Rizal's First Trip Abroad (1882-1887) PDF

TRAVELLING WITH DR. JOSE P. RIZAL (1ST TRIP ABROAD) **May 3, 1882 to July 3,1887** **From the Philippines to Spain** - **May 2,1882 Rizal** bade farewell to his brother, family and small circle of friends - **May 3** the day of his trip he was sent off by uncle Antonio, relative and...

TRAVELLING WITH DR. JOSE P. RIZAL (1ST TRIP ABROAD) **May 3, 1882 to July 3,1887** **From the Philippines to Spain** - **May 2,1882 Rizal** bade farewell to his brother, family and small circle of friends - **May 3** the day of his trip he was sent off by uncle Antonio, relative and friend Vicente Gella and Mateo Evangelista. - He took a boat which brought him to a ship ***SALVADORA*** a substandard ship carrying all spanish passengers making him the only INDIO***.*** - ***May 6,1882 -** SALVADORA sailed to Singapore.* - After he reached Singapore **on May 6 1882**, he then transferred to a French Liner ***DJEMNAH*** of the Messagerie Maritimes. - For **thirty-eight days** Jose Rizal travelled with different nationals: French, Spaniards, Dutch, and Chinese. - DJEMNAH disembark at **Marseilles** on ***June 13, 1882.*** That night he took the train to Barcelona. Exposed to calesa in Manila, he found the fast moving train amazing - On **October 1882**, Jose left Barcelona to enrol at ***Universidad Central de Madrid*** in the faculty of Medicine of San Carlos. - He also enrolled painting and sculpture lessons at the ***Academia de San Fernando** and* fencing at the schools of ***Sanz and Carbonnel***. - ***June 21, 1884***, Jose informed his parents that he had already obtained Licentiate in Medicine. Noli Me Tangere: Rizal's Spolarium - ***Brindisi*** an Italian town famous for wine making while ***brindis*** is an Italian word for "cheers" or "toast". Jose Rizal's speech known as the ***brindis*** was the ventilation of his thoughts and aspirations. - He spoke about despotism and the emerging generation, seeking for fair treatment, respect and recognition. He praised and vividly described the beauty of his mother land. It was a tribute to the two painters, and an inspiration to the Filipinos in Europe and in the Philippines as well. **From Madrid to Paris** - In ***July 1885*** he moved to Paris. He stayed with Juan Luna at ***Boulevard Arago***. - He served as an assistant to then, Europe\'s ophthalmologist ***LOUIS de WECKER*** - He stayed in PARIS for six months and towards the end of his exposure in the eye clinic, he was invited to come back and work with Dr. de Wecker at any time he wanted to. **Paris to Germany (July 1886-1887)** - He was trained under Otto Becker at the University Augenklinik (University Eye Clinic) at Heidelberg. - He stayed at the Ullmers in Baden with Pastor Karl Ullmer as his teacher to master the german language. - It was in Wilhelmsfields were he finished the remaining fourth of NOLI ME TANGERE, his own spolarium. By then winter time had ended and the sight of blooming flowers inspired him to write ***A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the flowers of Heidelberg.)*** **From Heidelberg to Leipzig** **(August 1886 to October 1886)** - the place where NOLI was printed. - He meet ***FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT***, a fellow scholar a good roman catholic, logical, and a believer of liberalism both for the good of Spanish and its colony. **Leipzig to Berlin** **(August 9, 1886 to November 1886)** - In Leipzig, cost of living was the lowest in Europe. To earn some amount he part time as proof reader in a printing press. - He stayed in Leipzig for two months and a half (August to October, 1886) **Berlin to Leitmeritz** **(November 1886 to July 1887)** - He moved to Berlin in November 1886, he would stay there for six months. - He worked in the gym and served in the clinic of Dr. Schultzer. - Maximo Viola,his fellow student who just graduated in Madrid help him in printing the NOLI. - ***February 21, 1887***, the two and a half year of Noli Me Tangere project ended. - With ***Maximo Viola*** he toured the scenic and historical parts of Europe: Prague, Vienna,Salzburg,Munich,Nuremberg and Switzerland. Rizal and Viola parted ways in Geneva. - He also visited, Italy, Florence, Venice to Marseilles, and he prepared to return home. - Berlin marked the highest peak of Rizal's life as the completing point in the formation of his personality, expressions of his ideas, and the rounding of experience which he knew essential in his own task for his country. The Learned Men of France and Germany - **Fr. Henrich Bardorf,** the italian catholic priest was the best friend of Pastor Ulmer. Bardorf and Ullmer's frienship manifested the true meaning of brotherhood despite religious differences. From them he learned religious toleration, a kind of dealing that is forbidden in the Philippines. - **Dr. Otto Becke**r, the professor in the Eye Clinic Univeristy. *Universitas Augenklinik.