RPH Report: First Voyage Around The World (PDF)

RPH  First Voyage Around The World Antonio Pigafetta Antonio Pigafetta's account of Ferdinand Magellan's first voyage around the world is a pivotal historical document, offering invaluable insights into the early encounters between Europeans and the Philippines. Pigafetta, an Ital...

RPH  First Voyage Around The World Antonio Pigafetta Antonio Pigafetta's account of Ferdinand Magellan's first voyage around the world is a pivotal historical document, offering invaluable insights into the early encounters between Europeans and the Philippines. Pigafetta, an Italian nobleman, served as a chronicler on the expedition, meticulously documenting his observations and experiences. The Journey Begins The voyage embarked in 1519 with a fleet of five ships, aiming to reach the Spice Islands (Moluccas) by sailing westward. Pigafetta's narrative details their encounters with various indigenous populations, including the inhabitants of the Ladrones Islands (present-day Mariana Islands) who were known for their thievery. The expedition also encountered the natives of the island of Homonhon, where they celebrated the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines on Easter Sunday, March The Philippines and the Fate of Magellan Pigafetta's account provides a detailed description of Magellan's interactions with the rulers of various Philippine islands, particularly the island of Cebu. He recounts the "Sanduguan" (blood compact) ceremony performed by Magellan and Rajah Humabon, signifying a pact of friendship. However, the expedition's stay in the Philippines was marked by tragedy. Magellan, seeking to subdue a rebellious chieftain named Lapu- Lapu, met his demise in the Battle of Mactan on April 27, 1521. Pigafetta describes the fierce battle, highlighting the natives' tactics and their determination to defend their homeland. The Aftermath and Legacy Following Magellan's death, the remaining members of the expedition, under the leadership of Juan Sebastián Elcano, continued their journey around the world. The Victoria, the only ship to complete the circumnavigation, returned to Spain in 1522. Pigafetta's account, published after his return to Italy, became a seminal work in the history of exploration, providing a firsthand perspective on the challenges and triumphs of the first voyage around the world. Pigafetta's chronicle offers invaluable insights into the precolonial Philippines, detailing the customs, beliefs, and social structures of the indigenous populations. His account also sheds light on the early stages of European colonization, highlighting the complex interactions between the explorers and the native inhabitants. Pigafetta's work remains a vital source for understanding the historical significance of Magellan's expedition and its impact on the Philippines and the world. The KKK and the “Kartilya ng Katipunan” The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK), more commonly known as the Katipunan, was a revolutionary society founded in 1892 by Filipino patriots seeking independence from Spanish colonial rule. The Kartilya ng Katipunan was a crucial document that served as the organization's code of conduct and moral compass, outlining the values and principles that guided its members The Katipunan's Origins and Aims The Katipunan emerged as a response to the perceived failures of the Propaganda Movement, which advocated for reforms within the Spanish colonial system through peaceful means. The Katipunan, under the leadership of Andrés Bonifacio, embraced a more radical approach, ultimately aiming for complete independence  The Role of the Kartilya ng Katipunan The Kartilya, penned by Emilio Jacinto, a brilliant young Katipunero and close confidante of Bonifacio, served as a foundational document for the organization. It outlined the principles and values that members were expected to uphold, shaping their conduct and fostering a sense of unity and purpose. Key Principles of the Kartilya The Kartilya contained fourteen rules, which can be broadly categorized into two groups: Personal Morality: These rules emphasized the importance of individual virtue, integrity, and self-discipline. They encouraged members to live a life of purpose, to be charitable and compassionate, and to value honor above personal gain. Social Responsibility: These rules emphasized the importance of unity, patriotism, and the defense of the oppressed. They encouraged members to stand up against injustice, to protect the weak, and to work towards the betterment of their community and nation. The Kartilya's Impact The Kartilya played a crucial role in shaping the Katipunan's identity and fostering a strong sense of camaraderie among its members. It instilled in them a belief in the righteousness of their cause, a commitment to their ideals, and a willingness to sacrifice for their nation's freedom. The principles enshrined in the Kartilya continue to resonate with Filipinos today, serving as a reminder of the values that guided those who fought for their country's independence. Conclusion The KKK and the Kartilya ng Katipunan are inextricably linked. The Kartilya served as a moral compass for the Katipunan, defining its ideals and shaping the conduct of its members. It was a testament to the profound belief in the inherent worth of the Filipino people and their right to self-determination. The Kartilya's enduring relevance lies in its articulation of timeless values that continue to inspire Filipinos today, reminding them of the sacrifices made by those who fought for their nation's freedom.  