Science 10 Q1 Week 2 PDF

SCIENCE FIRST QUARTER Module 2 10 Most Essential Learning Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts t...

SCIENCE FIRST QUARTER Module 2 10 Most Essential Learning Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES – Ia-j-36.1)  TO THE LEARNERS Here are the few tips to better explore the earth using this module. Prepare yourself to focus. Go to a place free from any form of distraction. Prepare your science notebook and ball pen. Take note, your notebook must be exclusive for Science subject only to avoid using too much time looking for your lecture if you want to review a lesson. Read the content of the module starting from the very beginning; do not skip a single page for you to be guided in understanding the lesson. Read the instructions very carefully to see the connection of the activity with the topic discussed in the module. Using your science notebook, note down the information that is new to you, writing can enhance your learning. Answer the pre-test, guide questions in each activity, post-test, and the reflection part. You may ask the help of your parent/guardian to check your answers. Last but not the least, have fun! Enjoy what you are doing. Happy learning! EXPECTATIONS At the end of this module, the learners should be able to: 1. recall the characteristics of seismic waves in terms of speed; 2. explain triangulation method in locating epicenter of earthquake; 3. locate the earthquake epicenter using the triangulation method; and 4. plot the active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts in a world map. PRE-TEST Before you start studying this module, take this simple test to find out what you already know about the topics in this module. Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. __________1. What is the point within the Earth where seismic waves originated? A. earthquake B. epicenter C. fault D. focus __________2. How many seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake? 1  A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 __________3. Which type of seismic wave is recorded first in a seismic station? A. Love wave B. P- wave C. Rayleigh wave D. S-wave __________4. Where is the location of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts? A. In the middle of the plate C. In the middle of the continent B. Along the edges of the plates D. Along the edges of the continents __________5. How earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain belts are distributed? A. The distribution of earthquake epicenters is different with active volcanoes, and major mountain belts B. The distribution of earthquake epicenters is the same with active volcanoes, and major mountain belts C. The distribution of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain belts are the same to its location D. The distribution of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain belts are different from its location L KING BACK Direction: Decode the picture equations in column A. Look for the decoded words in column B then find the definition in column C. Write your answer on your answer sheet. A B C Geologic Answers Picture Equation Definition Terms 1. a. A. energy released _____,_____ Lithosphere during an earthquake 2. b. Plate B. crack or gap between two _____,_____ Boundary plates c. Seismic 3. Wave C. seafloor _____,_____ D. rigid outer d. 4. part of the earth, Continental consisting of the _____,_____ Crust crust and upper mantle. E. thicker and 5. e. Oceanic less dense type _____,_____ Crust of crust. 2  BRIEF INTRODUCTION When an earthquake occurs, the energy released travels all throughout the Earth in the form of seismic waves; it is generated by the movement of tectonic plates. The energy that reaches the surface of the Earth causes the shaking of the ground. There are two types of seismic waves, the body wave, and surface wave. Body wave comes in the form of primary wave (P-wave) and secondary wave (S- wave), it travels within the Earth. Another type is surface wave, it can only travel on the surface of the earth, and it arrives after the the body wave. Figure 1: Seismic Waves (By:Laiza Vitug) The point within the earth where the release of energy happened is the focus, while the location on the surface of the earth directly above the focus is the epicenter. During an earthquake, in a seismic station, a seismograph is used to record the motion of the ground. They are installed in the ground throughout the world and operated as part of a seismographic network. The primary wave reaches a seismic station first followed by the secondary wave. To locate the epicenter of an earthquake, scientists use the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave to get the distance of the epicenter from the seismic ) station. Three distances from three different seismic stations are needed to determine the exact location of the epicenter using a method known as triangulation method. The Seismic Race (P-wave and S-wave) Objective: Recall the characteristics of seismic waves in terms of speed. Materials: Comics Strip Procedure: Read and analyze the story “The Seismic Race” to answer the guide Questions. 3  By: Jayson Darapiza and Laiza Vitug Guide Questions: Write your answer on your answer sheet. 1. What is the difference between P-wave and S-wave in terms of speed? 