RA 1425 (Rizal Law) PDF

**RA 1425 (Rizal Law):** - An act to include in the curricula of all public and private Schools, Colleges and Universities courses on the Life, Works and Writings of JOSE RIZAL, particularly his novels **NOLI ME TANGERE** and **EL FILIBUSTERISMO**, Authorizing the Printing and Distrib...

**RA 1425 (Rizal Law):** - An act to include in the curricula of all public and private Schools, Colleges and Universities courses on the Life, Works and Writings of JOSE RIZAL, particularly his novels **NOLI ME TANGERE** and **EL FILIBUSTERISMO**, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution Thereof, and Other Purposes **RA 229:** - is an act to prohibit cockfighting, horse racing and jai-alai on the thirtieth day of December of each year and to create a committee to take charge of the proper celebration of Rizal Day in every municipality and chartered city, and for other purposes. **The Bill Objectives:** 1. To re-dedicate the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which the heroes lived and died. 2. To honor particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, who devoted his life and works that have shaped the national character; and 3. To be constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused. **Specific mandate of the law:** 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private. 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal's other works and biography; and 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country. **Why Study the Rizal Subject?** - Rizal as the greatest hero and martyr of our nation." Being both a hero and a martyr, his life is proof of our identity as Filipinos that for once, a man stood up to reclaim our independence from Spanish colonizers. Two reason why we should study the Rizal subject. 1. Because it is mandated by Law 2. Because of the lessons contained in the course - To recognize the importance of Rizal's life, works and writings in the present society. - To cultivate the application of Rizal's ideals in current social and personal problems and issues. - To enhance appreciation and deeper understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for; and - To encourage development of the Filipino youth's participation in all aspects of good governance and good citizenship. The Rizal subject offers valuable insights into Philippine history, culture, and values, and helps students develop critical thinking skills and a strong sense of identity and responsibility. Dr Jose Protacio Mercado y Alonzo Realonda Doctor: completed his medical course in Spain and was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid. Jose: was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph). Protacio: from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar. Rizal -- from the word Ricial in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again. Mercado: adopted in by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great-grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means "[market"] in English. Y: and Alonzo: old surname of his mother Realonda: it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the culture by the time. Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda: - greatest son of the Philippines. - stood up and fought for our country's independence, not with the sword, but by words written by his pen. - provided the inspiration that sparked the fire of nationalism. - inspire us to do more for our country. - mastered 22 languages - [**Rizal** is one of the few recognized "Renaissance men" in the world.] [**Renaissance man:** a well-educated person and one who excels in a wide variety of subjects or fields.] **Rizal was:** - [an anthropologist, ethnologist, economist, sociologist, educator, architect, engineer, sculptor, painter, playwright, novelist, historian, journalist, farmer, dramatist, ophthalmologist, martial artist, and a cartographer, among other things.] - **TUBERCULOSIS EXPERT:** [For having cured himself of this disease, he became and was recognized as an expert.] **Consummatum Est:** [Rizal Final Words.] **Wright Mills,1959):** - The facts of contemporary history are also facts about the success and the failure of individual men and women. **The 19th century Philippines:** - not just about people struggling about colonial rule, it was about [Filipinos, men and women alike, fighting against political oppression]. it was a period of massive changes in Europe and the world. Philippines, as a colony of Spain, [suffered from the instability of the Spanish colonial government]. In return, the [Philippines also suffered from social injustice and judicial inequality]. - was a [massive change in the world, particularly in Europe, Spain and the Philippines]. In this century, [ Rizal was born and exposed to varying political, economic, socio-cultural realities.] Rizal witnessed the effects brought by the Industrial Revolution. benefited from the [opening of the Suez Canal, gained education in Europe, became an Elustrado, and took a part in the Propaganda.] **evils of colonial rule:** - country [suffered from different social issues as a result of Spanish despotic colonial rule]. **[The constant shift of these political policies also disrupted the way Spain governed the Philippines:]** 1. **There was maladministration in the delivery of justice:** an influential spaniard got the most favorable court decision. 