MRI Exam Types PDF

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) GROUP 5 Cabel, Erika Jane E. Rayos, Alicia Kyla I. Aldovino, Nica Zyren R. Papasin, Margaret Jane L. Martinez, Winzeimere E. Flores, Andrae Caesar A. Villanueva, Laica D. Lujario, Sam M. Garachico, Justin Cedrick What Is MRI? MRI is an acronym which means Magne...

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) GROUP 5 Cabel, Erika Jane E. Rayos, Alicia Kyla I. Aldovino, Nica Zyren R. Papasin, Margaret Jane L. Martinez, Winzeimere E. Flores, Andrae Caesar A. Villanueva, Laica D. Lujario, Sam M. Garachico, Justin Cedrick What Is MRI? MRI is an acronym which means Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRI is a type of diagnostic test that can create detailed images of nearly every structure and organ inside the body. MRI uses magnets and radio waves to produce images on a computer. MRI does not use ionizing radiation. Images produced by an MRI scan can show organs, bones, muscles and blood vessels. MRI is based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).  HISTORY AND EVOLUTION 1930s: 1940s: 1955: 1969: 1972: Isidor Isaac Rabi Felix Bloch and Gunnar Lindström Dr. Raymond Damadian filed the developed nuclear Edward Purcell and Erik Odeblad Damadian first MRI magnetic studied magnetic found different demonstrated that technology patent. resonance (NMR) resonance in solids tissues interact with magnetic resonance to measure atomic and liquids. water molecules could distinguish magnetic uniquely using cancerous from non- properties. NMR. cancerous cells.  HISTORY AND EVOLUTION 1974s: 1977: 1978: 1980: 1985: Damadian's MRI The first human Damadian founded MRI machines FONAR introduced patent was MRI image —a FONAR became the first mobile MRI approved, leading cross-section of Corporation, commercially unit. to the Damadian's creating the first available for development of a postgraduate commercially medical imaging. full-body MRI assistant Larry available MRI machine. Minkoff's chest— machine. was produced. MRI MACHINE MACHINE TYPES The Closed-bore MRI An MRI with a closed bore is the most conventional type available. Its field magnetic strength is also the strongest. The size of the aperture where the patient is positioned is one of the differences between an open and closed MRI. The patient's bed in a closed magnetic resonance imaging system is long and thin, like a capsule. This design limits patient movement. MACHINE TYPES The Open MRI Two flat magnets are positioned above and below the patient in open magnetic resonance imaging devices. This is perhaps, one of its most important features. These are ideal for some scan types, such brain scans, because the additional room makes patients more comfortable and allows them to have an unhindered view of the scanning area. MACHINE TYPES The Wide-bore MRI Wide-bore MRI indicates that its opening is larger than that of other MRI systems. More headroom and space are available for the patient as a result. For patients up to 550 pounds in weight or with broad shoulders, a wide-bore MRI equipment provides a more comfortable examination. The exam table height is lower, so it is easier to get onto the MRI table without using a step stool. As a result, claustrophobia is lessened and the MRI machine feels more open. MRI EXAM TYPES Abdominal MRI Bone and Joint MRI Brain and Spinal Cord MRI Functional MRI (fMRI) Cardiac MRI Chest MRI MRA (MR Angiography) MRV (MR Venography) Pelvic MRI MRI EXAM TYPES Abdominal MRI - cirrhosis - chronic kidney disease - renal vein thrombosis - proctitis - gallstone MRI EXAM TYPES Bone and Joint MRI - osteomyelitis - bone tumors - cartilage (meniscus injury) - torn ligaments (ACL injury) - bone infections MRI EXAM TYPES Brain and Spinal Cord MRI - brain aneurysm - brain tumors - spinal tumors - multiple sclerosis - homorrhage MRI EXAM TYPES Functional MRI (fMRI) - alzheimer's disease - epilipsy - chronic pain syndromes - tumors MRI EXAM TYPES Cardiac MRI - coronary artery disease - congenital heart disease - aortic