Algae PDF

Unicellular, filamentous forms without Algae roots. Lack vascular systems, leaves, and stems. Mostly eukaryotic, except cyanobacteria (Spirulina)....

Unicellular, filamentous forms without Algae roots. Lack vascular systems, leaves, and stems. Mostly eukaryotic, except cyanobacteria (Spirulina). Bioremediation: Clean up polluted water bodies. Rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. IICT highlighted CGF for food applications. Examples: Green algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates. Primary producers, essential for aquatic food webs. Capable of fixing nitrogen (Nostoc, Anabaena). CSCAF Evaluates Indian cities' climate preparedness. Focus areas: urban planning, green cover. Assesses energy use and green buildings. Mobility, air quality, water management. Waste management efficiency is evaluated. CSCAF 1.0 introduced in 2019. CSCAF 2.0 introduced in 2020. MoHUA oversees the CSCAF initiative. NIUA is the implementing agency. Montreal Protocol India actively eliminates HCFCs in manufacturing. Kigali Amendment (2016) restricts HFC production/use. Ozone Secretariat located in Nairobi, Kenya. World Ozone Day 2024 theme: "Ozone for Life." COP28 held in Dubai, UAE (December 2023). UNFCCC has 197 parties, and facilitates COP28. Good ozone refers to ozone found in the stratosphere, a layer of Earth's atmosphere located 10-30 kilometers above the surface.  $736.4 million allocated for Global Environment Facility environmental protection. GEF meeting in Washington, D.C., June 2024. Established during 1992 Rio Earth Summit. Addresses biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution. 184 member countries, including India. GEF council has 32 members from various constituencies. GEF secretariat based in Washington, D.C. Supports five major international environmental conventions. Minamata Convention on Mercury. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Recombinant Proteins Indian Institute of Science developed. Proteins encoded by recombinant DNA technology. Cloned in expression vectors for gene expression and translation of mRNA. Gene modification can produce mutant proteins. Manipulated form of native protein structure. Used to increase protein production efficiency. Created by fusing non-native gene sequences. Includes vaccine antigens, insulin, antibodies. Mass-produced in bacterial, viral, mammalian cells. Grown in large bioreactors for production. Yeast Pichia pastoris is widely used Phenome India-CSIR Health Cohort Phenome India Knowledgebase (PI-CheCK) — Council of Scientific and Industrial Research  (CSIR), launched on 7th December Project 2023. aims to develop India-specific risk prediction models for cardio-metabolic diseases including diabetes, liver diseases, and cardiac diseases. Nearly 10,000 participants including CSIR employees, pensioners, and their spouses from across 17 states and 24 cities have contributed to the study. ○ The collected data includes clinical questionnaires, lifestyle and dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, imaging/scanning data, and extensive biochemical and molecular data. To recognize self regulatory organisation for Framework for recognising self regulatory organisation in the fin tech sector. Recognising Fintech = entities providing technological Self-Regulatory solutions for delivery of financial products and services Organisation for the SRO-FT will be industry-led, enforcing standards. FinTech Sector Must promote ethical conduct and market integrity. Applicants should be a not-for-profit (SRO-FT) company. No entity can hold 10% or more shares. Minimum net worth of ₹2 crore required. One-third of board members must be independent. Majority non-independent directors from unregulated FinTechs. Must establish infrastructure to manage user harm. SRO cannot open branches outside India. RBI can nominate observers to the SRO-FT board. UPI UPI is a real-time digital payment system. Developed by NPCI, regulated by RBI. Launched on April 11, 2016. Enables peer-to-peer inter-bank transfers. Uses a two-click factor authentication process. Nepal First launch. Soon to be launched in Mauritius and Sri Lanka. NPCI Umbrella Organisation for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India. initiative of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Indian Banks’ Association (IBA)(((Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, )) Promoted by 10 major banks. Regulatory body headquarter - Mumbai.