2. **[There was no equality before the law:]** the native nobles and pure-bred Spaniards enjoyed legal preference (Zaide, 1999) both in law and social duties. **In law:** the Spanish penal code imposed heavier penalties on Filipinos. **In social responsibilities:** the Filipinos were tasked render forced labor and paid tributoor taxes to the colonial Government. 3. **[Racial prejudice:]** evident by the words of father Burgo, who is known for taking an active part in the secularization Movement, he provided unequivocal evidence of how racial discrimination was prevalent even among the native clergies (Schumacher, 1999). 4. **[mandatory exercise of forced labor:]** oppressed the Filipinos further also known as polo y servicio. **[Polo Y Servicio:]** all Filipino males with ages ranging from 16-60 were required to render forced labor by the Spanish Government. ***[Polistas:]*** what were Filipinos workers called. [Polo:] Mandatory labor **aristrocacy or principalia, well-of Filipinos, Government officials like the gobernadorcillos or cabeza de barangay and schoolteachers:** exempted from rendering forced labor. 5. **[the existence of frailocracy] or "[the] [government rule of friars: ]**in the 19th century, there was no separation between the church and the state. **Friars:** became so powerful that resulted to the abuse of Filipinos. These friars contributed to the rise of agrarian unrest, the secularization movement and the Filipino abuses in many forms. 6. **[*The Philippines suffered from a lack of* *representation in the Spanish Cortes*]:** colonial government should open its parliament to colonial representation.This is one way of hearing and improving the conditions of its colonies. It was on year 1811 that the Philippines was represented by a 71-year old Filipino-Spanish merchant named Ventura de los Reyes. **[Economic Context:]** - **The second half of 19th Century was a period of rapid economic growth. In the Europe , the use of increasingly expensive, powerful and productive steam engines resulted in the use of machinery in the manufacturing sector in the cities of Europe. ( Odense,2006)** **[Suez Canal: its opening brought several advantages to the Philippines.]** 1. The distance of travel between Europe and the Philippines was significantly shortened. 2. brought the country closer to Spain. 3. Filipino Ilustrados were able to send their children to universities in Europe. **education gained by these Ilustrados open their minds to the opposing conditions that are happening in the colony (Philippines) and the mother country (Spain).** [**Propaganda movement:** aimed to expose the deplorable conditions of the Filipinos in the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them.] **[Socio- Cultural Context]** 1. **rise of enlightenment period, where people began to rely on the human reason rather than faith and religion.** 2. **Philippines saw the rise of middle-class, the principalias with the increasing demand for Abaca and other crops in Europe, there was a need for filipino people to cultivate lands.** **To further the economic gain of Spain, the Spanish officials recommended the exploitation and cultivation of the Philippine resources to expand its trade relationship with Asia and Europe. To enhance their trading capacities, Spain implemented the following measures (Majul,1978).** 1. **Reformation of the Galleon Trade** 2. **Settlement of the Spaniards in the provinces for agricultural and trade purposes** 3. **Government expropriation of the landed estates of the friar corporations.** Rizal is a product of 19th century. He was at the right time, with right people, and with the right context to campaign for nationalism. His life, works and writings shaped our history. He used his knowledge for the betterment of the Filipino people and the Philippines. Rizal responded to the needs of the time. the filipinos deplorable political and social conditions paved the way Rizal to rise against the spaniards and call out inefficiency, injustice and racial discrimination. He took an active took an active role through the Propaganda movement so that spain may remedy them. From his study abroad and observance of the European laws, ways and cultures, he realized that the Philippines could be a better place if only Spain would take proactive steps in protecting its colony. He did not hesitate to write the Noli me tangere and the El Filibusterismo to showcase the political conditions of the Philippines under the hands of the corrupt friars and inefficient Spanish officials. Rizal's idea of a Filipino nation would not be possible without the events of 19th century. In the overview of this chapter, we discussed that the facts of contemporary history were also facts about the success and the failure of individual men and women (wright Mills, 1959) A green chart with black text Description automatically generated About Jose Rizal (Mercado Home) Dr. Jose Rizal Birth: - Place: Lakeside town on Calamba Laguna - Date: June 19, 1861 - Time: Between 11 and 12 in the morning - Number among siblings: 7^th^ child - Nick name: Pepe - Mother: Dona Teodora Alonso - Father: Don Francisco Mercado Father Rufino Collantes: - Pries who baptized Rizal - Named him Jose Protacio: in honor of st. Josep and st. Protacio Felipe Prudente Santa Maria: - Author of the book \"In Excelsis \" explaining how Rizal got the nickname \'Pepe \'. - It has been said that St. Joseph was Jesus Christ accepted father and that San Jose is always followed by letter \'P. P\' pronounce as \' phe \' in Spanish, giving rise to the name Pepe for Jose. Memoirs of a Student in Manila: \-- Rizal\' s diary saying the difficulty of his mother in giving birth to him, which made her prayed to Antipolo \' s Patroness and promise to send her child on pilgrimage once she passed through a difficult birthing process. And so Was the baby delivered safe Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage: - Antipolo \' s Patroness which was then a part of Province of Morong. - A place where Doña Teodora sent the seven-year-old Rizal to kept her promise. - -It was also the place where Rizal was Christened on June 22, 1861 when he was only 3 day old. Rev. Father Pedro Casanas - Rizal's God Father - Told Pepe \' s family that they should look after him as he predicted Jose would become someone because of his unusual size of head. - The evidence of this prophecy can be seen in the course of his life which we currently learning. Father Leoncio Lopez: - Filipino priest and friend of Mercado family. - 1862 when Pepe baptismal certificate was destroyed in a re, it was only restored with help of eyewitness under supervision of Father Lopez. - Pepe always loved to see and talk to Father Lopez as the priest never get tired to answer all his questions in a rational manner. - He Was a model for Pepe portrayal of Father Florentino in \"El Filibusterismo.\" Rizal Family belong to a Principalia class who owned: 1. Stagecoach 2. Library 3. Stone house near church 4. Hectares of Land Rizal's family are They are Catholic believers who gave importance to values and proper decorum. Family values - Being courteous to others especially to elders - Before going to bed, they prayed the Angelous and holy Rosary together. - Accustomed to kiss parents' hand after prayer recital - Led social and religious activities in their house - Serve as host to all visitors during holidays and other gatherings in community Parents: Rizal Parents married on June 28, 1848 Had 11 children: 2 boys and 9 girls Father: Francisco Engracia Rizal Mercado Y. Algandra II - Born as the youngest of 13 children to Cerilia Alejandro and Juan Mercado - Birthdate: May 11, 1818, Binan Laguna - Education: Studied latin then later study philosophy at Colegio de san Jose Manila - Elected as cabeza de Barangay - Dominican state tenant and landowner in Calamba, Laguna. - Evicted from his house on sept 1899 due to failure in agrarian case - Died in Manila on Jan 5, 1898 Mother: Dona Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda Y. Quintos - Born in Nov 9, 1827 in Manila - Second child of Lorenzo Alfonso and Brigada de Quintos - Remarkable woman with refined culture, literary talent, business and tenacity of spartan - Attend in College of Santa Rosa - Rizal Penned Poem: adore his mom saying "My mother is a woman of higher culture, she was a remarkable mathematician, who has read a lot of books. - Died on Aug 16,1916 at the age of 85 at San Fernando street, Binondo Manila - Ph Gov: referred her a life pension shortly after before she dies but she politely declined saying "My family never been patriotic for money. If the government has Surplus of funds they should at least lower the taxes" Siblings 1. Saturina (1850 - 1913): the eldest among siblings - Nickname: Neneng - Education: La Concordia College in Manila's Sta. Ana - Husband: Manuel Hidalgo (Tanauan Batangas) - Published Pasual Poblete's Tagalog of Noli Me Tangere - Diead at the age of 63 2. Paciano (1851-1930): 2^nd^ Child - Nickname: Cian, Jose Called him Uto - Education: Colegio de San Jose in Manila. - studied latin with Maestro Justiniano Cruz - an ardent and dynamic katipunero. Many thought he was Pilosopong Tasio in Noli Me tangere. - Occupation: He lived a simple life as a farmer. - Wife: Severina Dacena - Children: 2 - Death: He died of tuberculosis at age of 79 3. Narcisa (1852-1939) Third child - Nickname: \"Sisa\" ▪ She\'s the only amongst siblings can narrate poems of Jose. - She\'s also the only family member of Rizal who visit him in prison the day before his execution. Husband: Antonio Lopez (teacher and musician) - Narcisa discovered the unmarked grave of Rizal in Cementerio General de Paco after 2days of searching. - Gallemit- was created in 1935 and donated to Rizal Shrine Fort Santiago by Leoncio Lopez son of Narcisa as (Memorandum of receipt 1957.) 