The Proclamation of the The Proclamation of Philippine Independence refers to the declaration made by Filipino revolutionary Leader General Emilio Aguinaldo on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. This proclamation marked the country's independence from Spanish colonial rule. The declaration asserted the Filipino people's right to self- governance and sovereignty, officially declaring the Philippines as a free and independent nation. The Proclamation of Philippine Independence symbolizes the culmination of the Filipino people's long struggle for freedom and self-determination. It serves as a pivotal moment in Philippine history, signifying the beginning of a new era of independence and national identity. The document embodies the aspirations and sacrifices of the Filipino patriots who fought for liberty and sovereignty. The proclamation is a significant milestone in the country's journey towards nationhood, highlighting the courage and resilience of the Filipino people in their quest for independence. It stands as a testament to the unwavering spirit of the Filipino nation and its enduring commitment to upholding the principles of freedom, democracy, and unity. There are two important proclamations in Philippine history: 1.The Proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898: This was the first declaration of independence from Spain, led by General Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite. 2.The Proclamation of Philippine Independence on July 4, 1946: This was the official recognition of Philippine independence by the United States, after World War II. Proclamation of Philippine Independence (June 12, 1898) This proclamation was made by General Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the revolutionary forces fighting against Spain. It declared the Philippines a free and independent nation, no longer under Spanish rule. The proclamation was a significant moment in Philippine history, marking the end of centuries of Spanish colonial rule and the beginning of a new  Philippine Political Caricature of the American Political cartoons during the American era in the Philippines were a powerful tool for expressing social and political commentary. They often targeted figures of authority and used symbolism to convey messages. Figure 1: "Uncle Sam's Porridge" (1907) · Source: Lipang Kalabaw · Artist: Unknown Description: The cartoon shows Uncle Sam, representing the United States, serving porridge to politicians and members of the Progresista Party (also known as the Federalista Party). Members of the Nacionalista Party look on, waiting for their turn. Interpretation: This caricature depicts the patronage system that was prevalent during the American era. The Progresista Party, which was generally more aligned with the American government, was favored with resources and support, while the Nacionalista Party, which advocated for greater Filipino autonomy, was marginalized. The cartoon highlights the political divide and the Significance: This caricature reflects the complex relationship between the Philippines and the United States during the American era. It shows how American influence extended beyond governance to include political patronage and the shaping of the Philippine political landscape. This is just one example of the many political cartoons that were created during the American era in the Philippines. These cartoons provide valuable insights into the social and political climate of the time, revealing the anxieties, aspirations, and struggles of the Filipino people as they navigated the transition from Spanish to American rule.  Corazon Aquino's Speech before the US Congress Corazon Aquino's speech before the US Congress on September 18, 1986, was a powerful and moving address that resonated deeply with the American audience and cemented her place as a global icon for democracy. Here's a revisiting of her speech, highlighting its key points: A Story of Loss and Resilience Aquino began her speech by recounting the tragic loss of her husband, Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., who was assassinated in 1983 after returning from exile. She spoke of his unwavering commitment to democracy and his fight against the Marcos dictatorship. This personal narrative immediately drew the audience into her story and established her as a figure of courage and resilience. A Plea for Democracy and Support Aquino then shifted to address the challenges facing the Philippines under her leadership. She spoke of the economic hardship, the communist insurgency, and the burden of a massive foreign debt inherited from the Marcos regime. She made a powerful plea for American support, emphasizing that the Filipino people were committed to democracy and needed help to preserve it. She argued that the US had a moral obligation to support the Philippines, a country that had fought for its own freedom and was now struggling to build a new democracy. A Vision for the Future Aquino concluded her speech by outlining her vision for a democratic Philippines. She emphasized her commitment to a new constitution that would uphold the rights and liberties of the Filipino people. She also spoke of her commitment to peace and reconciliation, seeking to address the communist insurgency through political means. Her speech conveyed a sense of hope and optimism for the future of the Philippines. Impact and Legacy Aquino's speech was a defining moment in her presidency and in the history of the Philippines. It garnered international attention and helped to solidify the legitimacy of her government. It also secured crucial support from the United States, which provided much-needed economic assistance to the Philippines. The speech remains a powerful testament to the strength of democracy and the enduring spirit of the Filipino people. It is often cited as an example of how a leader can use personal experience and a compelling vision to inspire others and build a better  Bohol Revolts during the Spanish Regime Bohol, a province in the Philippines, experienced two significant revolts during the Spanish regime: 1. The Tamblot Uprising (1621-1622) Leader: Tamblot, a babaylan (native priest) Motivation: Tamblot rallied the Boholano people against the Spanish, urging them to abandon Catholicism and return to their native beliefs. He promised prosperity and divine protection if they followed him. Outcome: The uprising was ultimately suppressed by Spanish forces, but Tamblot's resistance highlighted the Boholano people's desire to maintain their cultural and religious identity. 