SCIENCE PASSING PACKAGE 101-205.pdf

SCIENCE PASSING PACKAGE 101.What is the function of prostrate gland? a)It provides nutrtion to sperms b)It helps in the movement of sperms 102.What is catenation? The self linking property of a carbon with carbon and other atoms in the form of chain. 103.What is pollina...

SCIENCE PASSING PACKAGE 101.What is the function of prostrate gland? a)It provides nutrtion to sperms b)It helps in the movement of sperms 102.What is catenation? The self linking property of a carbon with carbon and other atoms in the form of chain. 103.What is pollination?Name the types of pollination. The process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma. a)Self pollination b)Cross pollination 104.What is fertiliztion? The process of fusion of male and female gametes to form zygote. 105. Write mirror formula. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 = + 𝒇 𝒗 𝒖 106. Write the differences between acid and base. Acid Base 1.Sour in taste 1.Bitter in taste 2.Turns blue litmus to red litmus 2.Turns red litmus to blue + 3.It gives H ions 3.It gives OH-ions 4.pH ranges 0 - 6 4.pH ranges 8-14 107. Write the differences between real image and virtual image. Real image Virtual image 1.It can be caught on screen 1.It cannot be caught on screen 2.It is formed in front of the mirror 2.It is formed in behind of the mirror 3.It is always inverted 3.It is always erect 108. Mention the reason for refraction of light. The change in speed of light when travelling from one medium to another medium. 109. Write the differences between roasting and calcination. Roasting Calcination 1.Ore is heated in presence of 1.Ore is heated in absence of oxygen oxygen 2.It is used for sulphide ores 2.It is used for carbonate ores 110. Which is the simplest form of hydrocarbon?Why? Methane is the simplest form of hydrocarbon. Because it has least number of carbon atoms. 111. What is tyndal effect? The phenomenon of scattering of light by colloidal particle. 112. Write differences between pollination and fertilization. Pollination Fertilization 1.The process of transfer of pollen grains 1.The process of fusion of male and from anther to stigma. female gametes 2.It ends with fertilization 2.it ends with formation of seeds and fruits 113. What is double displacement reaction? Give example. A reaction in which there is exchange of ions. 2KBr + BaI → 2KI +BaBr2 114. What is alloy? An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of metal with metal or metal with non metal. Ex: Brass: copper +zinc ; Bronze: copper +Tin ; Solder: lead + Tin 115. Which is the reproductive part of a plant? Flower 116. Write the dot structure of methane. 117. What are functional groups?Name them. Hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms or group of atoms of other elements. a)Alcohol(-OH) b)Aldehyde(-CHO) c)Carboxylic acid(-COOH) d)Ketone (-CO) e)Halo alkane(-Cl , -Br) 118. What is contraceptive?Name the methods. The method of avoiding pregnancy is called contraceptive a)Mechanical or barrier method b)Chemical method c)Surgical method. 119. Write the uses of concave mirror. It is used in torches, search lights , vehicle headlights , by dentists , solar furnance. 120. Define power of a lens. The ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays OR 𝟏 The reciprocal of focal length. P= 𝒇 121. What is homologous series? A series of same organic compound having a difference of –CH2(14 units)between successive member. EX1: CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 , C4H10 EX2:C2H4 , C3H6 , C4H8 , C5H10 122. Why coils of electric toasters and electric irons made of an alloy rather than a pure metal? a)Alloy has high resistivity and hig MP b)It doesnot oxidise readily at high temperature. 123. Define refractive index. The extent of bending of light when it travels from one medium to another medium. 124. How is ozone formed? Ultraviolet split some molecule of oxygen into free oxygen atoms.These atoms then combine with the molecular oxygen to form ozone. O2 O+O O+O2 O3 125. Define respiration. The process of breakdown of glucose to get energy is called respiration. 126.Why hormones are called chemical messengers? Because it carry chemicals to the target organ. 127. What is meant by ozone depletion? The decrease in the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. 128. Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2m. f=2m P=1/f P=? P=1/2 P=-0.5D 129.Why convex mirror is used as vehicle rear view mirror? Because to get diminished and virtual and erect image. 130.a)Why veins have valves? Because to make the blood flows only in one direction. b)Why veins are not thick walled? Because the blood is no longer under pressure. 131.Why there is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood? Because due to presence of inter ventricular septum. 132. Explain the formation of sodium chloride. a)Metal loses electron b)Non metal gains electrons K L M N K L M N 2 8 2 - 2 8 7 - 133. Why covalent compounds have low MP and BP? Because due to small inter molecular forces. 134.Write the properties of Covalent compound. a)They have low MP and BP b)They donot have charged particles. c)poor conductors of electricity d)They have small inter molecular forces 135. Explain the formation of Magnesium chloride. a)Step1:Metal loses electrons.Magnesium atom by losing one electron it will become magnesium ion. b)Step 2:Nonmetals gains electrons.Chlorine atom by gaining one elctron it will become chloride ion. c)Formation of Magnesium chloride. 136. Write the chemical properties of metals and nonmetals. Metals Nonmetals 1.They are electropositive 1.They are electronegative 2.It forms basic oxides 2.It forms acidic oxides 3.They are reducing agents 3.They are oxidising agent 4.It reacts with water to give metallic 4.It doesnot show any reaction. oxide and water 5.It reacts with dilute acid to form salt and 5. It doesnot show any reaction. hydrogen 137. Why does carbon exist in large number of compounds? Because due to nature of covalent bond. 138.Why sodium is stored under kerosene? Because it readily reacts with air and water. 139. Write the differences between Xylem and Phloem. Xylem Phloem 1.Transports water and minerals 1.Transports food 2.transports in upward direction 2.Transports in both upward and downward only direction. 3.Transportation due to 3.Transportation due to use of ATP. transpiration pull 140.Which is the centre for reflex action? Spinal cord 141.Write the advantages of sexual reproduction. a)It leads to variation b)It leads to inheritance 142.On what factors do refractive index of a material depend? a)Nature of material b)Density of medium c)Relative speed of propogation of light. 143.List sources of magnetic field. a)Current carrying conductors b)Permanent magnets c)Electromagnets 144.Name the gas liberated when acid reacts with metal. Hydrogen. 145.Give reason: a)Schools bells are made of metals b)Jewellarys are made of gold Because metals are sonorous Because due to lusturous 146.What is feed back mechanism? The mechanism which controls the time and percentage of the hormone to secrete in our body. 147.How to avoid overload? a)Avoiding connecting too many appliances to a single socket b)Using safety devices such as fuse and earthing wire. c)Avoid live wire comes in contact with neutral wire. d)Avoid using faulty appliances. 148.What are effects due to depletion of ozone layer? a)It causes skin allergies and skin cancer b)It the effects the carbon cylce. c)It effects the growth of plants and animals. 149.Define the following: a)Pricipal focus:The point at which all the light rays meet after reflection. b)Optic centre:The centre of the lens. c)Pricipal axis:The line which passess through the centre of curvature and pole of the mirror. d)Aperture:The diameter of the spherical lens. 150.What type of lens does the following have? a)+2.5D b)-2.5D Conevx lens Concave lens 151.Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of dry litmus paper? Because H+ ions released only in presence of water. 152. If the radius of curvature of a lens is 30cm , then what is its focal length? 𝑹 R=30cm f= 𝟐 𝟑𝟎 f=? f= 𝟐 f=15cm 153.Give example for each: a)Phototropism:Bending of stem towards light b)Positive geotropism:Movement of roots towards gravity. c)Negative geotropism: Movement of stem away from gravity. d)Chemotropism:Movement of pollen tube towards ovule. e)Hydrotropism:Movement of root towards water. 154.Mention the pH of the following: a)Milk of magnesia - 10 b)Gastric juices- 1.2 c)Pure water – 7 d)Sodium hydroxide solution – 14 155.Give reasons for the following: a)Silver articles become black after exposing to air. Because silver reacts with sulphur present in air to form silver sulphide which form black colour. b)Copper reacts with air to form a green coating. Because copper reacts with moist CO2 in the air to form copper carbonate which is gren in colour. 