2. Why does P-wave travel faster than S-wave? 3. What is the importance of determining the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave? Journey to the Center of the Earthquake Objectives: 1. Explain triangulation method in locating epicenter of earthquake. 2. Locate the earthquake epicenter using the triangulation method. Materials: Ruler, Compass (If not available use improvised geometry compass using string), Pencil Introduction: Seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter by multiplying the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave in seconds by 8 km/s. To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the distance data from at least three different seismic stations, and then draw circles that distance away from the station. The point where they intersect is the epicenter. Distance to epicenter 1 Seismograph 1: 1800 km Seismograph 2: 1250 km 2 Seismograph 3: 1200 km 3 Figure 2: Triangulation Method https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City#/media/File:Ph_locator_cebu_cebu.png 4 Procedure: 1. Using the scale (1cm=400 km), convert the distances recorded by the seismologists in the following seismic stations by multiplying the given distance in kilometer(km) by the ratio of the scaled value in centimeter(cm) to kilometer(km) Example: Distance of the earthquake to the station = 1800 km Since for every 1cm=400km, 1640 km x 1cm 400km ( = 4.1 cm ) Distance of the earthquake to Scaled Distance Location the station(km) (cm) South Caloocan 1640 4.1 Marikina 1600 Muntinlupa 1040 2. Using the map on your answer sheet. Draw a circle around each location using the converted distances from the three seismic stations. The radius of each circle corresponds to the distance of the earthquake to the seismic recording station. How to use an improvised geometry compass using string. Step 1: Tie a piece of string low down around a pencil. Hold the string the length of the radius away from the pencil with your finger. Step 2: Hold the string down against the paper where you want the center of the circle to be. Draw around the center while keeping the string tight and the pencil upright. http://stuartmath.weebly.com/geo metry-a-make-a-homemade- geometry- compass.html?fbclid=IwAR0pYq h791aH2cCn6dWyNHzLS1HXn_ zKB094phE80fdgp4lvMltMhyX wYng 1cm = 400 km https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Metro_manila_map.png Figure 3: Map of Metro Manila 3. After you have drawn all the three circles, the point of intersection of the three circles is the epicenter. Guide Questions: Write your answer on your answer sheet. 1. Where is the earthquake located? 2. What do you call the method that you used to locate the earthquake epicenter? 3. What do you call the location of the earthquake that you have identified using triangulation method? 4. What is the importance of determining the location of the earthquake epicenter? 5  The Wandering Earthquake (Locating Mountain Range and Active Volcanoes) Objective: Plot the active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts in a world map. A Materials: comics strip, world map, map of plate boundaries, colored pencil/marker Procedure: 1. Read and analyze the story of the wandering earthquake. By: Jayson Darapiza and Laiza Vitug 2. Answer the following guide questions: 2.1 Describe the location of the following: a. Earthquake epicenters _____________________________________________ b. Active Volcanoes ___________________________________________________ c. Major Mountain Belts_______________________________________________ 2.2 Is there a place on Earth that is earthquake free? Explain your answer. 6  2.3 Compare the location of earthquake epicenters to the location of active volcanoes and major mountain belts. 3. Refer to Table1 for the actual location of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes and major mountain belts (mountain range). Table 1: Location of Earthquake epicenters, Active Volcanoes, and Major Mountain Belts Major Earthquakes Latitude Longitude Location 1 Chile 38.14°S 73.41°W 2 Southern Alaska 60.91°N 147.34°W 3 Northern Sumatra 3.30°N 95.98°E 4 Japan 38.30°N 142.37°E 5 Russia 52.62°N 159.78°E 6 Chile 36.12°S 72.90°W 7 Ecuador 0.96°N 79.37°W 8 Alaska 51.25°N 178.72°E 9 India 28.36°N 96.45°E 10 Indonesia 2.33°N 93.06°E Active Volcanoes Location Latitude Longitude 1 Columbia (Mt. Nevado del Ruiz) 4.88° N 75.37° W 2 Guatemala (Mt. Santa Maria) 10.46°N 91.55° W 3 Indonesia (Mt. Kelut -Kelud) 7.55° S 112.88° E 4 Mexico (Mt. Chichonal -El Chichon) 17.36° N 93.23° W 5 Papua New Guinea (Mt. Lamington) 5.56° S 148.09° E 6 Indonesia (Mt. Agung) 8.34° S 115.50° E 7 Philippines (Mt. Pinatubo) 15.13° N 120.35° E 8 New Zealand (Mt. Ruapehu) 39.28° S 175.57° E 9 Japan (Mt. Torishima) 30.48° N 140.30° E 10 Ecuador (Mt. Tungurahua) 1.47° S 78.48° W Mountain Belts (Ranges) Location Latitude Longitude 1 Asia (Himalayas) 27° N 86° E 2 South America (Mt. Andes) 32° S 70° W 3 Europe (The Alps) 46.89° N 9.66° E 3 Asia and Europe (The Urals) 60° N 60° E 4 Australia(The Great Dividing Range) 36° S 148° E 5 North America (The Rocky Mountain) 39° N 106° W 6 North America(The Appalachians) 40° N 78° W 7 Africa (Southern Great Escarpment) 29° S 29° E 8 Antarctica(Transantarctic Mountains) 34° S 166° E Source:https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/science/20-largest-earthquakes-world?qt- science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objectshttps://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=221101, https://latitude.to/ https://www.britannica.com/science/mountain-landform/Major-mountain-belts-of-the-world 4. Use a world map to determine the actual location of the characters (earthquake, volcanoes, and mountain belt). 