Sample Questions of Nervous System PDF

### Sample Questions 1. **Which structure is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system?** - A) Spinal cord - B) Cerebrum - C) Cerebellum - D) Medulla oblongata - **Correct Answer:** A) Spinal cord - **Explanation:**...

### Sample Questions 1. **Which structure is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system?** - A) Spinal cord - B) Cerebrum - C) Cerebellum - D) Medulla oblongata - **Correct Answer:** A) Spinal cord - **Explanation:** The spinal cord serves as the major communication link between the PNS and the CNS, transmitting sensory information and integrating reflexes【5†source】. 2. **If a patient has damage to the lumbar plexus, which of the following areas would likely be affected?** - A) Upper limb movement - B) Lower limb movement - C) Facial sensation - D) Vision - **Correct Answer:** B) Lower limb movement - **Explanation:** The lumbar plexus, originating from spinal nerves L1–L4, is responsible for innervating the lower limb, so damage here affects lower limb mobility【5†source】. 3. **During an emergency response, a reflex allows a person to pull their hand away from a hot surface without consciously thinking. What part of the nervous system initiates this response?** - A) Cerebrum - B) Reflex arc - C) Dorsal horn - D) Thalamus - **Correct Answer:** B) Reflex arc - **Explanation:** The reflex arc is the smallest unit capable of initiating a response without conscious thought, allowing for quick, automatic reactions like pulling away from painful stimuli【 5†source】. 4. **A patient exhibits loss of sensation in the medial thigh. Which nerve might be impaired?** - A) Obturator nerve - B) Tibial nerve - C) Ulnar nerve - D) Radial nerve - **Correct Answer:** A) Obturator nerve - **Explanation:** The obturator nerve provides sensation to the medial thigh; damage to it could result in sensory loss in this area【5†source】. 5. **Which area of the brain is primarily involved in coordinating voluntary motor function and balance?**  - A) Cerebellum - B) Medulla oblongata - C) Hypothalamus - D) Cerebrum - **Correct Answer:** A) Cerebellum - **Explanation:** The cerebellum plays a critical role in motor coordination, balance, and the fine-tuning of voluntary movements【5†source】. 6. **What function does the phrenic nerve, originating from the cervical plexus, primarily serve?** - A) Controls eye movement - B) Provides sensation to the face - C) Regulates breathing - D) Controls lower limb muscles - **Correct Answer:** C) Regulates breathing - **Explanation:** The phrenic nerve, emerging from the cervical plexus (C3–C5), is crucial for breathing as it innervates the diaphragm【5†source】. 7. **If the dura mater surrounding the brain is damaged, which of the following could result?** - A) Loss of motor function - B) Potential infection of the brain - C) Decreased reflex responses - D) Impaired sensory perception - **Correct Answer:** B) Potential infection of the brain - **Explanation:** The dura mater serves as a protective barrier; damage here could increase the risk of infection, affecting the meninges and brain【5†source】. 8. **A neurologist suspects a lesion in the ventral root of a spinal nerve. What might this affect in the patient?** - A) Motor functions - B) Sensory perception - C) Cognitive abilities - D) Blood pressure regulation - **Correct Answer:** A) Motor functions - **Explanation:** The ventral roots contain motor neuron axons, which are responsible for motor control; damage here impairs motor function【5†source】. 9. **If a person sustains damage to the axillary nerve, which of the following areas is most likely affected?** - A) Sensory perception in the posterior leg - B) Motor control in the shoulder - C) Sensory perception in the medial arm - D) Movement of the forearm flexors - **Correct Answer:** B) Motor control in the shoulder  - **Explanation:** The axillary nerve innervates muscles around the shoulder, including the deltoid and teres minor, so damage here impacts shoulder movement【5†source】. 10. **Damage to the temporal lobe would primarily affect which function?** - A) Visual processing - B) Memory and hearing - C) Balance and coordination - D) Breathing - **Correct Answer:** B) Memory and hearing - **Explanation:** The temporal lobe is associated with processing auditory information and is also key for memory functions【5†source】. 11. **If the dorsal root ganglion is damaged, which function would likely be impaired?** - A) Motor response - B) Sensory input - C) Reflex action - D) Autonomic regulation - **Correct Answer:** B) Sensory input - **Explanation:** The dorsal root ganglion contains sensory neuron cell bodies, so damage here would impair sensory input to the CNS【5†source】. 12. **Which nerve is most likely affected if a patient experiences weakness in shoulder abduction?** - A) Radial nerve - B) Median nerve - C) Axillary nerve - D) Musculocutaneous nerve - **Correct Answer:** C) Axillary nerve - **Explanation:** The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid muscle, which is responsible for shoulder abduction【5†source】. 