Radiology Department In Clinical Settings PDF

Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Everyone must be held responsible to beat the coronavirus We must strictly adhere to safety protocols to curb the resurgence of virus Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging Radiology department in clinical settings Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imagi...

Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Everyone must be held responsible to beat the coronavirus We must strictly adhere to safety protocols to curb the resurgence of virus Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging Radiology department in clinical settings Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging Slide 1 fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Diagnostic imaging Modalities Plain x-rays Which of these modalities use ionizing radiation? Fluoroscopy Mammography Nuclear Medicine,conventional,Spect/Pet Ultrasound CT Scan MRI Angiography fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Three things can happen X-rays can: – Pass all the way through the body – Be deflected or scattered – Be absorbed Where on this image have x-rays passed through the body to the greatest degree? fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win 5 Basic Radiographic Densities 1. Air Fat Soft tissue/fluid Mineral Metal 2. 4. 5. 3. Name these radiographic densities. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Plain x-ray's Indications X-ray chest. Chest trauma,Infection,Tumour X-ray abdomen. Acute abdomen,eg Renal Colic,Obstruction,tumour and infection Bone x-ray.Bone fracture,Infection and tumours. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win AP and PA chest positions fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Chest PA view Chest AP view fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Ultrasound fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win US Indications: OB/GYN.Evaluation of Ist,secnd and third trimester pregnancy Congenital Anamolies. Evaluation of placenta previa and haemorrhages Evaluation of gyenacological diseases. Abdominal indications. Muscuskeletal indicaions Neonatal brain ultrasound. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Ultrasound Advantages 1. No ionizing radiation 2. Applicable to any plane 3. Cost-effective 4. Portable 5. Real-time imaging Disadvantages 1.Operator dependent 2. Can not penetrate every structure like bone and air containing organs fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Ultrasound fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win 3-4 D U/S images fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win CT Scan fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Computed Tomography fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win CT angiography Angiography images Rapid intravenous injection of contrast media result in significant opacification of blood vessels, which with multiplanner or 3D reconstruction, can be can be exploited to produce an angiogram. CT angiography along with MRA is gradually replacing conventional angiography fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win MRI fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win MRI Advantages of MRI Disadvantages Best for soft tissue imaging There is no ionizing radiation Procedure of choice for MSK It can be done for pregnant women with caution. Multiplanner so image can be taken in any plan with out changing the position of the patient. MR angiogram can be perform wit out introducing contrast media Expensive and time consuming Patient fear it and dislike it because it is a narrow place(claustrophobia). Now a days open MRI system has over come this problem Since it is magnetic no metal can be allowed Patient has to keep still during the producer. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win MRI continue Axial sagittal fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Contraindications Of MRI If There Is Cardiac pace maker Intracranial vascular clips Neurostimulators of any kind Intraocular metallic foreign body Ossicular implants Any metallic implants, rods, metal plates and pins. Heart failure Surgical clips on arteries and wire sutures fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win MR Angiography MRA Unlike CT angiography, MRA can done with out contrast. But in contrast enhanced MRA, contrast is often used to make blood vessel show up more clearly. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Fluoroscopy Utilizes X-Rays Real-time imaging Utilizes image intensifier May involves use of contrast agents fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Fluoroscopy X-ray beams from Mechanism: Continuous below patient, amplified by intensifier above patient; shown on high-resolution television screen  Provides real time moving image of internal structure.  Imaging reversed vs x-ray  Uses: Barium swallow to evaluate esophagus, small and large intestines, vessel catheter guidance fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Advantages Disadvantages Widely Available Inexpensive Functional and Anatomic No sedation required High radiation dose ingestion/injection of contrast Patient cooperation Time consuming fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Gastrointestional Fluoroscopy Esophogram /Barium Swallow Modified Barium Swallow Small Bowel Series Enteroclysis Contrast Enema fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Barium swallow spot films fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Hysterosalpingogram Used to evaluate endometrial canal and fallopian tubes Infertility and uterine anomalies Dye injected into cervical os under fluoro Injection continued with goal to opacify the fallopian tubes and spill contrast into peritoneum fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Nuclear Medicine (Scintigraphy) Bone Scan fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Radionuclide study Indications: Detection of bone infections, tumor and fractures. Thyroid diseases Cardiac Imaging e.g. perfusion images. Brain images. Tumor and infections. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. It is very similar to conventional nuclear medicine planar imaging using a gamma camera However, it is able to provide true 3D information which is then presented as cross sectional image. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win SPECT Scanner fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Mammography Mammography is the process of using low-energy X-rays (usually around 30 kVp) to examine the human breast and is used as a diagnostic and a screening tool. The goal of mammography is the early detection of breast cancer, typically through detection of characteristic masses and/or microcalcifications. fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win Diagnostic Mammogram For woman presenting with clinical evidence of breast disease, palpable mass or other symptom Uses specific projections to – Rule out cancer – Demonstrate suspicious area seen on screening mammogram fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win CC view ( lesion) fchs.ac.ae Stay Home-Stay Safe_ Commit to Win SEE YOU NEXT CLASS Slide 36 fchs.ac.ae