156. Formulas: a)Resistor in series:Rs=R1+R2+R3+…………………. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 b)Resistor in parallel:𝑹𝒑=𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 +𝑹𝟑 + …………………. 𝑰 𝑽 𝑽 c)Ohms law: V=𝑹 or I=𝑹 or 𝑹= 𝑰 d)Joules law:H=I2Rt e)Energy: E= Pxt 𝑸 f)Electric power: P=V2/R or P=VxI or P=I2R g)Current: I= 𝒕  𝝆𝒍 𝑾 𝟏 h)Resistance: R= 𝑨 i)Voltage: V= 𝑸 j) Power of lens: P=𝒇 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 k)Mirror formula: 𝒇 = 𝑽 + 𝒖 l)Lens formula: 𝒇 = 𝑽 - 𝒖 𝑹 𝒉𝒊 −𝒗 m)Focal length: f= or R=2f n)Magnification for mirror: m= = 𝟐 𝒉𝒐 𝒖 𝒉𝒊 𝒗 o) Magnification for lens: m= 𝒉𝒐 =𝒖 157.What is the function mucous in the stomach? It protects the inner lining of stomach from HCl. 158.What is peristaltic movement? The rythemic contraction and relaxation of the walls of oesophagus for movement of food. 159.Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor. Cell , battery and power supply. 160.What is a)Vasectomy b)Tubectomy a)Vasectomy:A surgical method used in blocking of vasdefrens. b)Tubectomy: A surgical method used in blocking of oviduct or fallopian tube. 161.Why is DNA copying an essential part of the reproduction? a)DNA is agent for inheritance b)To create another DNA copy for the next generation. 162.Why Mendel choosen pea plant for his experiment? a)It can be grown in open field and in pot. b)It has sort life span. c)It can undergo self and cross pollination. d)It give large number of seeds. e)It has seven contrastig character. 163. Write the differences between inherited characters and acquired traits. Acquired characters Inherited traits 1.Traits which are developed during the 1.Traits which are transmitted from lifetime of an individual. parent to the off spring. 2.Traits do not get inherited to another 2.Traits get inherited to another generation. generation. 3.It will not include genes 3.It will include genes 164.What are dominat and reccessive traits? Dominat traits: The traits which expresses itself in the generations. Reccessive traits: The traits which supresses itself in the generations. 165.What is gene? A sub unit of DNA which is responsible for a particular character. 166.What is gestation period? The period from fertilization to birth of baby. 167.Name different forms of calcium carbonate. Limestone ,chalk and marble. 168.How can we test the gas released is hydrogen and carbondioxide? Hydrogen:The released gas is brought near a burning candle if it makes a pop sound then released gas is hydrogen. Carbondioxide:The released gas when passed through a lime water , if it turns into milky white then released gas is CO2. 169.Write the function of medulla. It controls involuntary actions like BP , Salivation and vomiting. 170.Write the chemical name and formula of the following. a)Bleaching powder: CaOCl2 , Calcium oxy chloride. b)Baking soda:NaHCO3 , Sodiumbicarbonate. c)Washing soda:Na2CO3 , Calcium sulphate hemihydrate. 𝟏 d)Plaster of Paris:CaSO4. 𝟐H2O ,Calcium sulphate hemi hydrate. e)Rusting of iron:Fe2O3.xH2O , Hydrated oxide of iron. 171.Name the following: a)Growth hormone:Pituitary gland b)Personality hormone:Thyroid gland c)Emergency hormone:Adrenal gland d)Female sex hormone:Ovary e)male sex hormone:Testis. 172.Write the differnce between strong acid and weak acid. Strong acid Weak acid 1.Ions will disassociates completely 1.Ions will disassociates partially 2.pH value 0 to 1 2.pH value 5 to 7 3.Inorganic acids are strong acids 3.Organic acids are weakacids Ex:H2SO4 , HCl , HNO3 etc Ex: CH3COOH , H2CO3 , H2SO3 173. Write the following: a)Acid +metal Salt +H2 b)Base + Metal Salt +H2 Ex:2HCl+Zn ZnCl2+H2 Ex:2NaOH+ Zn Na2ZnO2 +H2 (Zinc (Sodium Chloride) Zincate) c)Acid + metal carbonate Salt +CO2+H2O d)Base + metal carbonate No reaction Ex: 2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + CO2+H2O (Sodium chloride) e)Acid + metal bicarbonate Salt +CO 2+H2O f) Base+metal bicarbonate No reaction Ex:HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + CO2+H2O (Sodium chloride) g)Acid + base Salt + water h)Acid + Metal oxide Salt + water Ex:HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O H 2SO4 + MgO MgSO4 +H2O i)Base + Non metallic oxide Salt + water j)Metal +Oxygen Metal oxide Ex: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O Ex1: 2Mg+O2 2MgO Ex2: 2Cu+O2 2CuO Ex3:4Al+3O2 2Al2O3 k)Metal + water Metaloxide + Hydrogen l)Reaction of Aluminium with steam Ex:Mg+2H2O MgO+2H2 2Al+3H2O Al2O3 + 3H2 If soluble in water Metal oxide +Water Metal hydroxide Reaction of Iron with steam MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 3Fe +4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2 174.Name the nitrogeneous waste present in urine. Urea and Uric acid 175.Write the differences between convex lens and concave lens. Convex lens Concave lens 1.Thicker at the middle and thinner 1.Thicker at the edges and thinner at the edge at the middle 2.Coverging lens 2.Diverging lens 176.Explain Myopia. It is also called as short sightedness. A person can see near object clearly but cannot see far away objects distinctly(properly). In this defect image is formed infront of retrina but not on retina. Causes: a)Lens is thick , focal length not increased. B)Enlarged eyeball. Correction:By using concave lens 177.Explain Hypermetropia. It is also called as long sightedness. A person can see far away object clearly but cannot see near object clearly. In this defect image is formed behind retrina but not on retina. Causes: a)Lens is thinner , focal length cannot decreased. B)short eyeball. Correction:By using convex lens 178.Expain Presbyopia. It is normally seen in old people.  Near point reduces gradually(cannot see near object) Causes:a)weakening of ciliary muscles b)Loosing flexibility of eye lens Corre ction:By using bifocal lens. 179.Why red coloured light is used in traffic signals? Because it has more wavelength least scattered. 180.Which is the natural spectrum? Rainbow is the natural spectrum. 181.How rainbow is caused? When rain comes it is formed when one side cloud and other side sunlight. Rainbow is caused due to a)Dispersion b)Total internal reflection c)Refraction 182.What is meant by atmospheric refraction? When light rays pass through the atmosphere , they undergo refraction while entering from one layer to another layer of different optical densities 183.What are effects of atmospheric refraction? a)Apparent position of stars b) Advanced sunrise and delayed sunset c)Twinkling of stars d)planets donot twinkle. 184.Why stars twinkle? When a light coming from a star enters the earths atmosphere it undergoes atmospheric refraction on account of varying optical densities of air at different points The continuously changing atmosphere refracts the light from a star appears to be twinkle. 185.Why planets donot twinkle? Planets are much closer to earth and are considered as a collection of a large numbe of point sized sources of light.Althouh light from each point flickerd due to atmospheric refraction.Yet the total amount of light entering our eye remain unchanged.Therefore planets donot twinkle. 186.Why sky appears black for astronauts? Because no scattering of light and lack of atmosphere. 187.Define heridity. The process os passing traits from parents to offsprings. 188. Explain monohybrid cross. When two pea plant are cross pollinated.The gametes have half of the gene.  Tall plant X Short plant TT tt T T t t T T t Tt Tt t Tt Tt In F1 generation all the plants are tall plants. All the 4 plants have same genetic information 4 plants have same genotype , phenotype also same so all the plants grows as tall plant.The baby plant of F1 generation is self pollinated. Tt X Tt T t T t T t T TT Tt t Tt tt So in F2 generation dwarfness also expresed which is supressed in F1 generation. Phenotypic ratio: Tall :dwarf genotypic ratio: Pure tall : intermediate : dwarf 3 : 1 1 : 2 : 1 189. Explain dihybrid cross. Here chracter considered are: seed shape Seed colour Round Wrinkled Yellow Green RR rr YY yy Parents:a)Plant having round yellow seed b)Plant having wrinkled green Each character is controlled by 2 allelles. Two plants when cross pollinated Round Yellow X Wrinkled Green Genotype RRYY rryy Gametes RY RY ry ry F1 generation RY RY ry RrYy RrYy ry RrYy RrYy All baby plants are RrYy so baby will be round yellow seeds When these plants of F1 generation is self pollinated we get F2 generation Parents : RrYy X RrYy RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry Dihybrid ratio: Round yellow:Round Green:Wrinkled Yellow:Wrinkled Green 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 190.How is the sex of the child determined in human beings? 