Histology Revision - Beni-Suef University, 2023-2024

Beni- suef University - Fac. Vet. Med. Department of Cytology & Histology Revision of Practical Histology for the first year students first semester,2023-2024 prepared by: Dr. Tasneem Ashraf 1-Simple squamous epithelium (surface view) Organ: plant cell Stain: H&E Notice: -The cells...

Beni- suef University - Fac. Vet. Med. Department of Cytology & Histology Revision of Practical Histology for the first year students first semester,2023-2024 prepared by: Dr. Tasneem Ashraf 1-Simple squamous epithelium (surface view) Organ: plant cell Stain: H&E Notice: -The cells are large, polyhedral - the nuclei are rounded& centrally situated -acidophilic cytoplasm. 2 2-Simple cuboidal epithelium Organ: Thyroid gland Stain: H&E Notice: - The cells appear as squares with centrally situated, large spherical nucleus & 3 acidophilic cytoplasm. 3-Simple columnar epithelium Organ: Gall bladder Stain :- H&E Notice: - The cells are taller than width. 4 -the nuclei are oval and basally situated. 4-Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cell in between(respiratory epithelium). Organ: Trachea Stain: H&E Notice: - The taller cells reach the surface and carry cilia while the short cells fail to reach the surface. The nuclei arranged in more than one level 5 - number of goblet cell are present between columnar cells A Rounded nucleus of short (basal) cell B Goblet cell 5-Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium Organ: Oesophagus Stain: H&E Notice: - The basal layer is formed of one layer ofcolumnar cells with basally located oval nuclei. - The intermediate layers are several layers polygonal cells with spherical nuclei. - The superficial cells are squamous with flattened nuclei. 6-Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium Organ: Skin Stain: H&E Notice: - The basal layer is formed of columnar cells with basally located oval nuclei. - The intermediate layers are polygonal cells with spherical nuclei. -The superficial cells are squamous with flattened nuclei. -The appearance of horny non-living keratin layer on the superficial squamous cell layer. 7-Transitional epithelium Organ: Urinary bladder Stain: H&E Notice: - The basal cells are cuboidal -The intermediate cells are pear-shaped -The superficial cells are dome-shaped and sometimes binucleated  A 8-Goblet cell Organ: Small intestine Stain: Alcian blue Notice: -It has upper expanded part which is enlarged and a lower narrow part. - The apical part of the cell is filled with darkly blue colored mucigen granules. A: blue colored mucigen granules by alcian blue stain. 9-Serous adenomere (end-piece) Organ: Pancreas Stain: H&E Notice: - The cells are truncated pyramidal and the lumen is narrow. - The basal part of the cells are strongly basophilic. -The apical cytoplasm is acidophilic, rich in zymogen granules. - The nucleus is spherical and basally present. A: apical acidophilic cytoplasm B: basal spherical nucleus 10-Mucous adenomere (end-piece) Organ: Sublingual salivary gland Stain: H&E Notice: - The cells are high cuboidal and the lumen is wide. - The cytoplasm is filled with foamy unstained mucigen granules. - The nucleus is flat and rest on the base of the cell. Basal flat nucleus  M 11-Seromucoid (mixed) adenomere organ: Mandibular salivary gland Stain: H&E Notice: - Some of the adenomeres of the gland are mucous capped with serous demilunes. -There are mucous units by serous units. A Cap of serous demilunes (crescents of Gianuzzi) B Serous adenomere M Mucous adenomere 12-Sebaceous gland Organ: dermis of Skin Stain: H&E. Notice: - it is attached to hair follicle. - it is lined by 2 types of cells: peripheral stem cells& central holocrine cells -The secretion is synthesized and released together with the entire cells (Holocrine gland). 13-Mast cell Organ: submucosa of organs Stain: Toulidine blue Notice: - The cell is large and oval in shape. -The cytoplasm is filled with coarse metachromatic granules (violet) which may obscure the nucleus.  