Sammy - Assignment 5.1_Antebellum Life and Politics (Chs. 12_13) Learning Menu (Spring 2024) PDF

CIVIL WAR CAFE Instructions: In lieu of reading Chapters 12 and 13 in their entirety, please complete the following learning menu. This is an individual activity; you are not permitted to collaborate with others. Due Date: Upload your finished document to Canvas by the posted due date. Click here...

CIVIL WAR CAFE Instructions: In lieu of reading Chapters 12 and 13 in their entirety, please complete the following learning menu. This is an individual activity; you are not permitted to collaborate with others. Due Date: Upload your finished document to Canvas by the posted due date. Click here to learn about what soldiers during the Civil War ate. Hint: it didn’t taste good. Just look at the faces above! Note: Here are your LEQ prompts for Unit 5. Appetizer ~ Select One ORGANIZER: THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR (LEQS 3, 4, 5) Fill out this organizer to better understand the long term and short term causes of the Civil War. Use the index in GML! to find definitions for each of terms, Khan Academy, or The American Yawp (ch. 11-15). VENN DIAGRAM: ANTI-SLAVERY VS. ABOLITION (LEQ 1) Create a Venn Diagram (by hand or using this generator, Canva, or Google Slides) to visualize the similarities and differences between the Anti-Slavery Argument and Abolition. Both were “against” slavery, but for very different reasons. Read “Black and White Abolitionism,” “Free Soil Appeal,” and “The Free Labor Ideology” sections of GML! Ch. 13 to answer this. Main Course ~ Select Both ANTEBELLUM REFORM MOVEMENTS (LEQ 2) Course 1: Primary Source Analysis To answer these questions and contextualize the primary sources, read the sections on reform in ch. 12 or this excerpt from The American Yawp. Reform Movement 1: Temperance Source: N. Currier, “Tree of Temperance” and “Tree of Intemperance,” 1849 (Click on the image below for a high res version) According to Currier, what were the effects of rampant alcoholism? Explain the context for the Temperance Movement. Currier's Tree of Intemperance (left) shows the results of uncontrolled alcoholism: poverty, crime, family breakdown, and moral decay. In contrast, the Tree of Temperance (right) presents sobriety as the path to health, wealth, and happiness. Originating in the early 1800s, the Temperance Movement was a response to the general abuse of alcohol, where moral and religious reformers called for abstinence to improve individuals and society. Reform Movement 2: Humanitarian Issues Source: Dorothea Dix eyewitness testimony before the Massachusetts state legislature in 1843 after her visits to jails where she recorded and chronicled various abuses.. Note: Lincoln, Medford, etc. are the names of Massachusetts towns. Lincoln. A woman in a cage. Medford. One idiotic subject chained, and one in a close stall for seventeen years. Pepperell. One often doubly chained, hand and foot; another violent; several peaceable now. Granville. One often closely confined; now losing the use of his limbs from want of exercise. Dedham. The insane disadvantageously placed in the jail. In the almshouse, two females in stalls, situated in the main building; lie in wooden bunks filled with straw; always shut up. One of these subjects is supposed curable. The overseers of the poor have declined giving her a trial at the hospital, as I was informed, on account of expense. What conditions motivated Dorothea Dix to seek reform? Dorothea Dix started her reform after she witnessed inhumane conditions for mentally ill patients. These included them being caged, chained, and confined for years without being allowed to exercise. Most were confined with criminals in jails or left in unsanitary almshouses. These abuses reflected neglect, improper treatment, and a scarcity of resources due to financial factors that urged her toward the call for humane care and appropriate facilities. Reform Movement 3: The Rights of Women Source: The Declaration of Sentiments, 1848 The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. He has withheld from her rights which are given to the most ignorant and degraded men - both natives and foreigners. Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead. He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. In the covenant of marriage, she is compelled to promise obedience to her husband, he becoming, to all intents and purposes, her master - the law giving him power to deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement. He has so framed the laws of divorce, as to what shall be the proper causes of divorce; in case of separation, to whom the guardianship of the children shall be given, as to be wholly regardless of the happiness of women - the law, in all cases, going upon the false supposition of the supremacy of man, and giving all power into his hands. After depriving her of all rights as a married woman, if single and the owner of property, he has taxed her to support a government which recognizes her only