUENTLY IDENTIFIED ADDITIONAL HEAVY ELEMENTS AND THEIR ISOTOPES.  What are atoms? An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element. All atoms of a specific element are identical to each other. Atoms are everywhere, but you cannot see them. An atom is tinier than a speck of dust. It is too small to be seen with your eyes.  How do scientists study atoms? : Atoms cannot even be seen through most microscopes. Scientists study atoms with special instruments called electron microscopes. These high-powered tools help scientists learn about hese tiny bits of matt.