* - **Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt**, was a scholar who studied Philippine history. Rizal found a bossom friend in him. - **Prof. Feodor Jagor**, was an ethnologists who studied ectnic groups. - **Pastor Karl Ullmer**, the vicar of Wilhelmsfelds, was a protestant pastor Rizal stayed with him to learn the german language. - **Dr. Louis de Wecke**r, Paris famous eye surgeon. His patients came from all over europe including royal families in Europe. - **Prof. Rudolf Virchow**, an anthropologists, member of *Reichstag* and leader of German Catholic church opposition to BISMARCK. RIZAL SECOND TRAVEL ABROAD February 3, 1888- June 26, 1892 **HONG KONG** - -- FEBRUARY 3, 1888- HE SAILED TO HONGKONGON BOARD "ZAFIRO" AND JUST STAYED INSIDE THE SHIP DURING ITS SHORT STOP AT AMOY HE STAYED AT VICTORIA HOTEL IN HONG KONG AND VISITED THE NEABY CITY MACAO FOR 2 DAYS ALONG WITH HIS FRIEND JOSE MARIA BASA - HE EXPERIENCED IN HONGK KONG THE NOISY FIRECRACKERLADEN CHINESE NEW YEAR AND THE MARATHON LAURIAT PARTY - February 22, 1888, Rizal left Hongkong on board the OCEANIC. **JAPAN** - FEBRUARY 28 --ARRIVED FROM HONGKONG HE REACHED YOKOHAMA, JAPAN AND PROCEEDED TO TOKYO THE NEXT DAY - -- HE STAYED BRIEFLY AT GRAND HOTEL IN YOKOHAMA FOR A WHILE, THEN THE SPANISH ATTACHE IN JAPAN JUAN PEREZ CABALLERO VISITED HIM AND EXTENDED AN INVITATION TO STAY AT THE SPANISH LEGATION LOCATED AT AZABU DISTRICT WHICH IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE DISTRICT IN 1800 --(HE KNEW THAT IT WAS AN INSTRUCTION FORM MANILA TO CLOSELY WATCH HIS ACTIVITES IN JAPAN HE STILL ACCEPTED THE OFFER FOR THE REASONS: TO SHOW THAT HE IS NOT AFRAID OFBEING WATCHED AS HE HAD NOTHING TO HIDE TO SAVE MORE FROM EXPENSES FOR HOTEL ACCOMMODATION -- - MARCH 1888, HE HEARD A TOKYO BAND NICELY PLAYING A EUROPEAN MUSIC AND WAS ASTONISHED TO FIND OUT AFTER THE GIG THAT SOME OF ITS MEMBERS WERE FILIPINO - RIZAL WAS AMUSED BY THE JAPANESE GIRL WHO WOULD PASS BY THE LEGATION EVERYDAY SHE WAS THE 23 YEARS OLD SEIKO USUIWHOM HE FONDLY CALLED 'O-SEI-SAN" BECOME HIS TOUR GUIDE AND SWEETHEART **Seiko Usui or Osei-san** - Daughter of a former Samurai whobecome a proprietor of a bazaar in Tokyo. - She was a culture women who worked at the Spanish consulate. - Rizal\'s love for O-Sei-san made him almost change his mind. - For 45 days he stayed in Japan. **UNITED STATES OF AMERICA** - -- APRIL 13, 1888 00 HE BOARDED "BELGIC" GOING TO USA FROM JAPAN IN THE VESSEL HE BEFRIENDED TECHO SUEGIRO A JAPANESE NOVELIST AND HUMAN RIGHTS FIGHTER WHO WAS ALSO FORCED BY HIS GOVERNMENT TO LEAVE HIS COUNTRY - -- APRIL 18, 1888 --THE SHIP ARRIVED IN SAN FRANCISCO FOR A WEEK, THEY WERE QUARANTINED, ALLEGEDLY BECAUSE OF THE CHOLERA OUTBREAK IN THE FAR EAST, BUT IN REALITY SOME POLITICIANS WERE JUST QUESTIONING THE ARRIVAL OF THE CHINESE COOLIES IN THE SHIP WHO WOULD DISPLACE WHITE LABORERS IN RAILROAD-CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. - -- HE OBSERVED EARLY ON THE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN THE US WHEN HE WAS STILL ON BOARD, HE LEARNED THAT ONLY THE FIRST CLASS PASSENGERS WERE PERMITTED TO LAND WHILE THOSE IN THE LOWER CLASS WERE STRICTLY PROHIBITED - MAY 4 WHEN THEY ALLOWED TO DISEMBARK AND HE STAYED AT THE FIRST CLASS (PALACE HOTEL) IN SAN FRANCISCO UNTIL MAY 6 - -- MAY 6 HE WENT TO OAKLAND ONBOARD A TRAIN, TOOK AN EVENING MEAL IN SACRAMENTO AND WOKE UP IN RENO, NEVADA. -- - HE ALSO VISITED UTAH, COLORADO, NEBRASKA, ILLINOIS AND FINALY REACHED NEW YORK ON MAY 13 - ON BEDLOE ISLAND HE AS SEEN THE STATURE OF LIBERTY SYMBOLIZING FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY, IRONICALLY HE OBSERVED THAT THERE WAS RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE LAND AND THIS CONCLUDED THAT REAL FREEDOM WAS ONLY FOR THE WHITE **Rizal\'s Impression About America** ***Positive*** - America is a land of great opportunity especially for immigrants. - It has a huge farms and factories. - It has a natural beauty - It has a high standard of living. ***Negative*** - Rizal complained about the racial prejudice of the Americans which was inconsistent with its principle of liberty, freedom, and democracy. 