5. Using the blank world map below (see Figure 4), plot the location of earthquake epicenters, mountain belts and active volcanoes. Mark the location of major earthquakes, active volcanoes, and mountain belts use black for earthquakes, red for volcanoes and blue for mountain belts. 7  https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:Z96T7r0d@1/Map-projections Figure 4: Blank World Map 5. Refer to the map of tectonic plate below for the location of plate boundaries. https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/143478 Figure 5: Plate Boundaries REMEMBER Hello there! Please do remember your lesson ☺ do remember me! Earthquake is the sudden movement of the earth’s crust; it travels in the form of seismic waves. There are two types of seismic waves, the body waves and the surface waves. P-waves and S- waves are body waves used by the scientists to determine the distance of the earthquake to the seismic station. Since S- waves cannot travel through the liquid layer of the earth it causes a delay in its arrival time to the seismic station, P-waves reaches the seismic station first. To compute for the distance of the earthquake to a seismic station scientists use the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave in seconds by multiplying it to 8 kilometers per second (km/s). After obtaining the distance of the earthquake from at least three different seismic stations, the earthquake epicenter is determined using triangulation method. Earthquake epicenters are scattered everywhere unlike active volcanoes and mountain belts (mountain range) that can only be found along the edges of the plates. 8  CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING Color my World! Directions: Apply the color indicated below which correspond to the definition of the terms found in the illustration that represents the earth. If coloring materials are not available you may simply write the corresponding color; say blue, yellow, violet and so on. Blue – sudden movement of the earth’s crust. Yellow - region on the surface of the earth directly above the origin of the earthquake Violet - region within the earth where the earthquake originated Brown- is any physical feature of the earth’s surface that is formed by a geologic process. Green – also known as mountain belts. Red – type of body wave that moves faster than the secondary wave (s-wave) Orange – type of body wave that cannot travel through the liquid layer of the earth. Pink – a method to determine the location of the earthquake using the distance of the epicenter from three different seismic stations. By: Laiza Vitug You have made it to the final part of this POST-TEST module. Answer the post test. Good Luck! ☺ Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. _______1. What is needed to determine the distance of the epicenter from a seismic station? A. The arrival time of P-wave and S-wave B. The difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave C. The arrival time of P-wave and S-wave from 3 different seismic stations D. The difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave from three different seismic stations _______2. What point on the surface of the earth that lies directly above the origin of the earthquake? A. epicenter B. focus C. mountain belt D. volcano 9 _______3. What do you call the series of mountains that lie along the same plate boundary? A. epicenter B. focus C. mountain belt D. volcanic arc _______4. What type of body wave cannot travel through the liquid layer of the earth? A. P-wave B. Seismic wave C. Surface wave D. S-wave _______5. What is needed to determine the epicenter of an earthquake? A. The arrival time of P-wave and S-wave B. The distance of the epicenter from a seismic station C. The difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave D. The distance of the epicenter from three different seismic stations REFLECTION It’s time to reflect! Let us see what you learned by answering the question based on what you know before and after using this module. Thinking out of the Box: Before & After What is the importance of knowing the location of the earthquake epicenter, active volcanoes and mountain belts? OUT OF THE BOX IN THE BOX Before: I used to think _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ After: Now, I realized _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Congratulations in doing your task well! ☺ 10  SCIENCE 8-ANSWER SHEET Quarter 1: Week 2 Name: ____________________________________ Grade & Section: _____________ Teacher: _______________ Learning Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES – Ia-j-36.1) Pretest 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. ___________ Looking Back 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. ___________ Activity 1: The Seismic Race 1. ________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________ Activity 2: Journey to the Center of the Earthquake 1. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Activity 3: The Wandering Earthquake 2.2 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2.3 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Check Your Understanding Posttest 1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. ___________