13. **If a person cannot feel their hand but has full mobility, which part of the spinal nerve might be affected?** - A) Ventral root - B) Dorsal root - C) Gray matter - D) Lateral horn - **Correct Answer:** B) Dorsal root - **Explanation:** The dorsal root transmits sensory information, so damage here would affect sensation without impacting mobility【5†source】. 14. **A patient suffers a spinal injury that damages the lateral horns. Which function would most likely be compromised?** - A) Voluntary muscle control  - B) Sensory perception - C) Autonomic regulation - D) Cognitive function - **Correct Answer:** C) Autonomic regulation - **Explanation:** The lateral horns contain autonomic motor neurons, so damage here would impact autonomic functions like heart rate and digestion【5†source】. 15. **Which of the following nerves, if damaged, would affect the ability to extend the forearm?** - A) Radial nerve - B) Median nerve - C) Ulnar nerve - D) Femoral nerve - **Correct Answer:** A) Radial nerve - **Explanation:** The radial nerve controls the extensor muscles of the forearm, so damage here would impair forearm extension【5†source】. 16. **Damage to the sciatic nerve would most likely result in:** - A) Difficulty moving the upper arm - B) Loss of sensation in the face - C) Reduced mobility in the lower limb - D) Impaired hearing - **Correct Answer:** C) Reduced mobility in the lower limb - **Explanation:** The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body and innervates much of the lower limb, affecting its movement if damaged【5†source】. 17. **The dorsal rami of spinal nerves are responsible for innervating which of the following?** - A) The abdominal muscles - B) The deep muscles of the back - C) The pectoral muscles - D) The hand muscles - **Correct Answer:** B) The deep muscles of the back - **Explanation:** The dorsal rami innervate the deep muscles of the back that move the vertebral column【5†source】. 18. **What is the function of the dura mater’s dural venous sinuses?** - A) To store cerebrospinal fluid - B) To drain blood and cerebrospinal fluid from the brain - C) To transmit motor impulses - D) To provide nutrients to neurons - **Correct Answer:** B) To drain blood and cerebrospinal fluid from the brain - **Explanation:** The dural venous sinuses drain venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid, emptying it into the internal jugular veins【5†source】. 19. **A patient with damage to the phrenic nerve may have difficulty with which action?**  - A) Bending their knee - B) Swallowing food - C) Breathing normally - D) Turning their head - **Correct Answer:** C) Breathing normally - **Explanation:** The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, essential for breathing; damage here could impair respiration【5†source】. 20. **If a person’s hand is unable to perform flexion of the wrist, which nerve might be damaged?** - A) Musculocutaneous nerve - B) Radial nerve - C) Median nerve - D) Axillary nerve - **Correct Answer:** C) Median nerve - **Explanation:** The median nerve innervates most flexor muscles of the forearm, including those that flex the wrist【5†source】. 21. **If an individual cannot shrug their shoulders, which nerve might be compromised?** - A) Accessory nerve - B) Facial nerve - C) Hypoglossal nerve - D) Glossopharyngeal nerve - **Correct Answer:** A) Accessory nerve - **Explanation:** The accessory nerve innervates the trapezius muscle, responsible for shoulder elevation, such as shrugging【5†source】. 22. **Damage to which plexus would likely impair sensation in the neck?** - A) Lumbar plexus - B) Sacral plexus - C) Cervical plexus - D) Brachial plexus - **Correct Answer:** C) Cervical plexus - **Explanation:** The cervical plexus innervates the skin of the neck and parts of the head【 5†source】. 23. **If the brachial plexus is damaged, which body part is most likely affected?** - A) Lower limbs - B) Chest and abdomen - C) Upper limbs - D) Face - **Correct Answer:** C) Upper limbs - **Explanation:** The brachial plexus supplies the nerves to the upper limbs, so damage here affects upper limb functions【5†source】. 24. **The central canal of the spinal cord serves what function?** - A) Houses sensory nerve fibers - B) Allows circulation of cerebrospinal fluid - C) Protects the spinal cord from injury - D) Conducts motor signals - **Correct Answer:** B) Allows circulation of cerebrospinal fluid - **Explanation:** The central canal helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions and protects the spinal cord【5†source】. 25. **A lesion in the occipital lobe would primarily affect which sense?** - A) Hearing - B) Taste - C) Vision - D) Smell - **Correct Answer:** C) Vision - **Explanation:** The occipital lobe is primarily involved in processing visual information【 5†source】. 26. **Which part of the brainstem is essential for regulating heartbeat and breathing?