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CHAPTER I known as Dona Sisa and can recite from memory all the poems of Jose Rizal and ADVENT OF A NATIONAL HERO m...

CHAPTER I known as Dona Sisa and can recite from memory all the poems of Jose Rizal and ADVENT OF A NATIONAL HERO married to Antonio Lopez. Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonso y Realonda OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; a MERCADO telegraph operator in Manila died in 1887 -They adopted the surname Mercado on 1731 from childbirth. because Domingo Lamco is a “MERCHANT” -MERCADO means “MARKET” LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa The Rizal's is considered one of the biggest families who died in cholera and was denied a during their time. Domingo Lam-co, the family’s Christian burial. paternal ascendant was a full-blooded Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy, China in the MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) closing years of the 17th century and married a The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz Chinese half-breed by the name of Ines de la Rosa. of Biñan, Laguna. The only sister of Rizal who lived up to 1950's. Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and Teodora JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother. The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898) 30,1896. Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 off-springs of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose College, The eight child. Died at the age of three. Manila; and died in Manila. JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster. Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well- the family to die. read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila. SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) The youngest child married Pantaleon SIBLINGS OF RIZAL Quintero. Studied at La Concordia College where she and Leonor Rivera where SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) classmates. Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Concepcion (1862-1865) Concha, Rizal’s first sorrow Batangas, and published Pascual H. Poblete's Tagalog translation of the Noli Me Tangere. Josefa (1865-1945) Panggoy died an old maid at the PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) age of 80 Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila; Trinidad (1868-1945) Trining also died an old maid at became a farmer and later a general of the the age of 83 Philippine Revolution and married Severina Decena. Soledad (1870-1929) Choleng-Pantaleon Quintero NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician. Also,  - Cartographer Saturnina (1850-1913) Neneng-Manuel T. Hidalgo - Bibliophile - Philologist Paciano (1851-1930)-Severina Decena as mistress - Grammarian - Folklorist Narcisa (1852-1939)-Sisa-Antonio Lopez DIMASALANG Olimpia (1855-1887) Ypia-Silvestre Ubaldo - Philosopher - Translator Lucia (1857-1919)-Mariano Herbosa - Inventor - Magician Maria (1859-1945) Biang-Daniel Faustino Cruz - Humorist June 19, 1861 Moonlit Night Wednesday Iin HERO Calamba, Laguna - Sportsman June 22 , 1861 he was baptized by Fr. Rufino - Traveler Collantes and Fr. Pedro Casanas as God father - Prophet His second father was his brother Paciano - Opthalmic surgeon HOME LIFE OF RIZAL  Simple, contented, and happy life CHAPTER II  Rich in Filipino custom  Rizal’s parent never spoiled their children, ❖ First memory of Rizal in his fancy was his they were strict and trained their children to happy days in the family garden when he was love God, to behave well. To be obedient, and 3 years old. to respect people ❖ His father built a little nipa cottage in the garden for him to play in the day time. JOSE ❖ A kind of old woman was employed as an aya - Physician (nurse maid) to look after his comfort. - Poet ❖ At times, he was left alone to muse on the - Dramatist beauties of nature or to play by himself. - Essayist ❖ Watch from his garden cottage, the culiauan, - Novelist the maya, the mariacapra, the martin, the - Historian pipit, and other birds and listened. ❖ Another childhood memory was the daily RIZAL Angelus prayer. - Architect ❖ By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gather - Painter all the children at the house to pray the - Sculptor Angelus. - Educator ❖ He also remembered the happy moonlight at - Linguist the azotea after the nightly rosary. - Musician ❖ The aya related to the Rizal children (including Jose) many stories about the fairies; tales of PEPE buried treasure and trees blooming with - Naturalist diamonds, and other fabulous stories. - Ethnologist ❖ Sometimes, when he did not like to take his - Surveyor supper, the aya would threaten him that the - Engineer asuang, the nuno, the tigbalang, or a terrible - Businessman bearded and turbaned Bombay would come - Economist to take him away if he would not eat his supper. LAONG-LAAN ❖ Nocturnal walk in the town, especially when - Geographer there was a moon.  ❖ The aya took him for a walk in the moonlight HEREDITARY INFLUENCE by the river. Malayan Ancestors- Love for freedom, innate desire to travel and indomitable courage. Hero’s First sorrow Chinese Ancestors - Serious nature, frugality Jose love most the little Concha (Concepcion) patience and love for children Concha died at sickness in 1865, when he was Spanish Ancestors – Elegance of bearing, only three years old. sensitivity to insult and gallantry to ladies. Father – Profound sense of respect , the love Father leoncio Lopez for work and the habit of independent Town priest, Rizal used to visit this Filipino thinking priest and listen to his stimulating opinions on Mother-Religious nature, the spirit of self- current events and sound philosophy of life. sacrifice and the passion for arts and Filipino parish priest of Calamba. Father Lopez literature. was a great and close family friend of the Rizals. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE The religious atmosphere at his home - PILGRIMAGE TO ANTIPOLO Religious nature. On June 6, 1868 Jose and his father left Father Leoncio Lopez- Love for Calamba to go on pilgrimage in Antipolo. scholarship. It was the first trip of Jose across Sisters- courteous and kind to women Laguna de Bay. And his first Pilgrimage in Tito Gregorio- Voracious reading of Antipolo. good books. He and his father rode in a casco Tito Manuel – enhance his frail (barge). walking and wrestling. He did not sleep the whole night as the casco Tito Jose Alberto – Artistic ability. sailed towards the Pasig River. Brother Paciano – Love for freedom It was the first time Jose saw Manila. and justice. They visited Saturnina, who was then a Aya / Nurse maid- Interest in folklore boarding student at La Concordia College in and legends Santa Ana. Sorrows in his family- Character enabling him to resist blows of RIZAL AS; adversity in late years. The religious atmosphere at his Artist at age of 5 Home- Realigious nature to mold in clay and wax objects Poet at Age of 8 AID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE TO MY FELLOW CHILDREN God – Versatile gifts of genius , the vibrant Dramatist at age of 8 spirit of nationalism and the valiant heart to Tagalog comedy sacrifice for a noble cause Magician at early Manhood With his dexterous hands , he learned various CHAPTER III tricks. He entertained his town folks with Best Student in School magic lantern exhibitions. Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish , Latin and other subjects His Black dog named Usman CHARACTER ENCOUNTERED BY RIZAL All right laugh at me now “ Someday when I die , Doña Teodora- At the age of 3, Rizal learned people will make monuments and images of me!” alphabet and prayers Maestro Celestino- First private tutor Maestro Lucas Padua- Second private tutor Leon Monroy- Instructed Jose in Spanish and Lati, he died after 5 months  Paciano- Accompanied Jose from Calamba to CHAPTER V Biñan Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- Rector of Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas the school in Biñan ( 1877 – 1882 ) Pedro- Son of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz, also a bully classmate DOÑA TEODORA Tio Manuel- Skills for wrestling Opposed the idea Of sending Rizal to University to Andres Salandanan- Arm-wrestling match, pursue Higher Education Jose having the weaker arm and he lose Despite her mother’s opposition, Don Francisco told Old Juancho- Freely gave Rizal a lessons in Paciano to accompany Rizal to Manila. drawing and painting Jose Guevarra- Became apprentice of the old April 1877 painter Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters. End of Biñan Schooling Reasons: December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan 1. His Father likes it Talim – the steamer that Jose rode 2. He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue. Arturo Camps – a Frenchman and a friend of Don Francisco, he took care of Jose during the trip Fr. Pablo Ramon Rector of the Ateneo Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za January 20, 1872 1877 – 1878 Fr. Mariano Gomez Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, Fr. Jose Burgos and History of Philosophy during his first year term. Fr. Jacinto Zamora 1877 – 1879 Rizal took up medical course upon the advised of Injustice to the Hero’s Mother Ateneo’s Rector to study medicine. In 1872, Doña Teodora was arrested on a Reason: malicious charge that she aided his brother Jose - To be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness Alberto in trying to poison his wife Jose Alberto planned to divorce his wife While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in because of her infidelity Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading to the Jose Alberto’s wife connived with the Spanish title of “ Perito Agrimensor” ( Expert Surveyor). lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and filed a case against He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course Rizal’s mother obtaining gold medals in Agriculture and Topography Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the lieutenant At the age of 17 , he passed the final exam in the arrest Doña Teodora surveying course but could not granted the title as 50 kilometers – Doña Teodora was made to Surveyor because he was under age. walk from Calamba to the provincial prison in Santa Cruz November 25, 1881 Don Francisco de Marcaida & Don Manuel The title as Surveyor to Rizal. Mazano – most famous lawyers of manila, defended Doña Teodora in court Extra-Curricular Activities After 2 years – the Royal Audienca acquitted 1. President, Academy of Spanish Literature. Doña Teodora 2. Secretary, Academy of Natural Sciences. 