191.What is fragmentation? The process in which on maturation each organism splits into fragments.Each fragments develops into a new individual. 192. What are the advantages of vegetative propogation? a)The plants raised by vegetative propogation can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. b)The plants produced are genetically similar. c)The plant like banana , rose , orange have lost their capacity to produce seeds.  193.Name the type of asexual reproduction demonstrated by the following organisms. a)Amoeba- Binary fission b)Rhizopus – Spore formation c)Planaria- Regeneration d)Plasmodium- Multiple fission e)Spirogyra- Fragmentation. f)Bryophyllum- Vegetative propogation 194. Write the differences between unisexual and bisexual flowers. Unisexual flowers Bisexual flowers 1.The flower contain only one type of 1.They contain both type of reproductive reproductive organ organ 2.They contain either stamens or carpel 2.They contain bith stamens and carpels in the same flower 3.Eg: Papaya , watermelon Eg:Hibiscus , mustard 195.Name the agents of pollination. Air , water , insects , birds and animals. 196. Write the differences between self pollination and cross pollination. Self pollination Cross pollination 1. The transfer of pollen grains from 1. The transfer of pollen grains occur from anther to stigma of pistil with in the same one flower to another flower flower 2.It doesnot require external agency 2.An external agent is always required. 197.Write the function of the following. a)Cotyledon: Stores the food b)Plumule:Future stem c)Radicle :Future root. 198.What are the changes that are noticed in boys in early teenage? a)Thick hair growing in armpits and genital area. b)Thick hair growth on the face. c)The skin becomes oily. d)Voice gets cracked. e)The penis occasionally begins to become enlarged and erect. 199. What are the changes that are noticed in girls in early teenage? a)Thick hair growing in armpits and genital area. b) The skin becomes oily. c)The breast size begins to increase. d)They begin to menstruate at this time. 200.Why are the testes located outside the adominal cavity? Because sperm formation requires a lower temperature than the normal body temperature. 201.What are sexually transmitted disease? The disease caused due to sexual contact is called sexually transmitted disease. Sexually transmitted diseases are: a)AIDS(Acquired Imuno Deficiency Syndrome): caused by virus called HIV. b)Gonorrhea: caused by bacteria called Nisseria Gonorrheae. c)Syphillis: Caused by bacteria Trepenoma palladum 202.What is plcenta?Write its function. Placenta is a special tissue that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. Function:a)Foetus gets nutrition(glucose and minerals) from mother’s blood through placenta. b)Exchanges of gases c)waste from foetus also removed. 203. Name the glands , hormones and their functions. Glands Functions Hormones 1.Pitutary gland Growth Controls the growth and development of children Location :Brain hormone and adult. 2. Thyroid gland Thyroxin It regulates carbohydrtes , fats and protein Location :Neck (Personality metabolism in the body. hormone) 3. Adrenal gland Adrenaline It controls heart beat, respiration and blood Location :Above pressure during emergency situation. each kidney 4. Pancreas Insulin It regulates the blood sugar level Location :behind stomach 5. Testis Testesterone a.It helps in growth of secondary sexual characters Location:Scrotum in male. b.It helps in the formation of spems. 6. Ovaries Estrogen a.Helps in the development of female sex organ. Location: b.Itcontrols menstrual cycle. Progesterone a.It helps to prepare the wall of uterus for the attachment of fertilised egg and maintain pregnancy. 204.In which part of uterus egg gets fertilised? Fertilisation occurs in fallopian tube. 205. Write the differences between unisexual and bisexual flowers. Unisexual flowers Bisexual flowers 1.The flower contain only one type of 1.They contain both type of reproductive organ reproductive organ 2.They contain either stamens or carpel 2.They contain both stamens and carpels in the same flower 3.Eg: Papaya , watermelon 3. Eg:Hibiscus , mustard