** - A) Pons - B) Midbrain - C) Medulla oblongata - D) Cerebellum - **Correct Answer:** C) Medulla oblongata - **Explanation:** The medulla oblongata contains centers that regulate essential functions like heartbeat and breathing【5†source】. 27. **The cerebellum is responsible for:** - A) Language comprehension - B) Visual perception - C) Motor coordination - D) Blood pressure regulation - **Correct Answer:** C) Motor coordination - **Explanation:** The cerebellum coordinates voluntary motor movements and balance【 5†source】. 28. **If a person has trouble with spatial awareness and sensory integration, which lobe is likely affected?** - A) Frontal lobe - B) Parietal lobe - C) Occipital lobe - D) Temporal lobe - **Correct Answer:** B) Parietal lobe  - **Explanation:** The parietal lobe is responsible for integrating sensory information and managing spatial awareness【5†source】. 29. **Which structure in the brain filters incoming sensory information and directs attention?** - A) Hypothalamus - B) Medulla oblongata - C) Thalamus - D) Reticular formation - **Correct Answer:** C) Thalamus - **Explanation:** The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information and helps regulate attention【5†source】. 30. **The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for:** - A) Rest and digest functions - B) Voluntary motor control - C) Fight or flight response - D) Reflexive responses - **Correct Answer:** C) Fight or flight response - **Explanation:** The sympathetic division prepares the body for stress-related activities by initiating the fight or flight response【5†source】. 31. **What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?** - A) Spinal cord and peripheral nerves - B) Brain and peripheral nerves - C) Brain and spinal cord - D) Brainstem and cerebellum - **Correct Answer:** C) Brain and spinal cord - **Explanation:** The CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord, which process and integrate information from the body【5†source】. 32. **What is the function of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord?** - A) To transport nutrients to neurons - B) To protect and cushion the CNS - C) To enhance blood flow to the brain - D) To regulate CSF production - **Correct Answer:** B) To protect and cushion the CNS - **Explanation:** The meninges are protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and stability【5†source】. 33. **If the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve is damaged, which area would likely be affected?** - A) Sensation in the back - B) Movement in the arms and legs - C) Sensory input from the face - D) Sensory input from the internal organs  - **Correct Answer:** B) Movement in the arms and legs - **Explanation:** The ventral rami are major branches that innervate the limbs and front of the body, impacting movement and sensation here if damaged【5†source】. 34. **What is the function of the gray commissure in the spinal cord?** - A) Transmits sensory information - B) Connects the two halves of the spinal cord - C) Supplies blood to the spinal cord - D) Controls reflex responses - **Correct Answer:** B) Connects the two halves of the spinal cord - **Explanation:** The gray commissure contains axons that cross between the left and right halves of the spinal cord【5†source】. 35. **Where do the first pair of spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?** - A) Between the first and second lumbar vertebrae - B) Between the skull and the first cervical vertebra - C) Through the sacral foramina - D) Between the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae - **Correct Answer:** B) Between the skull and the first cervical vertebra - **Explanation:** The first spinal nerves exit between the skull and the first cervical vertebra【 5†source】. 36. **The falx cerebri is a dural fold that:** - A) Separates the cerebellum from the brainstem - B) Lies in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres - C) Protects the spinal cord from injury - D) Encloses the thalamus - **Correct Answer:** B) Lies in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres - **Explanation:** The falx cerebri is a fold of dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum, providing stability to the brain【5†source】. 37. **The cauda equina refers to:** - A) The nerve fibers supplying the neck - B) A bundle of spinal nerve roots below the spinal cord - C) The network of nerves in the cervical plexus - D) Nerve tracts in the brainstem - **Correct Answer:** B) A bundle of spinal nerve roots below the spinal cord - **Explanation:** The cauda equina consists of nerve roots that extend downward from the lumbosacral region, resembling a horse’s tail【5†source】. 38. **Which structure in the brain is known as the “little brain” and aids in motor coordination?** - A) Diencephalon - B) Cerebrum - C) Cerebellum  - D) Brainstem - **Correct Answer:** C) Cerebellum - **Explanation:** The cerebellum, often referred to as the “little brain,” plays a vital role in coordinating voluntary movements【5†source】. 