RPH Encounter and Metamorphosis of Indio (Continuation) PDF

RPH [There are some footnotes to observe in this document for further explanation, based on recordings] Encuentro and the Metamorphosis of Indio (Continuation) From slide 8 to 20 [POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS] REINO DE...

RPH [There are some footnotes to observe in this document for further explanation, based on recordings] Encuentro and the Metamorphosis of Indio (Continuation) From slide 8 to 20 [POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS] REINO DE ESPAÑA VICEREAL DE VICEREAL DE NUEVA PERU ESPAÑA COLONIAS DE COLONIAS DE FILIPINAS MEXICO LA LA Compared to other countries that they colonized, Philippines didn’t learn their language because, the Spanish colonizers didn’t implement the laws that the King made. b. REAL y SUPREMO CONSEJO DE LAS INDIOS - Administer / monitors the laws being implemented in their colonized countries. (recopilacion de leyes de los reynos de los indias) a. GOBERNADOR Y CAPITAN GENERAL - Purely executive (nagpapatupad ng batas) - Commander in chief in terms of [war] [COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION] In the Philippines. GOBIERNO PACIFIED / TAMED CENTRAL CITY/ SIYUDAD GOBERNADOR Y CAPITAN GENERAL UNPACIFIED STEP ONE STEP TWO STEP THREE CORREGIMIENTOS ALCADIAS AYUNTAMIENTO CORREGIDOR ALCALDE MAYOR CABILDOS PUEBLOS / PUEBLOS / PUEBLOS / MUNICIPIO MUNICIPIO MUNICIPIO GOBERNADORCILLO GOBERNADORCILLO GOBERNADORCILLO - Hindi dapat gumagawa ng bagong batas ang high hierarchy, top position. POSITION (COLONIAL ADM.) FUNCTION - Gobernador y Capitan General - Siguruhin ang paglawig ng pagbubuo ng church plaza complexes / siguruhin ang mga tao ay nananampalataya sa simbahang katoliko. - Commander in chief [war] - Archbishop - Maaring pumalit sa Gobernador y Capitan General, if MIA siya.  CLASSIFICATION OF PROVINCES (pagbubuo ng pueblo / municipio) PHASES CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION FIRST PHASE CORREGIMIENTOS - UNPACIFIED (LEAD: CORREGIDOR) - Kung saan pinapatay at pinahihirapan pa ang mga hindi sumusunod sa simbahan ng mga puwersang military. [corregidor] SECOND PHASE ALCADIAS - PACIFIED (LEAD: ALCALDE MAYOR) - Lahat ay sumusunod, from being first phase classified province to being promoted. THIRD PHASE AYUNTAMIENTO - Nagkaroon na ng (LEAD: CABILDOS) mga management - siyudad staffs, dahil lumobo na ang populasyon ng isang probinsya. [cabildos]  PUEBLOS / MUNICIPIO (LEAD: GOBERNADORCILLO) o Gobernadorcillo: Little Governor  BARANGAY (LEAD: CABEZA DE BARANGAY/ HEAD OF BRGY.)  Cabeza de Barangay: All the stress falls on him because he is in the lowest position. Thus, he must please those above him in order to maintain his position as Cabeza. [Those in higher positions receive kickbacks when there are needs or collections from each province. The Cabeza de Barangay is under extreme stress due to the lack of funds and the higher demands for collection.]  PADRON: A tool used for all lists of remittances or reports of payments made. [Dahil malayo ang Pilipinas sa lahat ng mga nagmomonitor, malakas ang complase sa Pilipinas.]  COMPLASE – [Dictionary: to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely] refers to the pattern or vivid power of the Governor-General. 1He will accept the laws the King wishes to implement, but it is uncertain whether they can be enforced, as they always have an excuse not to implement them in the Philippines. For example: The teaching of the Spanish language, which was argued to be unnecessary for Filipinos to learn, because their own language was believed to lead them to heaven and enable them to communicate with God. [This was a clear attack on downgrading Filipinos.] [“Tú hablas español, tú hablas con Dios” means “You speak Spanish, you speak with God”]  RESIDENCIA/VISITA: 1The auditors of the performance of the Governor- Generals during the Spanish colonial period. They would approach those in positions of authority to inquire about the actions or policies being carried out by the Governor-General.]1 [The generals bribed the Church officials to help them maintain their power. As a result, the Church didn’t just dominate our souls, but also had control over the economic and political spheres.]2  FRAILOCRACIA: can be translated as "rule of the friars" or "friarocracy," a term used to describe the undue power and control held by Catholic friars during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.  LA SOBERANÍA MONACAL / MONASTIC SUPREMACY: describes a situation where religious orders, particularly the friars, had control over large portions of land, local governance, and the economic life of entire communities. [ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS]  [ORIG. IDEA] ENCOMIENDA DE (THE CROWN’S CONTROL): The idea was that the Spanish Crown should retain ultimate ownership of all lands in the colonies.  [WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED] ENCOMIENDA (LOCAL LAND CONTROL BY ENCOMENDEROS): Encomenderos, whether nobles or clergy, were granted control over the land and people within their encomiendas, and they extracted tribute or labor from the indigenous population. Over time, this led to the decentralization of control, where land was effectively "owned" by these encomenderos, not directly by the Crown. TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATIONS: The Filipino people were heavily taxed by the Spanish government, yet they had no representation in the decision-making process in Spain or even in the local government. CLASSIFICATION/ TYPES OF COLONIAL TAXATION: A. RENTAS ESCADAS: refers to the system of state-run monopolies in which the Spanish Crown controlled the production, distribution, and sale of certain goods, and collected taxes or profits from them. B. SAMBOANGAN AND DONATIVO DE ZAMBOANGA: These were contributions from the people of Zamboanga, typically for military defense or local governance. Women could have