Philippine Military History PDF

HEADQUARTERS Department of Military Science and Tactics NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY, ROTC UNIT 203rd (NVz) Community Defense Center, 2RCDG, RESCOM Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE PHILI...

HEADQUARTERS Department of Military Science and Tactics NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY, ROTC UNIT 203rd (NVz) Community Defense Center, 2RCDG, RESCOM Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE PHILIPPINE MILITARY HISTORY HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AFP Pre-Spanish Occupation The first recorded organized resistance against foreign aggressors took place in the Visayas during the Battle of Mactan on 27 Apr 1521 when the native chieftain named Lapu- Lapu, the acknowledged father of the AFP fought against the Spaniards. HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE Spanish Occupation  Andres Bonifacio, who is considered as the father of the Philippine Army, founded a more radical group called the “Katipunan” on 7 Jul 1892  In August 23, 1896, the Cry of Pugad Lawin signaled the start of the Philippine Revolution against Spain  While Katipunan was gaining strength, two factions emerged – the Magdalo led by Aguinaldo and the Magdiwang led by Bonifacio.  On 22 Mar 1897, the Tejeros Convention was called to resolve the conflict between the two factions. As a result, Aguinaldo won the presidency. The occasion also gave birth to the Philippine Army. HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE American Influence  Americans convinced the Filipinos to cooperate with the Americans against Spain with the promise that the United States will grant independence to the Philippines.  In June 12, 1898, the Philippine Independence from Spain was declared in Kawit, Cavite. Later on, the Philippine Navy was created June 22, 1898 by the Revolutionary Army.  Philippine Military Academy was established on February 7, 1905  On December 21, 1935, the National Defense Act was enacted which officially created the Armed Forces of the Philippines.  The Philippine Air Force was later established on July 1, 1947 HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE The Japanese Occupation  the combined military forces of the United States and the Filipinos withdrew to Bataan for the implementation of War Plan Orange.  Un-abated Japanese strikes caused the fall of Bataan on April 9, 1942 and Corregidor on May 6, 1942. These events ended the organized resistance against the Japanese invasion. HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF THE ROTC IN THE PREVIOUS WARS The Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program has gone a long way in the Philippine history. The Commonwealth Act Number 1 otherwise known as the National Defense Act provided the legal basis for the conduct of ROTC instruction, the need for a citizen reserve force had been realized as early as before the American occupation of the Philippines.  In 1912, during the American regime, UP and Ateneo de Manila started to offer military training. This officer was later appointed as professor of Military Science.  On March 17, 1922, the Department of Military Science and Tactics (DMST) was formally organized in UP HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE  On July 3, 1922, with the first ROTC unit in the country having been organized, formal military instruction began in UP.  Ateneo de Manila, National University, Liceo de Manila, and San Juan de Letran later formed their ROTC units. These units remained independent from one another until 1936, when Office of the Superintendent (of ROTC units) of the Philippine Army was activated to supervise all ROTC units in the country.  Commonwealth Act Number 1 provided the legal basis for the mandatory citizen military training in the Philippines. The country’s national defense plan was put into motion by the combined efforts of General Douglas McArthur and Manuel Quezon. HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE The defense plan envisioned an organization on citizen army consisting of two major components: A regular force of about 10,000 men (including PC) and a reserve force to number 400,000 by end of ten-year period. The second component was to be accomplished by way of continuing program to train 21-year-old able-bodied men for a period of more than five months. Gen McArthur become the military adviser of the Commonwealth, with the responsibility of formulating the Philippine Defense system (Quezon later conferred the status of “Field Marshall”, the highest military rank known in international usage, on McArthur). Former President Emilio Aguinaldo HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE One important provision of the plan stated that “ at such universities and colleges as the President may designate, there shall be established and maintain ROTC units of such arm and service as he shall specify, where every physically fit student shall be required to pursue a course of military instruction, ROTC units in various universities and colleges, therefore became source of reserve officers. HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE Republic Act 9163 otherwise known as the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001, making the ROTC as just one of the three components of the NSTP where the students can choose from. The ROTC training period was also reduced from two years to one year HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry  ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE Deferring the ROTC training while many have decided to enroll in the other two components. This has significantly reduced the number of our reserve force pool who are not only to be readily available in case of war or national emergency but also to perform relief and rescue tasks when needed. Many concerned citizens and school administrators and legislators alike are advocating for the enhancement of the ROTC program by making the same compulsory to state colleges and universities. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is fully supporting this effort. The advocacy is based on the perceived decline in the appreciation of the youth on the value of patriotism and good citizenship. HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry ARMY 2040: WORLD-CLASS, MULTI-MISSION READY, CROSS DOMAIN CAPABLE QUESTIONS? HONOR. PATRIOTISM. DUTY #StrongerArmyStrongerCountry