Rizal Law PDF

# **Rizal Law** - Officially designated as Republic Act No. 1425. - Proposed by Senator Recto, who was a main sponsor and defender of the bill to the Senate. - Senator Jose B. Laurel Sr. was the Chairman of the Committee on Education. - Sen. Claro M. Recto was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill....

# **Rizal Law** - Officially designated as Republic Act No. 1425. - Proposed by Senator Recto, who was a main sponsor and defender of the bill to the Senate. - Senator Jose B. Laurel Sr. was the Chairman of the Committee on Education. - Sen. Claro M. Recto was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill. - Sen. Jose P. Laurel was the head of the senate committee on education. - The church accused Recto of being a communist and anti-Catholic. - Fr. Jesus Cavanna and Jesus Paredes, a Radio Veritas commentator, were staunch oppositionists to the bill. - They said that Catholics had the right to refuse to read the novels as it would endanger their salvation. - Archbishop of Manila, Rufino Santos published a pastoral letter opposing the passing of the bill into law. - This action was taken by the Catholic Church. - The letter stated that Catholic students would be affected if compulsory reading of the unexpurgated version would push through. - Cuenco, another staunch oppositionist, highlighted Rizal's denial of the existence of purgatory. - He cited that purgatory was not found in the Bible, and that Moses and Jesus Christ did not mention its existence. - On May 12, 1956, the bill (with the compromise inserted by Laurel) was approved unanimously. - The controversies, arguments, and opposition against the Rizal Bill were finally resolved on June 12, 1956 when it was enacted. ### **Senate Bill No. 438** - This bill was presented to the Senate Committee on Education on April 3, 1956. - Senator Jose P. Laurel, the Chairman of the Committee on Education, started his sponsorship on the bill on April 17, 1596. - This resulted in a dispute between the pros and antis of the bill, which was known as the Rizal Bill. - The Rizal Bill was authored by Senator Claro M. Recto (Father of Rizal Law). ### **Republic Act 1425 (The Rizal Law)** - This act includes the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal. ### **Important provisions of Rizal Law** - Senate Bill No. 438 An act to make *Noli Me Tangere* and *El Filibusterismo* compulsory: - **Section 1.** Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel *Noli Me Tangere* and *El Filibusterismo*, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private. - **Section 2.** It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the *Noli Me Tangere* and *El Filibusterismo*, as well as of Rizal's other works and biography. - **Section 3.** The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the *Noli Me Tangere* and *El Filibusterismo*, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects. - **Section 4.** Nothing in this act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and other person engaged in any public school. - **Section 5.** The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not otherwise appropriated in the national treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act. ### **Nationalism** - It is a set of systems characterized by the promotion of the interest of one nation anchored on the aim to achieve and maintain self-governance or total sovereignty. - According to Benedict Anderson, a prominent historian and political scientist, nation is an imagined community - and recognition. # **Jose Rizal** - Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Philippines. - Died on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan. - He was a patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippines nationalist movement. - His name was adapted in 1850 by authority of the Royal Decree of 1849, upon the order of Governor Narciso Claveria. - *Rizal* was a shortened form of Spanish word for "second crop," seemed suited to a family of farmers who were making a second start in a new home. - *Alonzo* was the old surname of his mother. - *Y-and-Realonda* was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the culture by that time. - *Mercado* was adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term *Mercado* means 'market' in English. ## **Family** - **Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)** was the father of Jose Rizal and the youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. - He was born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818. - He studied in the San Jose College, Manila. - He died in Manila. - **Teodora Alonso (1827-1913)** was the mother of Jose Rizal and the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. - She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. - She was a business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well-read. - She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827. - She died in Manila in 1913. ### **Siblings** - **Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913)** was Jose Rizal's eldest child. - Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas. - **Paciano Rizal (1851-1930)** was Jose Rizal's only brother and the second child. - He studied at the San Jose College in Manila. - He