contributed by paying taxes or donating goods. C. VINTA AND FALUA: The imposition of taxes on boat ownership and use reflected the broader pattern of forced contributions from the Filipino population to support Spanish control, military efforts, and economic interests. D. BANDALA SYSTEM: where Filipino farmers had to sell their crops, often to the Church or the Spanish government, at unreasonably low prices. [The system led to financial exploitation, leaving farmers impoverished and unable to profit from their own labor, while the Spanish authorities and the Church benefitted from cheap goods.] E. INDULGENCIAS (INDULGENCES): were payments or donations made to the Church in exchange for spiritual benefits, such as the forgiveness of sins. These were sometimes  used as a form of taxation by the Catholic Church, which wielded immense power during the Spanish colonial period. F. [orig idea] POLO y SERVICIOS (FORCED LABOR)/ PRESTACION PERSONAL [what really happened]: The Polo y Servicio system was meant to be a regulated, temporary labor system to support public works, requiring Filipino men to work 40 days a year for the Spanish colonial government. In practice, the system was abused, with Filipinos forced into longer, harsher labor under corrupt officials. This system had devastating economic and social impacts, contributing to widespread resentment and revolutionary movements against Spanish rule.  If you can’t join the forced labor, you’ll pay a certain amount of money. [substitute/exemption] MANILA ACAPULCO GALLEON TRADE: Most of the wealth went to Spain, the Church, and the local elite, while ordinary Filipinos received little benefit. While the galleon trade brought some cultural exchange, ordinary Filipinos had little control over the process and didn’t gain much from it. Reinforcing colonial exploitation and contributing to the discontent that would later play a role in the Philippine struggle for independence. OBRAS PIAS: As charitable and religious foundations, were indeed involved in the financing of the Manila- Acapulco Galleon Trade by lending money or investing resources. While their primary role was religious and charitable, their economic activities, including financing the galleon trade, furthered the wealth accumulation of the Spanish and Catholic elite in the Philippines. This financial involvement reinforced the Church's power and played a part in the complex economic system of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. REAL SOCIEDAD ECONOMICA DE AMIGOS (1780-1805): Colonial degradation that sought to portray Filipinos as inferior and in need of Spanish “guidance” in areas like agriculture and commerce, despite the fact that many of these skills were already deeply embedded in Filipino culture long before colonization. [SOCIO CULTURAL INSTITUTION] IGLESIA CATOLICA:  Religion As The Center Of Every Indios Life [Catholicism became the dominant religion in the Philippines, and it was deeply integrated into the daily lives of the Filipino people. The Church played an essential role in spiritual guidance, social structure, and governance.]  The Friar As The Interpreter Of Gods Will The Spanish friars (members of various Catholic orders, such as Franciscans, Augustinians, Dominicans, and Jesuits) were often seen as mediators between God and the people. They were considered the spiritual authorities, tasked with ensuring that the Indios followed God’s will. The friars interpreted the teachings of the Church, imparted moral instruction, and regulated religious practices. They were not just spiritual leaders but also social and political figures, exerting significant influence over local communities.  Hispanization Process The Hispanization process was the systematic effort by the Spanish Crown and the Catholic Church to “civilize” and convert the Filipino people to Spanish culture, language, and religion. It was an essential part of the colonial project, and the Church was at the forefront of this effort.  Education (La Letra Con Sangre Entra) (literally, "the letter enters with blood") was often used to describe the harsh, authoritarian methods used by the Church in education. [The saying reflected the belief that learning (especially Christian doctrine) needed to be instilled with discipline and sometimes violence.]   3r’s Christian Doctrine The main goal of religious education was to instill Catholic values and ensure that Filipinos became good Christians. The Church’s interpretation of the Christian doctrine was enforced as the only valid belief system, with little room for indigenous faiths or other religious expressions. LEGACIES OF SPANISH COLONIZATION:  POLITICAL a. Centralized government – not trained to be united, forced to be united/ unitary ≠ unified b. High politicized church c. Weak state d. Politics of patronage - Patronage works on the principle of mutual benefit. Political leaders or officials offer material benefits, government positions, or other advantages to individuals or groups in exchange for support, such as voting for them in elections or providing political backing. e. Leader  Dealer  ECONOMIC a. Encomienda – nucleus of provinces b. Trope of retrogression c. Stunted potential developments d. A change in the nation of property  SOCIO CULTURAL a. Partial hispanization b. Bahay kubo - casa mestiza c. Baro’t saya vestida mestiza d. Cementerio e. Fiesta f. Compadrazgo system: (God parent sys.) was a traditional social and political system that became prominent during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. It was based on the practice of compadrazgo (literally, "co- parenting"), where two families or individuals formed a close, often lifelong, relationship through the act of baptism, marriage, or other ceremonial acts. This system had a profound impact on Filipino society, particularly in terms of social ties, family connections, and even political power. g. Theocentric literature and the arts h. Appropriated language