39. **The brainstem is made up of which three structures?** - A) Cerebellum, medulla, and pons - B) Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain - C) Thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum - D) Midbrain, cerebellum, and cerebrum - **Correct Answer:** B) Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain - **Explanation:** The brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain, which control basic life functions【5†source】. 40. **Which part of the CNS acts as a major processing center for sensory information before sending it to the cerebral cortex?** - A) Hypothalamus - B) Thalamus - C) Cerebellum - D) Midbrain - **Correct Answer:** B) Thalamus - **Explanation:** The thalamus acts as a relay station, directing sensory information to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex【5†source】. 41. **What is the primary role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?** - A) Transmit sensory signals - B) Provide nutrients to neurons - C) Produce myelin for nerve fibers - D) Act as a barrier to pathogens - **Correct Answer:** C) Produce myelin for nerve fibers - **Explanation:** Schwann cells are responsible for producing myelin in the PNS, which insulates axons and speeds up nerve impulses【5†source】. 42. **The cerebrum is divided into how many lobes, and which one is essential for personality and decision-making?** - A) Three; temporal lobe - B) Five; occipital lobe - C) Four; frontal lobe - D) Four; parietal lobe - **Correct Answer:** C) Four; frontal lobe - **Explanation:** The cerebrum has four lobes, with the frontal lobe playing a critical role in personality and decision-making【5†source】. 43. **What is the function of the intercostal nerves formed by the ventral rami in the thoracic region?** - A) Control heart rate - B) Control leg movement - C) Innervate intercostal muscles and skin over the thorax - D) Provide sensation to the facial muscles - **Correct Answer:** C) Innervate intercostal muscles and skin over the thorax - **Explanation:** Intercostal nerves control the intercostal muscles involved in breathing and provide sensation to the thorax skin【5†source】. 44. **The insula, often called the “fifth lobe,” is responsible for processing which sense?** - A) Hearing - B) Smell - C) Taste - D) Vision - **Correct Answer:** C) Taste - **Explanation:** The insula, located deep within the lateral fissure, is primarily involved in processing taste information【5†source】. 45. **What role do the spinal ganglia play in the nervous system?** - A) Relay motor impulses to muscles - B) Transmit sensory information to the CNS - C) Store neurotransmitters for release - D) Control autonomic functions - **Correct Answer:** B) Transmit sensory information to the CNS - **Explanation:** The spinal ganglia contain sensory neuron cell bodies that transmit sensory signals to the CNS【5†source】. 46. **Damage to the temporal lobe would impair which functions besides memory?** - A) Vision and taste - B) Smell and hearing - C) Motor coordination - D) Blood pressure regulation - **Correct Answer:** B) Smell and hearing - **Explanation:** The temporal lobe is crucial for processing auditory and olfactory information, along with memory【5†source】. 47. **What is the primary function of the epithalamus?** - A) Controls voluntary movements - B) Regulates sleep-wake cycles and emotional responses - C) Coordinates motor activity - D) Maintains posture and balance - **Correct Answer:** B) Regulates sleep-wake cycles and emotional responses  - **Explanation:** The epithalamus, which includes the pineal gland, plays a role in regulating circadian rhythms and emotions【5†source】. 48. **Which of the following best describes the role of the subthalamus?** - A) Controls eye movement - B) Relays sensory signals to the cerebellum - C) Regulates motor functions with the basal nuclei - D) Transmits auditory signals to the brainstem - **Correct Answer:** C) Regulates motor functions with the basal nuclei - **Explanation:** The subthalamus is involved in controlling motor functions in coordination with the basal nuclei【5†source】. 49. **Which structure forms the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes?** - A) Central sulcus - B) Lateral fissure - C) Longitudinal fissure - D) Corpus callosum - **Correct Answer:** A) Central sulcus - **Explanation:** The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes, distinguishing motor from sensory processing areas【5†source】. 50. **What does the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) primarily function to do?** - A) Store nutrients for neurons - B) Maintain ionic balance in neurons - C) Cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord - D) Transport oxygen to brain tissues - **Correct Answer:** C) Cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord - **Explanation:** CSF cushions the CNS and provides a stable environment for neurons, reducing injury risk【5†source】.