became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. - **Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939)** was Jose Rizal's third child. - She married Antonio. Lopez at Morong, Rizal. - She was a teacher and musician. - **Olympia Rizal (1855-1887)** was Jose Rizal's fourth child. - She married Silvestre Ubaldo. - She died in 1887 from childbirth. - **Lucia Rizal (1857-1919)** was Jose Rizal's fifth child. - She married Matriano Herbosa. - **Maria Rizal (1859-1945)** was Jose Rizal's sixth child. - She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. - **Jose Rizal (1861-1896)** was Jose Rizal's second son and the seventh child. - He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30, 1896. - **Concepcion Rizal (1862-1865)** was Jose Rizal's eighth child. - Died at the age of three. - **Josefa Rizal (1865-1945)** was Jose Rizal's ninth child. - She was an epileptic and died a spinster. - **Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951)** was Jose Rizal's tenth child. - She died a spinster and was the last of the family to die. - **Soledad Rizal (1870-1929)** was Jose Rizal's youngest child. - She married Pantaleon Quintero. - Jose Rizal's first poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata," ("To My Fellow Children") was also known by the title "It is also written at the age of eight. ### **Jose Rizal's education** - He learned to recite the Alphabet and prayers at the age of three. - He had private tutors who taught him lessons at home: Maestro Celestino And Maestro Lucas Padua. - Leon Monroy taught him Spanish and Latin. - He was sent to a private school in Biñan to study under Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. - He took painting lessons and was taught by Juancho, his school teacher's father-in-law; - He was the best student in school, beating all the Biñan boys. - He studied in the Ateneo Municipal, which was under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuit priests. - He won 1st prize for his poem “A La Juventud Filipina” in the 1st literary contest he joined. - He wrote another poem, '"El Consejo delos Dioses"', which won 1st prize as well but was met with disapproval from the Spanish community in Manila. - In 1882, after finishing his fourth year at the UST, Rizal left for Spain to continue his studies. - Dr. Maximo Viola financed the publication of Rizal's first book, *Noli Me Tangere*, in 1887 with 2,000 initial copies, some of which were given to Rizal's friends in Spain. Others were shipped to the Philippines and reached the hands of the Governor-General and the Archbishop of Manila. - Rizal went to Berlin, Germany in 1887. - He wrote *Noli Me Tangere* in 63 chapters. It had about 480 pages. ### **Travels** - Rizal travelled to France and Germany from 1885 to 1987. - He wanted to observe how medicine was being practiced there to specialize in ophthalmology. - From 1885 to 1887, he spent time in Paris to take up advanced studies in ophthalmology. - He published *Noli Me Tangere* in March 1887. - Rizal returned to Manila in August 1887. - He travelled to Hong Kong on February 1888, Japan in February and March 1888 and Macau and Japan later that year. - He went to San Francisco, California, in April 1888. - Rizal arrived in England in May 1888. - From 1888 to 1890, he travelled between London and Paris. - He wrote ethnographic, history-related studies and political articles during this time. - Rizal finished his second novel, *El Filibusterismo*, in March 1891. - *El Filibusterismo* was published in Ghent on September 1890 using donations from Rizal’s supporters. ### **Propaganda** - It is the spreading of information in support of a cause. - The word propaganda is often used in a negative sense, especially for politicians who make false claims to get elected, or spread rumors to get their way. - Graciano Lopez Jaena was the first to lead a series of protests in writing against the injustices of the Spaniards in the Philippines in the newspaper Los Dos Mundos. - In 1884, Jaena and Rizal delivered speeches at the Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid, where two Filipino painters were given recognition. - Juan Luna received recognition in 1884 for his painting *Spoliarium* and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo received recognition for *Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas at Populacho*. - La Solidaridad was an organization composed of Filipino liberals exiled in Spain. - It was aimed to raise awareness of Spain on the needs of its colony. - Rizal was one of the active and significant contributors. - One of Rizal's most important contributions was the Letter to the Young Women of Malolos published on February 22, 1889. - He wrote the first half of *Noli me tangere* in Madrid, Spain from 1884-1885. - The second part was completed and published in Berlin, Germany in 1887. ### **Indolence** - The study *Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos* or, _On the Indolence of the Filipinos_, was a study of the causes why the people did not, as was said, work hard during the Spanish regime. - The Spanish reign brought about a decline in economic activities because of certain causes. - Rizal believed that such indolence was not inherent but was caused by the climate of the