RPH STUDY.docx

**Social Science** -how societies work \- academic group of disciplines dedicated to examine human behavior, particularly, how individuals interact w/ each other, behave, develop as a culture and influence the world. \- is about SOCIETY and CULTURE *Findings in Social Science/Studies are used in...

**Social Science** -how societies work \- academic group of disciplines dedicated to examine human behavior, particularly, how individuals interact w/ each other, behave, develop as a culture and influence the world. \- is about SOCIETY and CULTURE *Findings in Social Science/Studies are used in;* - Urban design - Public policies - Marketing strategies - Education programs **3 Main Classes of Social Science;** 1. *Pure Social Science* 2. *Semi Social Science* 3. *Science with social implications* *Social Science is scientific as it uses scientific method.* **Scientific Method**- orderly way of solving problems **Main goal of social science is to improve** **CIVIC COMPETENCE**, *the ability to make sound, informed and well rounded decisions.* **Science** -a systematically organized body of knowledge on a particular subject. -from latin word "*scientia*" meaning knowledge. "*Scire*" means **know** **Man as an individual**- has body, soul, and mind **Man in society**- each has roles they play in society **Social Science Giants/Thinkers** - **Ibn Khaldun**- Father of Social Science - **Adam Smith**- Father of modern Economics - **Auguste Comte**- Father of Sociology -developed positivism. He believed society progresses through theological, metaphysical, and positive stages - **John Lock**- states that knowledge comes from sensory experience. -stated that legitimate government is based on social contract to protect human rights (life, liberly, property) - **Thomas** **Hobbes**- stated that life would be chaotic without a strong central authority -believed people would give up some freedom to a sovereign for security and order - **Baron de Montesquieu**- created "The Spirit of the Law", which argued for the separation of powers into; legislative, executive, and judicial. This is to safeguard political liberty, balance governance, and prevent tyranny. - **Giambattista Vico**- proposed history as a cyclical process of divine, heroic, and human stages. And that societies evolve through these phases, a reflection of universal pattern. - **3 Principal Architect of sociology and Modern Social Science** - **David Emile Durkheim**- argued that society stays stable when people share common beliefs and values (collective consciousness) and when individuals are connected to social institutions like family, religion, and education. \- Man needs unity and direction, or else suicide in considered. - **Karl Marx**- focused on class struggle and economic systems. He argued that capitalist (bourgeoisie) exploits workers (prolitarians), leading to revolutions. - **Max Weber**- analyzed rationalization and bureaucracy. He believed rational legal authority ensures efficient governance. -Studied social classes and social struggles.