Summary

This document discusses academic writing techniques, including stating a thesis, paraphrasing, and using different grammar. It also includes information on using appropriate language in academic writing and different approaches to writing criticism. It's likely part of an academic curriculum or textbook and suitable for undergraduate students.

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1ST Semester – 1st Quarter | EAPP...

1ST Semester – 1st Quarter | EAPP S.Y. 2024-2025 Stating your Thesis LESSON 1: ACADEMIC WRITING - what scholars do to communicate with other scholars THESIS STATEMENT - research report (biologist), interpretative essay (literary - topic; assertion; you claim to be true scholars), media analysis (film scholars) - result of thinking process; not miraculous creation - “working thesis”: need adjustment IS A PROCESS  Posing a question Paraphrasing  Problematizing a concept - to rewrite something in different way; using own words  Evaluating an opinion METHOD 1: USE DIFFERENT VOCABULARY WITH THE  Answering the questions posed SAME MEANING HAS A SPECIFIC PURPOSE  To inform  To argue a specific point  To persuade METHOD 2: CHANGE THE ORDER OF WORDS ADDRESSES A SPECIFIC AUDIENCE  Teacher (for the most part)  Peers (read & evaluate the work)  Academic Community (read the work) IS THINKING - we cannot just write anything what comes to our mind  Abide set of rules & practices  Language: appropriate & formal; not too pretentious  Often longer & more intricate than in popular METHOD 3: USE DIFFERENT GRAMMAR magazines CONSIDERS KNOWLEDGE & BACKGROUND OF AUDIENCE  Use of Jargons – same field/discipline  Use layman’s terms – outsiders IS BACKED UP/SUPPORTED WITH STRONG & VALID EVIDENCE  Deliberate, thorough, & careful thought 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing  Involves research  Reread until you understand LITERARY TEXT ACADEMIC TEXT  Write paraphrase on note card Tone Reflective & Serious &  Jot down words personal impersonal  Check it with the original Style Symbolic & Formal & imaginative authoritative  Use quotation; for unique terms or phraseology Choice of Simple but may be Uses specialized  Record the source; credit Words figurative language of Writing an Outline discipline - improve writing Organization Flows freely & Follows a pattern of Ideas spontaneously - determine logical organization (sequence) Purpose To show/tell To inform, - check that all ideas are relevant unfolding of explain, - see at glance where you need more evidence details/events argue/assert - saves time & frustration Intended Varies, depending Discipline- - “picture” of essay Audience on complexity of specific Summarizing text - use own words; only the main points - shorter than original; broad overview 1ST Semester – 1st Quarter | EAPP S.Y. 2024-2025 Using Appropriate Language - critical assessments, analyses, or evaluation of different works Avoid using: JARGONS – vocabulary of special group/profession - use proofs and logical reasoning SLANG – playful, informal, specific group Critical Approaches in Writing a Critique EUPHEMISMS – gentler way of expressing; indirect - different perspectives we consider when looking at HOMOPHONE – pronounced the same; differ in piece of literature meanings, origins, spellings 1. FORMALISM DOUBLE-TALK – appears to be earnest & meaningful; but mixture of sense & nonsense - intrinsic properties; treats each work as distinct work - understanding through the text itself LESSON 2: WRITING A REACTION PAPER, - form, structure, style, tone, imagery, meaning REVIEW OR CRITIQUE - close-reading Things to Consider in Effectively Presenting  author’s techniques Your Point  central passage  contribution of parts as a whole LANGUAGE  rhymes & rhythms - unbiased  relationship of form & content VIEWPOINTS  use of imagery - angle, outlook, point of view  interconnectedness of parts COUNTERARGUMENT  paradox, ambiguity, irony  unity - argument opposed to another argument 2. FEMINISM SATIRE - women as subjects of socio-political, psychological, and - less formal; inject humor & relax reader economic oppression STRAW MAN - patriarchal; men: superior, women: inferior - insubstantial concept, idea, endeavor, or argument  how culture determines gender - weakly supported; can be