1\. A colored man cannot merry a white man. 2\. There were hatred against the Chinese. \"American is the land par excellence of freedom but only for whites.\" - He left New York on May 16, 1888 and arrived in Liverpool on May 24,1888 and stayed there for a day before moving to London where he stayed as a guest in a house of Antonio Ma. Regidor. **LONDON** - He lived in London from May 1888 - March 1889. He chose it for 3 reasons: 1. to improve his knowledge on English 2. to study Dr. Antonio de Morga\'s book SUCCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS, which is found in the British Museum. 3\. London was safe from the Spaniards. He worked in the British Museum Library, studied, copied, and published Morga\'s book. He stayed as a guest of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor. - By May, he moved to a boarding house owned by the Beckett family. Because he was an excellent linguist, he became good friends with Dr. Reinhold Rost, a Sanskrit scholar, the greatest scholar of that century. He even spent time with him.Rost was impressed with his manners and called him \"UNA PERLA DE HOMBRE\" or Pearl of a Man. - He became the honorary president of the patriotic Society asociacion la solidaridadand wrote articles for The la solidaridad - In his 10th month stay in london he has short visits in Paris, madrid and barcelona - In london he manually copied and annotated morga'ssucesos de Las islas filipinasa rare book available in the british museum - He commented on almost all pages of the book because of his Desire to rectify some of the points written so that the filipinos Would know and would have a clear understaning of the history Of the country - The annotation was published in paris in 1890 **News from Calamba** - Persecution of Filipino patriots who signed \"Anti-Friar Petition of 1888\" - Persecution of Calamba Tenants - Senators attacking Rizal - Manuel Hidalgo, Saturnina\'s Husband was exiled to Bohol - Laureano Viado, his friend was arrested for possessing copies of Noli. - Rev. Vicente Garcia\'s favorable defense of the Noli. **Reformists in Barcelona** **(Dec 31, 1888)** Filipino expatriates in Europe formed the Propaganda Movement (Madrid, Spain 1890) Foundation of Asociacion La Solidaridad President --**GalicanoApacible** VP- **Graciano Lopez Jaena** Honorary Pres. **-Jose Rizal** - **Feb. 15 1889** Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the newspaper LA SORIDARIDAD - **Rizal 1st article** = LOS AGRICULTORES FILIPINOS (the Filipino Farmers) Pen names: Dimas Alang, Laong Laan - He wrote a pamphlet against Fray Rodriguez \" - LA VISION DEL FRAY RODRIGUEZ Other works: - Letter to the Young Women of Malolos - Specimen of Tagal Folklore and Two Eastern Fables **He Left London on March 19 1889** **PARIS FRANCE** **MARCH 1889** - Too many tourists in the city, so he stayed with Valentin Ventura. He transferred from different hotels and boarding houses. - Visited the home of Pardo de Tavera - Composed the story of THE MONKEY AND THE TORTOISE. - He was fascinated by the Universal Exposition, especially the Eiffel Tower \-- MAY 6, 1889. - He organized the Kidlat Club, with Filipinos who wanted to join the expo. - He finalized his copy of Morga\'s book which showed evidence that the Filipinos were already civilized before the Spaniards came. **Kidlat Club** - Kidlat Club-purely a social society of a temporary nature - founded by Rizal simply to bring together young Filipinos in the French capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn (a temporary stay) in the city during the duration of the Universal Exposition - Why Kidlat Club? also disappear like lightning - A Social Club which counted Antonio and Juan Luna as members together with Julio Liorente, Gregorio Pautu, Baldomero Roxas, Gregorio Aguilar and Lauro Dimayuga. **The Second Group was Indios Bravos** - The former group was inspired by American Indians dressed in there traditional clothing and riding proudly on there horses. - Rizal noted that the Filipinos should not be ashamed of there race instead should be proud of it. R. **D.L.M.