when her property can be made profitable to it. He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments, and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty remuneration. He closes against her all the avenues to wealth and distinction, which he considers most honorable to himself. According to the Declaration of Sentiments, what inequalities did American women face? How does this statement represent continuities and/or changes from previous gender roles and experience? The Declaration of Sentiments describes the inequalities that American women faced. Examples of these are the denial of voting rights, their husbands controlling their property and money, and their husbands having legal control of them. Women were also not given opportunities for professional work as they received low wages and had no right to legal and political representation. These inequalities reflect the long standing stereotypes regarding gender roles and show how strong the demand for equal rights was. COURSE 2: MANIFEST DESTINY (LEQS 3, 5) Answer each question in a paragraph of at least 3-5 sentences. Read the sections about Manifest Destiny in GML! or “Manifest Destiny: Introduction” and answer the questions below: Define Manifest Destiny in your own words. Manifest Destiny was the belief in the 19th century that God ordered the US to expand across North America. It was viewed as a way to spread democracy and American values to new territories and was also used as a way to justify westward expansion and the displacement of Native American and Mexican people off US land. What were arguments in support of Manifest Supporters of Manifest Destiny argued that Destiny? westward expansion would create more economic opportunities such as farming, mining, and trade, which in turn would spread Christianity and democracy to “less-civilized” nations. Expansion was also seen as a way to gain more land for settlers and increase the nation’s power. What were arguments critical of Manifest Adversaries of Manifest Destiny saw it as a form Destiny? of aggressive and unjust expansion that was taking land from Native Americans and Mexico. Many people believed slavery would spread into these new territories, worsening national divisions and violating American ideals of freedom and equality. Some northern abolitionists and politicians argued that it was just an excuse for war and land theft, with disregard for the rights of the people already there. Describe the western settlers and their Western settlers were mostly farmers, laborers, motivations for migration. and families who were looking for new opportunities to better their lives. Many were attracted to promises of fertile farmland, economic prosperity, and the chance to own land under policies like the Homestead Act. Others moved westward to get away from poverty, overcrowded cities, or even religious oppression. Analyze John Gast’s Painting, American Progress, 1872 by answering the questions below: Connect: What previous ideas, ideologies, events, This picture reflects Manifest Destiny, or the etc. that we have already discussed are belief that Americans were destined to expand referenced or symbolized in this image the country westward across North America. The angel in the image represents progress, carrying across telegraph wires, innovative technology at the time, and spreading light on the land. The settlers, railroads, and wagons in the image show westward migration and industrialization, while Native Americans and wildlife are shown running away into the dark, which represents their displacement. Extend: What new understandings of Manifest The painting emphasizes that Manifest Destiny Destiny can you glean from this painting? Your not only represented the expansion of territory response should include specific references to but also the spreading of culture and technology. The angelic figure is carrying telegraph wires and imagery in the painting. books, symbolizing the spread of education, communication, and civilization. The brightness and organization of the East, contrasted with the dark and uncivilized West, suggests that expansion was also about bringing light and order to "uncivilized" lands. It points out how settlers justified displacing Native Americans and using the land for religious purposes. Challenge: How does this painting challenge your This painting challenges my understanding of understanding of American history? Or, what American history by portraying westward questions do you have about this image? expansion as mostly positive and progressive. It doesn’t show the violence, displacement, and suffering of Native Americans and Mexicans who were already present on the land. It does show Native Americans running away, but they do not seem “forced” out, they look like they are following the angel away from the land. Why are the Native Americans shown as following this angel rather than being chased away by it? The painting romanticizes Manifest Destiny without depicting its atrocities. Read the sections about the Mexican