Grade 4 Science Quiz Study Guide.pdf

Volcano and Earthquake Study Guide Quiz on Wednesday, November 15th (Veldhuizen) and on Thursday, November 16th (Hooper & Jonff) ● Different types of lava have different viscosities. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow. ● The three common types of lava—basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolit...

Volcano and Earthquake Study Guide Quiz on Wednesday, November 15th (Veldhuizen) and on Thursday, November 16th (Hooper & Jonff) ● Different types of lava have different viscosities. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow. ● The three common types of lava—basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic. They each contain different amounts of silica (SiO2) and dissolved gasses. ● The following chart lists common lava types and their viscosity. Fault ● ● A fault is where two earth plates meet. There are 3 main types of fault movements in earthquakes: ○ Normal Fault - plates move apart and hanging wall moves down ○ Reverse Fault - plates press together and hanging wall moves up ○ Strike-Slip Fault - both plates slide past each other Seismic Waves ● the waves of energy caused by an earthquake. Seismology ● The scientific study of earthquakes. Seismologist ● A scientist who studies earthquakes. Seismograph ● The scientific instrument that records seismic waves from an earthquake. Focus ● Where the earthquake slip happens below the ground. Epicenter ● Where the shaking is first felt above ground directly above the focus. Ring of Fire ● a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. Body Wave - P wave ● The P stands for primary. ● These waves arrive first. ● P waves move with a push-pull motion. Body Wave - S wave ● The S stands for secondary. ● These waves arrive second. ● S waves move with an up and down motion. Surface Wave - Love wave ● These are the slowest waves that cause the most damage. ● Love waves arrive third (at the same time as Rayleigh waves). ● Love waves shake the surface side-to-side. Surface Wave - Rayleigh wave ● These are the slowest waves that cause the most damage. ● Rayleigh waves arrive third (at the same time as Love waves). ● Rayleigh waves move the surface of the earth around in a circle, forward and down then back and up. (like an ocean wave)