3. Secretary, Marian Congregation. Segunda Katigbak Miss L. fair with seductive and attractive eyes. Reasons: The Council of the Gods 1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh was based on the Greek classics in his heart. aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo 2. His father did not like the family of Miss L. Prize: Gold Ring engraved the bust of Cervantes Leonor “ Orang” Valenzuela Winners: a medical student from Calamba, Laguna 1st Place : Jose Rizal(19 years old) the charming daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana 2nd Place: D.N. Del Puzo (Spanish) Sanday Valenzuela. -- Because of its literary superiority tall girl with a regal bearing Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in invisible OTHER LITERARY WORKS ink. “Junto Al Pasig” ( Besides the Pasig) (Zarzuela) staged by the ateneans on December 8, Leonor Rivera 1880 of the Annual Celebration of the Feast Day of Rizal’s cousin from Camiling. Immaculate Concepcion (Patroness of Ateneo). born in Camiling, tarlac on April 11, 1867 A Filipinas a student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s ( a sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino artists to sister, Soledad was then studying. glorify the Philippines. frail, pretty girl, and tender as a budding flower with Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma kindly wistful eyes. (poem, 1879) was declaimed by an Atenean, Manuel Fernandez on the night of December 8, 1879 in honor Tai s Leonor’s pseudonym in order to camouflage of the Ateneo’s Patroness. their intimate relationship from their parents and AI M.R.P. Pablo Ramon friends. (a poem, 1881) Rizal wrote a poem as an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, The Ateneo Rizal lived in: Rector, who had been so kind and helpful to him. Casa Tomasina No.6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN Summer of may 1881 Antonio Rivera Rizal’s landlord – uncle Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil, father of Leonor Rivera famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores. he was accompanied by his sisters -— Saturnina, One dark summer vacation night of 1878 in Calamba Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends. when Rizal was a freshman Medical student at the they took a casco(flat-bottom sailing vessel) from University of Santo Tomas. He was walking in the Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at the home of street and dimly perceived the figure of a man while Mr. and Mrs.Manuel Regalado, whose san Nicolas passing him not knowing the person was a Lieutenant was Rizal’s friend in Manila. of the Guradia Civil, he did no salute not say a greetings. With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped Rizal and his companions were fascinated by the out his sword and brutally slashed his back. famous Turumba(people dancing in the streets during the procession in honor of the miraculous Birhen “THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS” (1880) Maria de los Dolores) Artistic- Literacy Lyceum Reasons why Rizal and his company made side trip opened another literary contest (to both Filipinos to the neighbouring town of Pagsanjan: and Spaniards) to commemorate the 4th centennial of 1. It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela. the death of Cervantes 2. To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls. Cervantes was a Spain’s glorified man-of-letters and famous CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS author of Don Quixote. Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled “El their fights against the arrogant Spanish students. In Consejo de los Dioses” ( The Council of the Gods). 1880, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in the University of Santo Tomas called “ Compañerismo” (Comradeship) whose members were called “ Companions of jehu” after the valiant Hebrew He did not seek his parent’s permission and blessings general who fought the Armaeans. to go abroad; and even his beloved Leonor. Galicano Apacible (Rizal’s cousin from Batangas) was the secretary. Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila where CHAPTER VI Rizal was wounded on the head, and tenderly ashed SUNNY -SPAIN and dressed by Leonor Rivera in his boarding house “ Casa Tomasina” Rizal’s Secret Mission This mission which rizal conceived with the UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST approval of his older brother paciano was to observe The Dominican were hostile to him the Filipino keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, students were racially discriminated by the Spaniards. industries and commerce, and governments and laws The method of instruction was obsolete and of European nations order to prepare himself in the repressive. mighty task liberating his oppressed people from Result: Spanish tyranny. -- Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo failed to win high scholastic grade. Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona, the greatest city of Cataluna and Spain’s second largest City. was RIZAL’S SCHOLASTIC RECORDS IN THE UST(1879 – unfavorable. 1882) The Filipinos in Barcelona, some of whom were his 1877 – 1878( Philosophy & Letters) school mates in Ateneo. Welcomed Rizal. They gave Cosmology & Metaphysics... Excellent him a pan at their favorite Café in Plaza de Cataluna. Theodicy.... “Amor patrio” In progressive Barcelona rizal wrote Excellent nationalistic essay entitled “Amor patrio” (love of History of Philosophy... Excellent country) his first article written on Spain soil. He sent st 1878 -1879 (Medicine) 1 year this article to his friend in Manila, Basilio teodoro Physics... Fair moron, publisher of diarong tagalong, the first Manila Chemistry... bilingual newspaper (Spanish and tagalong). Excellent Publisher Basilio teodoro moron, deeply Natural History... Good impressed by “Amor Patrio”, congratulated rizal, and Anatomy 1... Good requested for more articles. In response to his request Dissection 1. rizal wrote the second article for diarong tagalong 1879 – 1880 (Medicine) – 2nd year entitled “Los viajes” (travels) his third article, entitled Anatomy 2.... Good “revista de Madrid ( review of Madrid), which he Dissection 2.... Good wrote in Madrid on November 29, 1882 was returned Physiology... Good to him because the diarong tagalog had ceased Private Hygiene... Good publication for lack of funds. Public Hygiene... Good 18080 – 1881 (Medicine)3rd year Life in Madrid, on November 3, 1882, rizal enrolled in General Pathology... Fair the unibersidad central de Madrid (central university Therapeutics.... Excellent of Madrid) in two courses – medicine and philosophy Surgery... Good and letters aside from his heavy studies in the 1881 – 1882 (Medicine) 4th year university, he studied painting and sculpture in the Medical Pathology... Very Good academy of fine arts of San Fernando. Surgical Pathology... Very Good Obstetrics.... Very Good Rizal being a lonely young man in foreign country, from his natal land, was attracted by Consuelo's DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD beauty and vivacity. He even composed a lovely After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, poem on August 22, 1883 dedicated to her. In this Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no longer poem titled A La Senorita he expressed his admiration endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination and for her,. He found jolace and joy in her company. hostility in the University of Santo Tomas. Rizal as a Mason scientist, Dr. Feodor Jagor, Dr. Adolph B. Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Meyer, and Rudolph Virchow. Mason’s openly and freely criticized the government His merits as a scientist were recognized by policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be eminent scientist of Europe. done in the Philippines. later he transferred to lodge solidaridad (Madrid), In Gay Paris (1885-86) where he became a master Mason on November 15, MAXIMO VIOLA – a medical student from San 1890 still later, on February 15, 1892, he was awarded Miguel, Bulacan. the diploma as master Mason by Le Grand Orient de Señor Eusebio Corominas – the editor in chief France in Paris. of the newspaper La Publicidad Don Miguel Morayta- The owner of La A touching incident in Rizal’s life in Madrid occurred Publicidad on June 24, 1884 because he was broke, he was November 1885 – Rizal was living in Paris, unable to take breakfast that day. With an empty where he was sojourned for about four stomach, he attended his class at the university, months participated in the contest in Greek language and won Dr. Louis de Weckert – Leading French the gold medal. ophthalmologist where Rizal worked as an assistant. Studied Completed in Spain Rizal completed his Outside of his working hours, Rizal relaxed by visiting medicine courses in Spain. He was conferred the his friends, such as family of the Pardo de degree of licentiate in medicine by the Universidad Taveras(Trinidad, Felix and Paz), Juan Luna and Felix central de Madrid on June 21, 1884. The next Resureccion Hidalgo. academic year (1884-85) he studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of doctor of medicine. Juan Luna – The great master of brush: Rizal Rizal also finished his studies in philosophy and helped him by posing as model in several letters with higher grades. He was awarded the paintings. degree of licentiate in philosophy and letters by the 1. “ The Death of Cleopatra” – Rizal Universidad central de Madrid on June 19, 1885 (his posed as an Egyptian priest. 