American War in GML! Or, watch “What Was the Mexican American War?” and answer the questions below: How was the Mexican American War a war about The Mexican-American War related to Manifest Manifest Destiny? Destiny in a few ways. President James K. Polk, a supporter of Manifest Destiny, wanted to add more territory to the United States. When Mexico would not sell the land for $30 million, Polk provoked conflict by sending troops to a disputed area along the Texas and Mexico border. After proclaiming war and defeating Mexico, the United States could justify its territorial growth as a part of the "destiny" to spread the American ideal, religion, and economic opportunity across the continent. What impact did the Mexican American War have The Mexican-American War was the cause of one on the US? of the biggest territorial expansions of the United States. By the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico gave a third of its territory to the United States, including present-day California, Texas, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. This expansion provided more land for settlement and new economic opportunities, further encouraging westward migration. It launched the careers of important figures in US history such as Zachary Taylor, Robert E. Lee, and Ulysses S. Grant. The war, however, also worsened divides within the US by creating debates on whether slavery would be allowed in new territories. This, unfortunately, set up the country for the Civil War. Read the sections about the Kansas-Nebraska Act in GML! Or, watch “How One Piece of Legislation Divided a Nation” and answer the questions below: What were the provisions of the The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, proposed by Kansas-Nebraska Act? Senator Stephen A. Douglas, divided a large area of unorganized territory into two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska. The settlers in these new territories were allowed to decide for themselves, via popular vote, whether or not slavery was to be allowed. This essentially went against the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which had prohibited slavery north of the 36°30' line. Although the act was passed to organize Western territories and calm Southern politicians, it divided the country. What were the arguments for and against the Supporters of the act believed it maintained Kansas-Nebraska Act? democracy as it allowed settlers in each new state to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery. They claimed it protected the political rights of the people and promoted westward expansion. Opponents of the act, especially in the North (antislavery), argued that the act went against the Missouri Compromise and feared that it would expand slavery across the entire country. What was Bleeding Kansas and what were the Bleeding Kansas was a violent conflict between conflicts that led to it? pro and antislavery supporters in, then new, Kansas Territory. Pro-slavery Missourians, known as Border Ruffians, crossed into Kansas to fraudulently vote and “intimidate” antislavery settlers. In turn, Northern abolitionists urged migration to Kansas as a means of blocking slavery. Tensions escalated into violence, including events like the Pottawatomie Massacre of 1856, where John Brown and his followers killed pro-slavery settlers. This whole conflict resulted in over 50 deaths and symbolized popular sovereignty was failing and the rise of sectional tensions. Based on the readings, documentary clips, and primary sources answer in a paragraph of 6 sentences or more, what were the relationships between the Market Revolution, Manifest Destiny, and the rise of Sectionalism (aka regional differences)? Market Revolution, Manifest Destiny, and the rise of sectionalism were all powerful influences that sculpted the United States during the mid-19th century. In many ways, the Market Revolution was the main push for industrialization as it created new transportation systems, like railroads. This led to a growing capitalist economy and a strong desire to move west for markets, land, and new opportunities. Manifest Destiny provided ideological justification for this expansion. When the United States defeated Mexico in the Mexican-American War, new western territories spread across the nation. These territories, though, reignited sectional debates over slavery that would ultimately divide the nation. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was indicative of this tension. Popular sovereignty wasn’t a success, and out of it came violent acts such as the Bleeding Kansas incident. However, the North industrialized and moved toward a wage labor economy, but the South remained agrarian, dependent on slavery. These changes together set the stage for the growing division that eventually led to the outbreak of the Civil War. Dessert What is your biggest takeaway from each chapter? Answer in the form of a classroom-appropriate meme that draws either on imagery from the time period or relevant pop culture today.