Backup and Recovery Lesson 4 PDF

**Lesson 4: Backup and Recovery** **What is Backup?** - **Data backup** is the process of storing additional copies of your data in physical or virtual locations distinct from your data files in storage. - Typically, backup data includes all the data -- documents, media files, con...

**Lesson 4: Backup and Recovery** **What is Backup?** - **Data backup** is the process of storing additional copies of your data in physical or virtual locations distinct from your data files in storage. - Typically, backup data includes all the data -- documents, media files, configuration and registry files, machine images, etc. required to perform the workload on your server. - The main goal of backup is to generate a copy of the data that can be recovered if the primary data fails. Failure can be -- hardware or software failures, data corruption, or a human-initiated event such as an attack (virus or malware) or data deletion by an accident. **Types of Backups:** 1. **Full Backup** 2. **Differential Backup** 3. **Incremental Backup** 4. **Network Backup** 1. **Full Backup** - As the name implies, it backs up each and every file and folder (hard drives and more) on the system. - As the backup is full and complete, it takes longer and takes up more space than other backup options, but recovering lost data from the backup is much faster. 2. **Differential Backup** - These backups begin with a full backup, saving all of your files. - Then differential backups are performed, which save only the data that has changed since the previous full backup. - This saves a lot of time and resources compared to doing continuous full backups. - Its backups only save changes to files that changed as compared to the previous backup, and it also makes a copy of new files if any. - It also provides for a speedier restore time than incremental, although it requires more storage space 3. **Incremental Backup** - An incremental backup is similar to a differential backup, but it only includes the data that has changed since the last backup. - The differential backup, on the other hand, includes all data since the previous complete backup. - Although incremental backups need the least amount of storage space, they can take longer to retrieve data because they must be executed independently during a recovery. - However, because they are significantly smaller than full or differential backups, they usually require less restoral time. 4. **Network Backup** - It backs up a file system from one machine onto a backup device connected to another machine. - It is referred to as a remote or network backup. 1. CD and DVD 2. USB Sticks 3. USB Drives 4. Solid-State Drive (SSDs) 5. NAS (Network-Attached Storage) **Backup Tools and Technologies:** 1. **Built-In OS Tools** - **Windows Backup and Restore**: For personal or small business use. - **Linux rsync**: Command-line utility for file synchronization. 2. **Third-Party Solutions** - **VeeamBackup** & **Replication**: Widely used in virtualized environments. - **Acronis Cyber Protect**: Integrates backup with cybersecurity. - **Bacula**: Open-source backup software for enterprises. 3. **Cloud-Based** **Backup Services** - AWS Backup, Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive. - Use case: **Automatically** **syncing** **critical** **documents** to **cloud** **storage.** **Advantages of Backup:** - Protection against data loss. - Ensuring Smooth Workflow. - Enables recovery of previous data. - User can back up the data and delete if from their system to free the space or memory. **Backup Strategies** 1. **3-2-1 Rule:** - Keep **3 copies** of your **data**: **1 primary** and **2 backups** - **Store** **copies** on **2 different media types** (e.g., **[external drive]** and **[cloud]**) - **Keep** **1** **copy** **offsite** for **disaster** **recovery** - Example: - A law firm backs up legal documents to a NAS device and an offsite cloud service 2. **Grandfather-Father-Son (GFS) Method:** - Rotates backups: Daily (son), weekly (father), and monthly (grandfather). - Example: - An e-commerce site uses GFS to manage its transaction logs **Data Recovery** - **Data Recovery --** often **[known]** as a **[restore]**, is **required** **when** **data** is **no** **longer** **readable** or **corrupted** by a **malicious** **alteration**. - The **act**, **process**, or **occurrence** of **recovering** **data** **following** **inadvertent** **loss** or **corruption** is **known** as **recovery**. The **cost** of [**recovering** **data**] is **[high.]** - Example: - Recuva is a data recovery tool. Using Recuva you can restore lost and deleted files **Recovery Procedures** - **Individual File Recovery:** - **[Restoring]** a [**single** **corrupted**] or **accidentally** **deleted** **file** - Example: - Recovering a deleted client contract from the backup - **System Recovery:** - [**Rebuilding**] an [**entire** **system**] **from** a [**full** **back** **up**] **after** [**hardware** **failure**]. - Example: - Using a bootable recovery disk to reinstall a server OS and data - **Testing Recovery:** - **[Regularly]** **[verify]** the **[integrity]** of **backups** by **performing** **test** **recoveries**. - **Ex** ample: - Simulating a data loss event to ensure backups are functional. **Steps in Recovery Process:** 1. **Identify the Issue:** - **Determine** the **cause** **of** **data** **loss** or **corruption** 2. **Select the Appropriate Backup:** - **Based** on the **required** **data** and **recovery** **point** 3. **Restore:** - For **[files]**: **Restore** **[specific]** **[folders]**/**[files]**. - For **[systems]**: **[Perform]** a **[full]** **[system]** **[restore]** 4. **Validate** - **[Ensure]** **[data]** **[integrity]** and that the **[system]** **[functions]** as **[expected.]**