4. Olimpia (1855-1887) Fourth child - Nickname: \"Ypia\" - Husband: Silvestro Ubaldo (telegraph operator from Manila) - Education: La Concordia College - Jose loved to tease her as his stout sister. - Schoolmate: Segunda Katigbak (whom also Jose Rizal\'s first love) - Olimpia serves as mediator between two young lovers Jose and Segunda 5. Lucia (1857-1919) 5th child - Husband: Mariano Herbosa - Children: 5 - Mariano denied a Christian Burial which marked the beginning of Rizal\'s family persecution by Spanish friars. - Death: Lucia passed away in 1919. 6. Maria (1859-1945) 6th child - Husband: Daniel Faustino Cruz (Binan, Laguna) -- - Children: 5 - Mauricio Cruz- One of Maria\'s children who become a student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan and was known to be his uncle\'s favorite. - Maria was known to be a recipient of many letters of Rizal - Death: She passed away in 1945. Concepcion (1862-1865) 7. Concepcion (1862-1865) 8th child - Nickname: \"Concha\" - Death: died at age of 3 in 1865. - Her death marked a sad memory for Rizal 8. Josefa (1865-1945) 9th child - She was unmarried and lived with Trinidad until death. - Death: 1945 suffering from epilepsy. 9. Trinidad (1868-1951) 10th child - remained single and share ahome with Josefa. - She was the one who received alcohol lamp from Jose where shesecretly hide the \"last farewell\" known as \"Mi Ultimos Adios\". A poem Jose Rizal wrote on the eve of his - death. Death: She died in 1951 having outlived all of her siblings. 10. Soledad (1870-1929) Soledad Rizal Quintero is the youngest among siblings - Husband: Pantaleon Quintero - Children: She has 5 children - Death: She died in 1929 ANALYSIS OF JOSE RIZAL SIBLINGS - Rizal was close to all his siblings - Rizal sisters did not become prominent of holding government positions because it's not unusual for women at that time. The fact that women are only responsible for family unity - His siblings only give him all moral and spiritual support they can. - Narcisa\'s unwavering determination to nd Jose tomb despite the spanish authorities choosed an abandoned site to burry him, She did not turn back until she found it. This clearly demonstrate Rizal\'s Family unifying bond of affection. - His only brother Paciano is more than an older brother for him since he took a role Jose Rizal second father. Jose admired him and value his every advices. Paciano accompanied him to his 1st day of school in Binan. He\'s also the one who persuade him to pursue higher education and send him allowance while he study abroad ANCESTORS Jose Rizal - Chinese ancestors on father side - Japanese ancestors on mother side **Patrilineal Descent** Domingo Lamco: - A native chinese of Sionggue city of Changchow, province of Fukien - Jose Rizal great-great grandfather on paternal side - Lamco married Ines de la Rosa a wealthy chinese christian lady from Manila. - He then changes his surname to \"Mercado\" in 1731. Mercado - \"market\" is appropriate for merchant like him. Lamco and Ines had children Francisco qnd Josefa. Francisco Mercado - Jose\'s great grandfather. - married Cirilia Bernancha Alejandra a Chinese-Filipino mestiza. - elected as town\'s Gobetnadorcillo three times from 1808, 1813, and 1823. And was known as \"known as Kapitan Juan\" by many. - He and Cirilia had 12 children, the Youngest is Jose\'s father Francisco Mercado. Matrilineal Descent L akandula: - native king of Tondo and Bornean Muslim. Eugenio Ursua - Doña Teodora\'s great grandfather. - A Japanese ancestry married to a Filipina named Benigna. - They had 2 daughters. Regina - married Chinese lawyer Manuel de Quintos. Brigida - married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso a deputy for Philippine in Spanish cortes. - Parents of doña Teodora mother of Rizal. Reason why surename Lamco and mercado are not used by Jose parent descendants. Governor - general Clavena issue a decree changing the last names of each family in order to survey the number of people in encomendero and tax them. Francisco Mercado - evaded the decree and used spanish term sound like racial word means green eld or grazing land. Rizal\'s letter of bluementrit explain his last name is Rizaland not Mercado like his other siblings - Paciano his brother advise him to use Rizal instead of Mercado for him to be safe because Paciano himself use the surename Mercado and his attached to father Burgos who accused to be the cause of Cavity munity. - So, in order for Jose to be free from the issue Paciano thought to hide their relation to each other. - Jose is the only one who use the surename Rizal where he appeared to be an illegitimate child CHILDHOOD - Rizal was amiable, thoughtful and loving son, brother and siblings. - He was said to be frail and sickly so his parents pay more attention and care for him. Jose Rizal Childhood memories   EARLY EDUCATION His first teacher was his mother Teodora Doña Teodora: - a remarkable and educated woman. - As loving mother and tutor, she always sits the 3-year-old Pepe on her lap and taught him alphabet, prayers and reading of holy bible. - was the one who read the story of the Moth that touch Rizal so deeply. - always had storytelling session with Rizal. - enjoyed reading Amigo de los Nios (The children\'s friend) that teaches the value of obedience to parents. - always corrected his proetical compositions and made valuable criticism. THE PRIVATE TUTORS Maestro Celestino - was the 1st