Science Assessment Term 4 Revision (PDF)

It’s Alive Outcome #18 Roots: - Absorb water and nutrients from the soil - Transport water and nutrients to the stem - Anchor the plant to maintain stability Stems: - Transport water and nutrients from roots to the leaves - Supports leaves, fruit and flowers Leaves: - Photosynthes...

It’s Alive Outcome #18 Roots: - Absorb water and nutrients from the soil - Transport water and nutrients to the stem - Anchor the plant to maintain stability Stems: - Transport water and nutrients from roots to the leaves - Supports leaves, fruit and flowers Leaves: - Photosynthesis - Gas exchange (stomata opens, allowing carbon dioxide to enter while oxygen exits) Flowers: - Reproduction Outcome #19 Outcome #20 Pollination vs Fertilisation Pollination: Pollen grain lands on stigma. Fertilisation: Pollen grain joins with the ovule to form a seed. Outcome #21 Self-pollination Cross-pollination Transferring pollen from the anther to the stigma Transferring pollen from anther to the stigma of on the same flower another flower of the same plant Does Not require any external agents Involves external agents (insects, wind and water) Does not lead to any variations Leads to variations Outcome #22 Scientists classify things to: - organise knowledge - simplify complex systems - understand relationships Outcome #23 Linnaeus' System of Classification: - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species Binomial System: Each species is given a two-part Latin name (genus and species name) Outcome #24 Major Groups of LIving Things: 1. Plants - Multicellular organisms - Photosynthesis using chlorophyll to make their own food 2. Animals - Multicellular organisms - Obtains food by consuming other organisms 3. Fungi - Mostly multicellular (except yeast) - Decompose and absorb nutrients from organic matter 4. Protists - Mostly unicellular - Livers in water or moist environments 5. Monera - Unicellular organisms - Lack of a true nucleus Outcome #25 Dichotomous Key: Outcome #26 Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone and more complex body systems Invertebrates: Animals lacking a backbone and simpler body systems Outcome #27 Class Covering the Respiration Reproduction Temperature body Regulation Fish Scales Gills External - lay Cold-blooded eggs in water Mammals Hair/Fur Lungs Internal - live Warm-blooded birth, milk Birds Feathers Lungs and air Internal - Warm-blooded sacs hard-shelled eggs Reptiles Scales Lungs Internal - Warm-blooded leathery eggs Amphibians Moist Skin Gills, lungs, skin External - lay Cold-blooded eggs in water Science Of Toys Outcome #1 A force is either a push or a pull that causes acceleration Outcome #3 Contact forces: - Friction - Buoyancy - Tension - Normal force - Air Resistance Outcome #4 Field forces (non-contact forces): - Electrostatic (force between two electric charged objects) - Magnetic (force between two objects that attract or repel each other) - Gravitational (force between two objects by their mass) Outcome #5 Newton is the unit of force Outcome #6 Friction is a force between surfaces that opposes motion Outcome #9 Reducing friction: - Smoother surfaces - Lubrication (oils/grease) Outcome #10 Gravitational force is the force of attraction between two objects with mass Outcome #11 When objects accelerate towards the centre of Earth when there is no air resistance, the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects on the Earth’s surface no matter the weight. Outcome #12 Mass: Total amount of matter in an object Weight: Force of gravity on an object Outcome #13 Weight is proportional to mass: If mass increases, so does weight is the gravitational field is consistent Outcome #14 Balanced forces: Forces that are equal in size and are opposite in direction. This results no change in the object's motion Unbalanced forces: Forces are not equal, causing a change in the object's motion (speeds up, slows down or change the direction of motion) Outcome #21 Independent variables: The variable that is changed in an experiment Dependent variables: The variable that is observed in an experiment, responding to the changes in the independent variable Controlled variables: The variable that is kept constant throughout the experiment, ensuring the independent variable affects the dependent variable Outcome #22 Aim: A clear statement describing the purpose of the experiment Hypothesis: A prediction based on prior knowledge, stating what you expect to happen in the experiment Risk assessment: A process identifying any potential hazards in the experiment, finding ways to reduce or manage these risks to create a safe environment Conclusion: A summary of the results of the experiment, stating whether the hypothesis was supported or not.