HOTA 1840-1861 Notes PDF

**[Manifest Destiny ]** I. Territorial Expansion **[The Antebellum South]** I. Antebellum South A. Southern Population and difference between \"upper south\" and \"lower south\" B. Characteristics of the South C. Social Classes in Antebellum South 1\. Planters (think gone with the wind) 2\....

**[Manifest Destiny ]** I. Territorial Expansion **[The Antebellum South]** I. Antebellum South A. Southern Population and difference between \"upper south\" and \"lower south\" B. Characteristics of the South C. Social Classes in Antebellum South 1\. Planters (think gone with the wind) 2\. Small slaveholders 3\. Yeomen Farmers 4\. People of the Pine Barrens D. Southern Economy 1\. Southern Agriculture (look at map/ corn a major product as well- easy to grow in off-season 2. Graniteville Textile Co 3\. Tredegar Ironworks 4\. King Cotton and increase of slavery E. The Peculiar Institution 1\. Defense of Slavery (between 1830 and 1860 southern intellectuals constructed a defense of the institution as a positive good rather than a necessary evil a\. some found defenses of slavery in the bible b\. others tried to establish slavery as both an ancient and progressive institution by noting that the slave society of ancient Athens had produced Plato and Aristotle and that Romans slaveholders had laid the basis of western civilizations c\. George Fitzhugh (plantation owner) argued that the southern masters gave continuous care to their slave property, attending to their health, clothing and discipline d\. Slavery was essential to not only the Southern economy, but the Northern economy as well as textile mills depended on cotton. Therefore, to abolish slavery could mean economic devastation for the US e\. Better than the North's "Wage slavery". f\. whites are superior 2\. Is slavery "free labor"? a. Black Christianity \[Baptists or Methodists\]:\ \* more emotional worship services.\ \* spirituals. b. "Pidgin" or Gullah languages. c. Nuclear family with extended kin links,\ where possible. d. Importance of music in their lives. \[esp. spirituals\]. II\. The Abolitionist Movement A. Early Anti-Slavery 1\. The Quakers a. The first Americans to speak about on the evils of slavery were the Quakers---the religious group that thought that all people were equal in the eyes of God. b. Quakers such as Ben Franklin organized anti-slavery groups in places like Philadelphia c. The Revolution had a profound effect on the practice of slavery, as some of the rhetoric of the Revolution demanded that attention be given to enslaved Africans d. By 1804, all of the northern states had freed their slaves 2\. The American Colonization Society a. Founded in 1817 to create practical solution with reference to free blacks if slavery was ended. i. Recolonization was the solution: supported by many prominent Northerners and Southerners who were afraid that immediate emancipation would create a surplus of free blacks in American society---racist attitudes of the day a. Republic of Liberia established W. African Coast for former slaves in 1822. ii. 12,000 freed blacks transported over next four decades iii. Most blacks did not wish to be transplanted in an unfamiliar environment B. The Birth of the Abolitionist Movement i. The uncompromising Garrison advocated immediate abolition of slavery in every state and territory without compensating slaveowners. ii. In 1833, Garrison and other abolitionists founded the American Antislavery Society. iii. Garrison stepped up his attacks by condemning and burning the Constitution as a proslavery document i\. Greatest of the black abolitionists a\. Published *The North Star*, his own abolitionist newspaper. ii.. Former slave who escaped slavery at age 21. iii\. *Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass* c\. Harriet Tubman---helped over 300 slaves escape on the Underground RR after 1849. III\. National Impact **[Political Tensions, 1798-1850]** I. The Power of the Federal Government II\. Territorial Expansion **[The Union Breaks Down, 1850-1861]** I. The Breakdown of Compromise