Backup and Recovery PDF

Backup and Recovery  System Administration and Maintenance Backup and Recovery By the end of this module learners will be able to: Understand key concepts and terminologies related to backup and recovery. Identify types of ba...

Backup and Recovery  System Administration and Maintenance Backup and Recovery By the end of this module learners will be able to: Understand key concepts and terminologies related to backup and recovery. Identify types of backups and their use cases. Learn how to set up, manage, and verify backups. Recognize the role of recovery in disaster recovery planning.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup What is Backup? Data backup is the process of storing additional copies of your data in physical or virtual locations distinct from your data files in storage. Typically, backup data includes all the data – documents, media files, configuration and registry files, machine images, etc. required to perform the workload on your server. The main goal of backup is to generate a copy of the data that can be recovered if the primary data fails. Failure can be – hardware or software failures, data corruption, or a human-initiated event such as an attack (virus or malware) or data deletion by an accident.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Types of Backups: 1. Full Backup: As the name implies, it backs up each and every file and folder (hard drives and more) on the system. As the backup is full and complete, it takes longer and takes up more space than other backup options, but recovering lost data from the backup is much faster.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Types of Backups: 2. Differential Backup: These backups begin with a full backup, saving all of your files. Then differential backups are performed, which save only the data that has changed since the previous full backup. This saves a lot of time and resources compared to doing continuous full backups. Its backups only save changes to files that changed as compared to the previous backup, and it also makes a copy of new files if any. It also provides for a speedier restore time than incremental, although it requires more storage space.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Types of Backups: 3. Incremental Backup: An incremental backup is similar to a differential backup, but it only includes the data that has changed since the last backup. The differential backup, on the other hand, includes all data since the previous complete backup. Although incremental backups need the least amount of storage space, they can take longer to retrieve data because they must be executed independently during a recovery. However, because they are significantly smaller than full or differential backups, they usually require less restoral time.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Types of Backups: 4. Network Backup: It backs up a file system from one machine onto a backup device connected to another machine. It is referred to as a remote or network backup.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Backup Devices: 1. CD and DVD 2. USB sticks 3. USB Drives 4. Solid-state drives (SSDs) 5. NAS (network-attached storage)  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Backup Tools and Technologies: 1. Built-In OS Tools: Windows Backup and Restore: For personal or small business use. Linux rsync: Command-line utility for file synchronization. 2. Third-Party Solutions: Veeam Backup & Replication: Widely used in virtualized environments. Acronis Cyber Protect: Integrates backup with cybersecurity. Bacula: Open-source backup software for enterprises. 3. Cloud-Based Backup Services: AWS Backup, Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive. Use case: Automatically syncing critical documents to cloud storage.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Advantages of Backup: Protection against data loss. Ensuring smooth workflow. Enables recovery of previous data. User can back up the data and delete it from their system to free the space or memory.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Backup Strategies: 1. 3-2-1 Rule: Keep 3 copies of your data: 1 primary and 2 backups. Store copies on 2 different media types (e.g., external drive and cloud). Keep 1 copy offsite for disaster recovery. Example: A law firm backs up legal documents to a NAS device and an offsite cloud service.  System Administration and Maintenance Backup Backup Strategies: 2. Grandfather-Father-Son (GFS) Method: Rotates backups: Daily (son), weekly (father), and monthly (grandfather).Example: An e-commerce site uses GFS to manage its transaction logs.  System Administration and Maintenance Recovery Data Recovery Data recovery, often known as a restore, is required when data is no longer readable or corrupted by a malicious alteration. The act, process, or occurrence of recovering data following inadvertent loss or corruption is known as recovery. The cost of recovering data is high. Example: Recuva is a data recovery tool. Using Recuva you can restore lost and deleted files.  System Administration and Maintenance Recovery Recovery Procedures: Individual File Recovery: Restoring a single corrupted or accidentally deleted file. Example: Recovering a deleted client contract from the backup. System Recovery: Rebuilding an entire system from a full backup after hardware failure. Example: Using a bootable recovery disk to reinstall a server OS and data. Testing Recovery: Regularly verify the integrity of backups by performing test recoveries. Example: Simulating a data loss event to ensure backups are functional.  System Administration and Maintenance Recovery Steps in Recovery Process: 1. Identify the Issue: Determine the cause of data loss or corruption. 2. Select the Appropriate Backup: Based on the required data and recovery point. 3. Restore: For files: Restore specific folders/files. For systems: Perform a full system restore. 4. Validate: Ensure data integrity and that the system functions as expected.  System Administration and Maintenance Learning Activity Answer the following questions: 1. Imagine your company’s primary server crashed. How would you plan to recover its data within the shortest time possible? 2. What backup strategies do you think are most effective for small businesses versus large enterprises? 3. Have you or someone you know experienced data loss? How was it managed, and what could have been done better?  System Administration and Maintenance Learning Activity Answer the following questions: 1. Imagine your company’s primary server crashed. How would you plan to recover its data within the shortest time possible? 2. What backup strategies do you think are most effective for small businesses versus large enterprises? 3. Have you or someone you know experienced data loss? How was it managed, and what could have been done better?