easily knock down  gender equality - to impugn the strength  gender issues CONCESSION  how women are oppressed by patriarchy - acknowledges the merits of opposing argument  patriarchal ideology CREDIBILITY 3. READER-RESPONSE CRITICISM - reputation impacting one’s ability to be believed - viewer’s reaction a. FACT - readers: not passive & distant; active consumers  interaction b/w reader & the text - objective data, valid, true/false  reader’s delivery of sounds & visuals b. OPINION 4. MARXIST CRITICISM - personal views/judgements - Karl Marx - economic classes; capitalist system OPPOSITION - socio-economic system - opposite or contrasting position  Social class as represented in the work Reaction Paper, Review, Critique  Social class of the writer  Social class of the characters - specialized form of writing; evaluates  Conflicts/interactions b/w economic classes  Scholarly work (academic books, articles)  Work of art (performance, art, play, dance, 5. PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITICISM sports, film, exhibits) - psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud  designs (industrial, furniture, fashion design) - human behavior; wish fulfillment, sexuality,  graphic designs (posters, billboards, unconscious, repression commercials, digital media) 6. HISTORICAL CRITICISM - 250-750 function words - period of time; historical events - social, cultural, & intellectual context 1ST Semester – 1st Quarter | EAPP S.Y. 2024-2025 7. BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM - purpose: to stipulate meaning by limiting, extending, - author’s life & background redirecting Structure W/no prescribed 10 Ways in Elucidating a Concept structure Intro (5%) Intro Definition Examples  Title  Basic details (title, FORMAL - follows a A robot is a  Writer’s name director, artist) pattern/equation machine that  Thesis statement  Main assessment - term + genus + looks like a human summary (10%) Analysis/Interpretation differentia being and  Objective/purpose  Critical Approach (differentiating performs complex  Methods  Aspects; characteristics) acts of human  Major findings success/failure beings. Review/Critique (75%)  Unanswered SYNONYM word that shares Hashish -  Does explicitly state questions/plotlines same meaning marijuana thesis  Relate in other ORIGIN / history/ Yoga comes from  Assumptions ideas/events SEMANTIC evolution of the Sanskrit “to join”  Contribution to the  What stood out HISTORY word field Conclusion/Evaluation ILLUSRATION describes; Known for  Problems/issues  Reinforcement of examples shedding their presented main assessment leaves in the fall,  Kind of info;  Comparison to deciduous, trees, conclusion (10%) similar work include oaks and  Overall impression  Recommendation maples.  Scholarly/literary FUNCTION How it works/ A thermometer value operates measures  Benefits temperature  Suggestion change. ANALYSIS break down The republican Guidelines in Writing whole into parts; form of  Read carefully  Whether findings are aspects into government has  Relate to what you know supported levels; process three branches:  How book treats the topic  Suggest for into steps executive,  Type of analysis/mode of improvement legislative, and presentation  Point out what writer judiciary. missed out LIKENESS/ almost the same Brighter than For artworks & other media SIMILARITY 100M suns,  Speculative verbs (evoke, create, appear, & suggest) quasars stand like  Describe it to the reader; simple terms (don’t spoil) beacons on the shore of universe. General Note (Did the work…) ANALOGY/ More specific The germs are like  hold your interest METAPHOR villains invading or  annoy/excite you body, attacking  prompt you to raise questions our unseen  lead you to realizations defenders.  remind you of other materials CONTRAST Opposite Unlike those of meaning; direct gas, plasma is LESSON 3: CONCEPT PAPER electrically CONCEPT charged. - general notion/idea; conception NEGATION What a term is Wild rice, an - combine characteristics; a construct not; not direct American delicacy, CONCEPT PAPER is not rice at all - defines idea/concept but the seed of a - clarify “whatness” tall aquatic grass. - definition, expanded definition, analytic description

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