Historical Sources PDF

Historical Sources – materials used for the Historical Criticism writing of history. External Criticism Classifications Test of Authenticity 1. Published materials are materials that have been p...

Historical Sources – materials used for the Historical Criticism writing of history. External Criticism Classifications Test of Authenticity 1. Published materials are materials that have been published for public use, 1. Anachronistic Document Date – such as books, magazines, reading determining the date of the journals, travelogues or speech document to see whether they are transcripts. anachronistic or being out of time 2. Manuscripts are any handwritten or 2. Author – determining the authors typed record that has not been manuscript (handwriting), which printed, such as archival. materials, includes the signature of seals memoirs, and diaries. 3. Anachronistic Style – determining 3. Non-written sources, such as oral whether the idiom, orthography or history, artifacts, ruins, fossils, artworks, video and audio recordings. punctuation is anachronistic 4. Anachronistic Event Reference – Primary Sources – people or groups directly determining whether the event involved in the event mentioned is too early, too late, or - Either participants or too remote/distant witnesses 5. Provenance or Custody – - Eyewitness accounts, diaries, determining its genuineness letters, legal and official 6. Semantics – determining the documents, and photographs. meaning of the text, phrase, Categories: sentence, or word 7. Hermeneutics – determining the 1. Written Sources – written or published ambiguity by a firsthand eyewitness 2. Images – visual documents published Internal Criticism or made by eyewitness 3. Artifacts – materials made by a Tests of Credibility firsthand eyewitness 1. Author’s Identification – 4. Oral testimonies – documented determining the author’s reliability, conversations written or published by mental processes, personal firsthand witness attitudes, and relationships Secondary Sources – analyze and 2. Date Approximation – determining interpret primary sources the event’s date that must - may have pictures, quotes, verisimilar, if not exact, to the or graphics of primary actual date sources in them  3. Ability to Tell the Truth – determining the witness’ nearness to the event, competence, and degree of attention to attain verisimilar facts 4. Willingness to Tell the Truth – determining if the author consciously or unconsciously tells falsehood 5. Corroboration – determining if the piece of information receives, supports, or confirms a theory or findings, usually referred to historical facts Artifacts – material made by man that describes what culture belongs to, typically an item. Sociofacts - the ways in which people organize their society and relate to one another. - A sociofacts is the information, tradition, or event people associate with that artifact. Mentifacts – are the ideas, beliefs, and values that people hold on, see, and associate to an artifact. NOTE: ( THINK A SONG AS ARTIFACT, SOCIOFACTS AND MENTIFACTS) Historical Method – process of specific passage, usually influencing its systematically examining an account of meaning or effect what has happened in the past - The parts of a discourse that - Uses historical criticism to surround a word or passage evaluate historical sources and can throw light on its meaning Importance - The interrelated conditions 1. Finding Solutions for in which something exists or Contemporary Problems – enables occurs us to form solutions to The Author’s Perspective contemporary problems by seeking verisimilar information in the Background – a short history about the present into the past author’s life 2. Understanding the trends for Point of View – perspective used by the present and future – throws light on author that determines the approximate the trends today and gives “distance” of the author to the narrative he prediction on what might happen or she is writing 3. Understanding importance and repercussions found on cultures – Argument – also called purpose; the stresses the relative importance authors stand or opinion on the narrative and the effects of the various Attitude – almost similar to Argument, but interactions that are to be found reflects the mood more, which is observed within all cultures on how the author addressed his or her 4. Reevaluation of presented argument historical data and factoids – every information presented before is - Reflects the current reevaluated in relation to selected situation and emotion of the hypotheses, theories, and author in the material at the generalizations that aim to shed time it was written or made new light or verified information Content – the subjects or topics covered in a book or document - The matter dealt with in a field of study Context – the parts of a written or spoken statement that precede or follow a