** - -- Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the Malayans) with R.D.L.M. initials is a secret society organized by Rizal. - Only a few of Rizal\'s trusted friends became members of the society, namely, Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa, Julio Llorente, Marcelo H. - Its aim is propagation of useful knowledge such as scientific, artistic, literary, etc. **HE LEFT FOR BRUSSELS, BELGIUM ARRIVED ON JANUARY 28, 1890** - Jose Albert accompanied him to Brussels. He also lived with Jose Alejandro. He left Paris because : - The expensive cost of living - The gay social life hampered his literary works. In Brussels, he made himself busy with sculpting, shooting, going to gym, writing and reading and writing articles for the La Solidaridad, examples are: *A La Defense, La verdad para Tados, Vicente Barrantes\' Teatro Tagalo, Una Profanacion, Crueldad, Ingratitudes, Etc.* - January 1, 1891 the Filipinos moved to recognize the Association Hispano Filipina. - Rizal scouted around to look for a suitable printing shop, he finally found one in Ghent, the Meyer Van Loo Press which agreed to print the book while being in pad in installment. - He was the first to advocate Filipinization of orthography: He adopted Filipinized tagalog in his translation of SCHILLER\'S WILHELM TELL, ANDERSON\'S FAIRYTALES and even in NOLI ME TANGERE. - He wrote an article about THE NEW ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE TAGALOG LANGUAGE in the newspaper. - He was criticized by his fellow Filipinos in Madrid for reminding them not to gamble too much for they destroy the nation\'s reputation. - He was even called POPE instead of PEPE. **Letters from Calamba** - Calamba agrarian trouble - Increasing rents of the hacienda lands by the Dominicans - An order from the Dominicans to disposes the Rizal family\'s land from them. - Persecution of Tenants - Paciano, Antonio Lopez, Silverstre Ublado were deported to Mindoro. - Manuel Hidalgo was banished to Bohol again. This made rizal fell the urge to go home for his people. But his friends, Blumentritt, Basa and Ponce warned him of danger. He change his mind of going home because he heard from paciano that they lost the agrarian case. Rizal planned to raise the case in madrid. He plans to defend it in spain. **He arrived in Madrid on August 1890**. But bad news piled as he arrived in the country. 1. *FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR THE FAMILY* Calamba was in chaos. Spanish statesmen only contributed words of sympathy. 2. *THE DEATH OF JOSE MARIA PANGANIBAN***,** his Propaganda comrade, in Barcelona due to illness on AUG. 19, 1890. 3\. ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA AND WENCESLAO RETANA. 3. INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RIVERA, planning to get married to an English man. 4. RIZAL and DEL PILAR\'S RIVALRY and ABDICATION OF LEADERSHIP IN LA SOLIDARIDAD, leading to divisions of the Filipino community in Madrid. - Rizal wanted to take a rest from the problems he was carrying. - He stayed in Biarritz for 1 month. He finished El Filibusterismo here. - He retired from the Propaganda movement and he wanted to focus on publishing El Fili and his medical profession. - He was deciding to settle either in the Philippines, Hongkong or Japan because Europe seemed a banishment to him due to the conflict in La Solidaridad. **RIZAL IN HONGKONG** - After completing the printing of El Filibusterismo Rizal finally decided to leave Europe and take up residence in Hong Kong. - October 18, 1891 Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseillas and arrived in Hong Kong on November 20 1891. - While in Hong Kong he wrote a letter to Queen Regent Maria Cristina. Explaining to her situation in Calamba. - Rizal made translation of Rousseaus Right of Man which was written during the French Revolution. - La Liga Filipina - the most important document he wrote the constitution which has Five Objective Namely: 1. Unite the Filipinos into homogenous body. 2. Mutual protection in everyone and necessity defense against all violence and injustice. 3. Encouragement of instructions. 4. Commence and agriculture among Filipinos. 5. Study and application of reforms.