2. The Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1829) Leader: Francisco Dagohoy (also known as Francisco Sendrijas) Motivation: This rebellion was sparked by a Spanish priest's refusal to give a Christian burial to Dagohoy's father. Dagohoy demanded fairer treatment and a more just system, rallying the Boholanos against the Spanish. Outcome: The Dagohoy Rebellion, lasting for 85 years, is considered the longest uprising in Philippine history. It was eventually put down by Spanish forces, but Dagohoy's resistance left a lasting legacy. These revolts demonstrate the Boholano people's strong resistance to Spanish rule and their determination to preserve their cultural and religious traditions. They are a testament to the resilience and unwavering commitment of the Boholano people in their fight for freedom and self-determination. George Percival Scriven: An American in Bohol, Philippines George Percival Scriven was an American who documented his experiences in Bohol, Philippines, between 1899 and 1901. His diary, now available online through Duke University's Digital Scriptorium, provides a unique firsthand account of the early years of American occupation in the Philippines. Here's what we know about Scriven and his time in Bohol: Scriven's Role: He was part of the US occupying force in Bohol following the Spanish-American War. His diary entries reveal his observations of the island's landscape, people, and the transition from Spanish to American rule. The Diary: Scriven's diary is a mix of personal reflections and ethnographic observations. He details his daily life, encounters with locals, and his thoughts on the American occupation. It reveals his evolving understanding of the Filipino people and the complexities of the American presence. Scriven's Perspectives: The diary offers insights into the attitudes of Americans towards the Filipinos during this period. Scriven's writing showcases both curiosity and a sense of cultural superiority. He attempts to understand Filipino customs and traditions, yet also reflects the prevailing racial and cultural biases of the time. The Importance of Scriven's Diary: His diary provides a valuable primary source for understanding the American occupation of the Philippines. It offers a glimpse into the daily lives of American soldiers, the challenges they faced, and their interactions with the local population. The online collection of Scriven's diary and related photographs provides a fascinating window into a pivotal moment in Philippine history. It allows us to explore the experiences of an American in Bohol during a time of significant change and transition.  MINDANAO DEATH MARCH Mindanao Death March It is also known as the Iligan Death March or the Dansalan Death March, was a brutal forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war (POWs) during World War II. It took place on July 4, 1942, under the oppressive rule of the Japanese Imperial Army. Background: After the surrender of American and Filipino forces in Bataan and Corregidor, the Japanese demanded the surrender of all remaining US and Filipino troops in Mindanao. On May 26, 1942, around 46 Americans and 300 Filipinos under Brigadier General Guy O. Fort surrendered in Dansalan (now Marawi City), Lanao. The Japanese declared them "guests of the emperor" and not POWs, but their treatment was far from hospitable. They were subjected to abuse, beatings, and looting.  The March: On July 4, 1942, the POWs were forced to march from Dansalan to Iligan, a distance of approximately 36 kilometers (25 miles). The march was dubbed the "Independence Day March" in a cruel mockery of the American holiday. The POWs were forced to walk under the scorching tropical sun, without food or water. Those who fell behind were shot in the forehead to prevent them from joining the guerrillas. The Filipinos, who were forced to walk barefoot, suffered excruciating pain from the hot, rocky road.  Aftermath: The POWs were held overnight in a school building in Iligan before being transported to Camp Casisang in Malaybalay, Bukidnon, where they joined other POWs from Mindanao. The Japanese continued to loot and abuse the POWs, even confiscating their belongings and valuables. Significance: The Mindanao Death March was a horrific example of Japanese brutality and war crimes. It is a lesser-known event compared to the Bataan Death March, but it was equally brutal and tragic. The march highlights the suffering endured by both American and Filipino POWs during the Japanese occupation. It is a reminder of the importance of remembering and honoring those who fought and suffered during World War II.  Remembering the Victims: The Mindanao Death March is a significant part of Philippine history and a reminder of the sacrifices made by Filipinos and Americans during World War II. It is important to remember the victims of this atrocity and to ensure that their stories are not forgotten. The Mindanao Death March is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the enduring struggle for freedom and justice. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!