aneurysm - pericarditis - blocked blood vessels MRI EXAM TYPES Chest MRI - chest wall tumors - pulmonary nodules - mediastinal masses - esophageal cancer - lung cancer MRI EXAM TYPES MRA (MR Angiography) - cerebral aneurysm - carotid artery disease - vasculitis - renal artery stenosis MRI EXAM TYPES MRV (MR Venography) - pulmonary embolism - pelvic congestion syndrome - venous malformations - vein thrombosis MRI EXAM TYPES Pelvic MRI - pelvic inflammatory disease - ovarian tumors - prostate cancer - uterine fibroids - rectal cancers DIFFERENCE FROM OTHER MODALITIES MRI vs. X-Ray Both MRIs and X-rays provide images of bones, organs, and other internal structures of the body. X-rays, which use radiation to produce images, are often used to get a better view of your bones, while MRIs are preferred for soft tissue images and don’t use any radiation. DIFFERENCE FROM OTHER MODALITIES MRI vs. CT scan Both MRIs and CT scans observe internal body structures; however, CT scan is faster and provides images of tissues, organs, and skeletal structure and almost half the expense of an MRI; while MRIs provide more detailed and sharper images, they also take too much time to scan. DIFFERENCE FROM OTHER MODALITIES MRI vs. Ultrasound MRIs and ultrasounds are image-guided diagnostic tools used by doctors to examine the body's internal structures. MRIs use magnets to produce 3D images, highlighting tissue changes indicating injury, while ultrasounds use high- frequency sound waves to produce images of organs and structures. DIFFERENCE FROM OTHER MODALITIES MRI vs. Mammography MRI is a more sensitive method than mammograms for detecting invasive and noninvasive cancers. It uses a magnet to image the breast, avoiding radiation exposure, and can detect tumors that mammography may miss. IMPORTANCE OF MRI 1. Accurate Diagnosis 2. Treatment Planning 3. Monitoring Progress 4. Non-Invasive 5. Early Detection ADVANTAGES 1. No radiation risks. 2. Not invasive. 3. Takes wide-ranging pictures. 4. Takes clear pictures. 5. Provides better soft tissue contrast. 6. Cover large portions of the body. 7. More repeatability. DISADVANTAGES 1. Expensive. 2. Claustrophobic. 3. Longer scanning time. 4. Loud noise. 5. Sedation required. 6. Reactions to the contrast agent. 7. False positive results.  USAGE OF MRI 1. The evaluation of pelvic pain in women, with causes including fibroids and endometriosis. 2. Breast cancer screening for women who face a high risk of breast cancer. 3. Determining the presence of cerebral vessel aneurysms. DISEASES/PATHOLOGY - anomalies of the brain and spinal cord - tumors, cysts, and other anomalies in various parts of the body - breast cancer screening for women - bone infections - injuries or abnormalities of the joints, such as the back and knee - certain types of heart problems - diseases of the liver and other abdominal organs - pelvic pain in women - suspected uterine anomalies in women undergoing evaluation for infertility QUIZ TIME IDENTIFICATION 1. It uses magnets and radio waves to produce images on a computer. 2. The principle on which MRI is based. 3. In what year did Isidor Isaac Rabi develop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to measure atomic magnetic properties? 4. The first human MRI image. 5. Type of radiation that MRI uses. MULTIPLE CHOICE 6. Which MRI machine type has larger opening to reduce claustrophobia? a. Closed-bore MRI b. Open MRI c. Wide-bore MRI d. Ultra-high-field MRI 7. Which type of MRI is ideal for brain scans due to the additional room and unhindered view? a. Closed-bore MRI b. Wide-bore MRI c. Low-field MRI d. Open MRI MULTIPLE CHOICE 8. What year was the first human MRI image produced? a. 1974 b. 1977 c. 1980 d. 1985 9. MRI scans are particularly better for imaging: a. Bones b. Soft tissues c. Teeth d. Lungs MULTIPLE CHOICE 10. Which imaging modality is considered more sensitive for detecting breast cancer? a. Ultrasound b. Mammography c. MRI d. CT scan ENUMERATION 11-12. 2 advantages of MRI 13-14. 2 disadvatages of MRI 15. 1 type of MRI exam