c 14-White fat cell Organ: perirenal fat Stain: H&E Notice: - The fat globule filling the major part of the cell. - The nucleus is compressed and peripherally situated. - Thin rim of acidophilic cytoplasm - The white fat cell attains signet ring appearance A: peripheral flat nucleus B: thin rim of cytoplasm C: large vacuole 15-White fat cell Organ: perirenal fat Stain: Osmic acid Notice: - The large fat globule takes the black color and fills the major part of the cell. 16-Pigment cell Organ: iris of the eye Stain: H&E Notice: - The cell is large showing long, branched cytoplasmic processes. - The cytoplasm is filled with pigment (melanin granules) which may obscure the nucleus. 17-Mucous connective tissue Organ: Umbilical cord Stain: H&E Notice: - The cells are mainly mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes. - The intercellular substance is abundant, jelly-like and containing fine collagen fibers. 18-Reticular tissue Organ: Liver Stain: Gomori's reticulin stain Notice: - The branching and anastomosing fine and blackish brown reticular fibers forming network. 19-Dense regular connective tissue Organ: Tendon Stain: H&E Notice: - The parallel bundles of collagen fibers surrounded by loose connective tissue. - The tendon cells are compressed between the collagen fibers. 20-Dense irregular connective tissue Organ: Dermis of Skin Stain: H&E Notice: - The closely packed irregularly distributed collagen fibers. - the fibroblast are found in narrow spaces between the fibers. 21-Fenestrated elastic membranes Organ: Aorta. Stain: Weigert’s elastic stain. Notice: - The tunica media is formed of zegzaged fenestrated elastic membranes parallel to each other. 22-White adipose tissue Organ: perirenal fat Stain: H&E Notice: - The adipose tissue is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and formed of lobules filled with while fat cells.  c 23-Hyaline cartilage Organ: Trachea Stain: H&E Notice: - The hyaline cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium (Outer fibrous layer: formed of dense irregular C.T&fibroblasts Inner cellular layer: rich in chondrogenic cells) - The chondrocytes are present inside lacunae either single or in groups (cell nest). - The matrix is slightly basophilic containing fine collagen fibers. A: chondrocyte inside lacuna B: perichonderium C: cell nest 24-Elastic cartilage Organ: Ear pinna. Stain: Weigert's elastic stain Notice: - The cartilage is surrounded by perichonderium. -The matrix contains extensive network of elastic fibers run in different directions around the lacunae. 25-Fibro-cartilage Organ: Intervertebral disc Stain: H&E Notice: - parallel bundles of collagen fibers - The chondrocytes in lacunae are arranged singly or in rows between the collagen bundles. A: bundle of collagen fibers B: chondrocyte in lacuna  D A c B 26-Compact bone C.S. Organ: Femur bone Stain: H&E Notice: - The circumferential lamellae under the periostium - The central Haversian canal surrounded by concentrically arranged haversian lamellae(calcified collagen bundles housing osteocytes in lacunae). - Interstitial lamellae and VoIkman's canal. A: central haversian canal B: osteocyte inside lacuna C: concentric lamellae of calcified collagen bundles. D: interstitial lamellae 27-Spongy bone Organ: Extremity of femur bone. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The branching and anastomosing bony specules (formed of calcified collagen bundles housing osteocyte inside lacuna) surrounding blood forming cells of bone marrow. 28-Mammalian blood Organ: Blood film. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The erythrocytes are discoid, biconcave and non nucleated. - in some cases, RBCs adhere together showing a Rouleaux appearance. 29-Camel blood Organ: Blood film. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The erythrocytes are elliptical, biconcave and non nucleated. 30-Avian blood Organ: Blood film Stain: H&E Notice: - The erythrocytes are oval, biconvex and nucleated 31-Skeletal muscle Organ: Tongue. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The muscle fiber is long cylinder-like parallel to each other with marked cross Striation&acidophilic cytoplasm. - The nuclei are multiple, flattened and peripherally situated. 32-Cardiac muscle Organ: The heart. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The muscle fibers are short&cylindrical, branching and anastomosing forming complete one net. - striated&acidophilic cytoplasm - The nucleus is single, oval and centrally situated. 33-Smooth muscle Organ: Small intestine. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The muscle fiber is non striated, spindle-shaped with tapered ends. - acidophilic cytoplasm. - The nucleus is single, central in position and Cigar-shaped. 34-Multipolar nerve cell Organ: Spinal cord Stain: H&E Notice: - The cells are star-shaped with several processes(one axon&several dendrites) filled with basophilic granules(Nissle granules). - The nucleus is spherical, vesicular and central. 35-Peripheral nerve trunk L. S. Organ: Nerve trunk. Stain: Osmic acid. Notice: - The darkly stained myelin sheath, the node of Ranvier and the unstained axons. 36-Peripheral nerve trunk C. S Organ: Nerve trunk Stain: Osmic acid Notice: - The dark ring-like myelin sheath around unstained axon  B A 37-Cerebellum Organ: Cerebellum. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The cerebellar cortex formed of: -outer molecular layer(formed of outer satellate cells, basket cells&dendrites of the purkinje cells) - middle purkinje cell layer(composed of single layer of multipolar piriform nerve cells). -inner granular layer(Golgi type II cells& the small granular cells) -The cerebellar medulla formed of myelinated nerves A: inner granular layer B: outer molecular layer Purkinji cell  B A 38-Lamellar corpuscle Organ: Pancreas. Stain: H&E. Notice: - The corpuscle is formed of a C.T capsule housing concentrically arranged several lamellae of modified Schwan cells surround central expanded nerve ending resembling a sliced onion. A: concentrically arranged several lamellae of modified Schwan cells. B: central expanded nerve ending.  C B A 39-Cerebro-spinal ganglion Organ: Spinal ganglion Stain: H&E Notice: - The pseudounipolar neurons are arranged in groups and completely surrounded by satellite cells. - prescence of myelinated nerve fibers - Covered externally by thick C.T capsule. A: pseudo unipolar neuron B: myelinated nerve fibers C: thick C.T capsule Capsular cell  B A 40-Autonomic ganglion Organ: Sympathetic ganglion Stain: H&E Notice: - The multipolar neurons are irregularly distributed and the satellite cells do not form a continuous capsule. - prescence of unmyelinatd nerve fibers. -Covered externally by a thin C.T capsule. A: multipolar neurons B: unmyelinatd nerve fibers. Satellite cells. Connective tissue capsule 41-Tonsil with crypt Organ: palatine tonsil of Ox Stain: H&E Notice: - Invagination of the stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium - Lymphoid follicles and diffuse lymphoreticular around the crypt and subepithelially. - Seromucoid tonsillar glands open at the surface epithelium. a- surface epithelium b- tonsilar crypt c- lymphoid follicle (germinal center) e- diffuse lymphoreticular tissue f- condensation of connective tissue 42-Intestinal tonsil Organ: Ileum of small intestine Stain: H&E Notice: -The intestinal villi are lined by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. - Both nodular and diffuse lymphoreticular tissue aggregate in the Lamina propria and may extend to submucosa. -at tip of follicle, the epithelium changed to low cuboidal cell called M-cell 43-Thymus gland Stain: H&E Notice: - The gland is surrounded by loose c.t capsule sending incomplete septa dividing the cortex & not reach medulla. -outer dark cortex contain closely packed small inactive t-lymphocytes. -inner pale medulla contain few large active t-lymphocyte& Hassals corpuscle. Thymus gland 44-Lymph node Organ: Lymph node of dog Stain: H&E Notice: -The lymph node is surrounded by c.t capsule send incomplete septa. -outer cortex contain lymphatic nodules -paracortex contain t- lymphocytes. - Subcapsular, trabecular & inter follicular sinuses. - -inner medulla contain medullary cords & medullary sinuses. 45-Spleen Stain: H&E Notice: -The thick capsule (dense irregular c.t contain smooth muscle fibers) -the parenchyma is formed of white pulp and red pulp. -the white pulp: lymph follicles with germinal center & follicular arteriole at one side (the follicles distributed irregularly) -the red pulp contain RBCs