Philippines, both in a physical sense (as a tropical country) and in a sociopolitical sense (in relation to the social disorders rooted in the Spanish rule). - Indolence can ultimately be traced to the abuse and discrimination experienced by Filipinos under the Spanish Rule which led to the deterioration of Filipino values. - There were several causes that contributed to the Indolence of the Filipinos - the establishment of the Galleon Trade cut off all previous associations of the Philippines with other countries in Asia and the Middle East. - Spain also extinguished the natives' love of work because of the implementation of forced labor. - There was a crooked system of education, if it was to be considered an education. The Spanish rulers were a bad example to despise manual labor. - The Spaniards had a crooked system of religion. - Taxes were extremely high, so much so that a huge portion of what they earned went to the government or to the friars. - Rizal linked two factors to the indolence of the Filipinos: - limited training and education provided to the Filipinos. - the lack of a national sentiment of unity among Filipinos. ### **Rizal's Abandonment of Assimilation** - One of the predominant reforms lobbied by Filipinos was representation in the Spanish Cortes. - This move would have given Filipinos a voice in the Spanish government, though in a limited capacity. - Such representation was previously granted to the Filipinos but was taken back. - The lack of concrete commitment on the part of the Spanish government only made the representation of Filipinos barely enough to materialize. - Rizal set the course for his return to Manila after the publication of his second novel, *El Filibusterismo*. - All copies of the novel were shipped to the Philippines. - Upon his arrival, he established a new organization- the La Liga Filipina. - This was a secret society that embodied the ideas Rizal presented in *El Filibusterismo*. - The La Liga Filipina called for: - the provision of mutual protection, - defense against all injustices, and - the promotion of instruction. ### **La Solidaridad** - Rizal wrote for La Solidaridad under the name "LaongLaan". - Marcelo H. Del Pilar was the editor and co-publisher of the La Solidaridad and wrote under the name "Plaridel". - Graciano Lopez Jaena was the publisher of La Solidaridad. - Jose Rizal withdrew in writing for La Solidaridad because of the following reasons: - He needed time to work on his book. - He wanted other Filipinos to work also. - He considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the work. - He considered del Pilar to already be at the top and Rizal also had his own ideas, thus, he felt that it was better to leave del Pilar alone to direct the policy such as he (del Pilar) understood it and Rizal did not meddle in it. ### **Noli Me Tangere** - *Noli Me Tangere* is Latin for "touch me not," an allusion to the Gospel of St. John where Jesus says to Mary Magdalene: "Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my Father." - Rizal entitled the novel Noli Me Tangere drawing inspiration from John 20:13-17 of the *Bible*. - He proposed to probe all the cancers of Filipino society that everyone else felt too painful to touch. - It is an 1887 novel by José Rizal, written during the colonization of the Philippines by Spain. - The novel describes perceived inequities of the Spanish Catholic friars and the ruling government. - Originially written in Spanish, the book is more commonly published and read in the Philippines in either Tagalog or English. #### **Major Characters In Noli Me Tangere** - **Crisóstomo Ibarra** - mestizo. He studied in Europe for seven years. Ibarra is also María Clara's fiancé. - **María Clara** - the most beautiful and widely celebrated girl in San Diego. - **Kapitán Tiago** - Don Santiago de los Santos, known by his nickname Tiago, richest man in the region of Binondo. - **Padre Dámaso** - An enemy of Crisóstomo's father, Don Rafael Ibarra. Dámaso is revealed to be María Clara's biological father. - **Elías** - Ibarra's mysterious friend and ally. Elías made his first appearance as a pilot during a picnic of Ibarra and María Clara and her friends. - **Pilósopong Tasyo.** - **Doña Victorina.** - **Sisa** is the deranged mother of Basilio and Crispín. She cannot protect them from the beatings of her husband, Pedro. - **Crispín** - seven-year-old son. An altar boy. - **Basilio** - Sisa's 10-year-old son. An acolyte tasked to ring the church's bells for the Angelus. - **Salomé** is Elías' sweetheart. ### **El Filibusterismo** - The English title for *El Filibusterismo* is "The Reign of Greed." - It was published in 1891 in Ghent. - **Simoun** - Crisóstomo Ibarra in disguise, presumed dead at the end of *Noli Me Tangere*. - **Basilio.** - **Isagani** - Basilio's friend. - **Father Florentino** - Isagani's uncle and a retired priest. - **Father Fernández** - a Dominican who was a friend of Isagani. - **Kapitán Tiago** - Don Santiago de los Santos. María Clara' s stepfather. - **Captain-General** - the highest-ranking official in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. - **• Father Bernardo Salví** - the former parish priest of San Diego in *Noli Me Tángere*. - **Father Millon.** - **Quiroga** – a Chinese businessman. - **Don Custodio.**