tutor Rizal had Maestro LucasPadua - was the second Leon Monroy - was a former classmate of Rizal\'s father who later become his tutor. He taught spanish and Latin to young Rizal. - Unfortunately 5 months later Monroy died cause Rizal parents to send him in private school of Binan. Binan - Jose rst formal schooling - His older brother Paciano accompanied him and droved him to their aunt\'s house in Binan. Maestro Justiniano Aquino - School teacher in Binan. Was a strict disciplinarian man. Leandro - his aunt grandson Pedro - The bully son of his teacher who used to make fun of him in class. - Jose challenge Pedro to a fight. Jose won as he learned the art of wrestling from his Tio Manuel. He gained popularity among his classmate after. Andres Saladanan - A classmate who then challenge him in arm-wrestling but lose. - Many other Binan boys challenge him days after. Jose wasn\'t quarrelsome person but he never shied away from fight. Juntiniano\'s father-in-law: - was a master of painter where Jose used to spend his free time. Jose Rizal - stand out in class and outperformed many of his older classmates - Some are jealous and wicked to falsely accused him and put him unto punishment. - used to visit his hometown while studying in Binan. - He felt joy but also feel sad every time he returned. - During his early education 2 disheartening events drew his attention and disturbed his young mind. 1. The execution of the three-secular priest 2. Imprisonment of his Mother Teodora IMPRISONMENT OF DOÑA TEODORA - Jose was only 11 years old when he witness the extraordinary bravery of his mother as the spaniards arrested her due to unrightful accusation. Doña Teodora - around 45 years old that time. - Poisoning Allegation - the case charge to Doña Teodora that imprisoned her for 2 years without trial. - It was an attempt accusation that she to poison her sister-in-law Teodora Alberto wife of her brother Jose Alberto. - According to Barbara Cruz-Gonzales great granddaughter of doña Teodora, The wife of Jose enrages doña Teodora because she discourages her brother to divorce Teodora Alberto. Teodora Alberto - allegedly sleeping with Guardia civil leader. - When doña Teodora bought food to Teodora Alberto she refuse to eat it instead fed it to her dog who died after. - Teodora Alberto let doña Teodora arrested infront of the entire family with the help of her guardia civil lover. - Spaniards forced her to walk kilometers around Laguna. - H 50 er persecution sowed the seed of indignation in an 11-year-old Rizal, prompting him to write a powerful anti-Spanish propaganda later on. Don Francisco - attempted to fight. But doña Teodora didn\'t protest for she has no power at the moment. DEATH OF GOM BURZA Governor-general Rafael Izquirdo: - repeal the exemption from tribune and force labor. The workers rose up in-arms against colonial government in 1872. January 20, 1872 - 200 workers from arsenal\'s marine battalion, including sailors and artillerymen led by Fernando La Madrid, seized fort San Felipe and captured 7 Spanish officers. - The mutiny only lasted 2 days due to colonial quick response and arrested everyone including those who had a connection to mutiny. - Three secular priests were among those who arrested after they complain about the unfair treatment to Filipino. They were 1. Mariano Gomez de Los Angeles a Bacoor priest. 2. Jose Burgos a Manila Cathedral priest. 3. Jacinto Zamora A Marikina parish priest. Secularization Movement - expelsion of Jesuit order in the Philippinesang all spanish colonies on 1768 and royal decree in 1779 ll vacant posts in parish with native priest Spanish friars opposed - because they saw threat to their political power and influence in colony Jose Burgos - champion the secularization it provokes wrath to many \"regular\" or Spanish priest. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera - the 3 secular priests accused and sentenced to death by \" Garrote\" for instigating the mutiny in Cavite despite the lack of evidence. Saldua - also said to bribe Burgos and other priest to implicate the said mutiny. February 17, 1872 - the day of execution. Large crowd of people gathered in Bagumbayan. Saldua was the rst to be executed. First to GOMBURZA was Gomes saying \"Father, I know that not a leaf fall to the ground except by will of God.\" Next was Zamora who appeared to have lost his mind and stood motionless until he was strangled to death. The final was Burgos who exclaimed in terror after seeing his colleagues die. The unjust fate of the 3 priest was well known not only for fabricated charges but also for the speed by Spanish court to decide. Manila Archbishop ordered every church to toll its bellstodemonstrate his recognition for the three martyr\'s innocence the moment of their execution, despite of political pressure he may face after. REALIZATION TO FILIPINO: - L iberal notion of equality - Meritocracy and. - Human dignity The prospect for Independence looned in distance. RIZAL saw how terrifying the event was for his parents, neighbors, and how it effect on his brother Patricio\'s life. JOSE RIZAL second novel El Filibusterismo would be dedicated to the three tragic figures.