24th birthday) with the rating of “excellent” 2. “ The Blood Compact” – He posed as (Sobresaliente). Sikatuna. Rizal as Musician Rizal completed his studies in spain by obtaining the Rizal has no natural aptitude for music, and degree of licentiate in philosophy and letters, he this he admitted. He only studied music became qualified to be a professor for humanities in because many of his schoolmates at Ateneo any Spanish university. And by receiving his degree of were taking music lessons. licentiate in medicine, he became a full-fledged In a letter dated November 27,1878, he told physician, qualified to practice medicine. Enrique Lete that he “ learned the Solfeggio, Piano and voice culture in one month and a half. CHAPTER VII He was a flutist in various impromptu PARIS TO BERLIN (1885-1887) reunions of Filipinos in Paris. Some of his Compositions are: After completing his studies in Madrid, Rizal Aling mang lahi (Any race) went to Paris and Germany to specialize in La Deportacion(Deportation) Opthalmology. He particularly chose this branch of medicine In Historic Heidelberg because he wanted to cure his mothers February 1,1886 – Rizal left gay Paris for ailment. Germany He served as an assistant to the famous February 3, 1886 – He arrived in Heidelberg. oculist of Europe. Rizal was a good chess player, so the students In Berlin, capital of the unified Germany, he in University of heidelbrg made him a met and befriended several to German member of the Chess Player’s Club.  Dr. Otto Becker- a distinguished German Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its ophthalmologist. He worked at the University scientific atmosphere and the absence of race of Eye Hospital prejudice. “ To the Flowers of Heidelberg” – In the Dr. Feodor Jagor- German scientist traveller Spring of 1886, Rizal was fascinated by the and author of Travels in the Philippines blooming flowers along banks of the Neckar Dr. Rudolf Virchow- famous German River. anthropologist. His favorite Flower- the light blue “ forget- Dr. W. Joest- German geographer me-not” Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger- famous On April 22,1886, he wrote a fine poem. ophthalmologist “ A Las Flores de Heidelberg” Rizal became a member of the Anthroplogical Society, the Ethnonomological Society and With Pastor Ulmer at Wilhemsfeld Geographical Society In Berlin Rizal spent three-months in Wilhemsfeld, a mountainous village near Heidelberg. RIZAL’S LIFE IN BERLIN Dr. Karl Ulmer- a kind Protestant pastor. -He live in famous capital of unified Germany for five reaons: First letter to Blumentritt 1. To gain more knowledge of ophthalmology July 31,1886 – Rizal wrote his first letter in 2. To further his studies of sciences and German to professor Ferdinand Blumentritt, languages Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. 3. To observe the economic had political Rizal sent the book entitled Aritmetica. conditions on the German nations Blumentritt, the Austrian, became the best 4. To associate with famous German scientist friend of Rizal, the filipino. and Scholars In Leipzig and Dresden 5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere August 9,1886 -he boarded a train, visited He took private lessons under Madame Lucie Cerdole, various cities of Germany. professor of French. August 14,1886- he arrived in Leipzig. He attended some lectures at the university of RIZAL ON GERMAN WOMEN Leipzig on History and Psychology. Rizal wrote a letter addressed to her sister, Trinidad, Professor Friedrich Ratzel- a famous German expressing his high regard and admiration for German historian womanhood. Dr. Hans Meyer- German Anthropologist. THE GERMAN WOMEN In Leipzig - Serious He stayed two months and a half in this - Diligent German city. - Educated Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from - Friendly German into Filipino. He also translated hans THE SPANISH WOMEN Christian Andersen’s fairy tales. - Gossipy - Frivolous He worked as proof-reader in a publisher’s - Quarrelsome Firm. THE FILIPINO WOMEN - More interested in how they dressed than October 29 how much they know. He left Leipzig for Dresden - Fine manners He met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of the - Devotion Anthropological and Ethnomological - Hospitality Museum. German Customs Rizal Welcomed in Berlin’s Scientific Circles -He was delighted of the Germans Yuletide custom People take pine trees from the bushes and adorned it He finished one - half of the second – half of with lanterns, papers, lights, dolls, candies and fruits the chapters. -Self introduction to strangers in a social gatherings He finished the last fourth of the novel in According to German code of etiquette, it is bad Germany. Wrote the last few chapters of Noli manners for a guest to remain aloof, and wait for his in Wilhelmsfeld from April – June, 1886. host to make the proper introduction. Viola savior of the noli RIZAL’S DARKEST WINTER The winter of 1886 was his darkest winter Maximo Viola – arrived in Berlin a day before He lived in poverty Christmas Day of 1887. Rizal starved in Berlin and Shivered with He was shocked when he found Rizal living in wintry cold. poverty and deplorably sick due to lack of nourishment. CHAPTER VIII Seeing his friend’s struggle and poor condition gladly lend him a hand. He loaned him some NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN cash for living expenses and as well as funding 1887 the printing cost of his novel. Idea of Writing a Novel on the Philippines After Christmas season, Rizal put the finishing Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher touches on his Novel. Stowe’s – a book that inspired Dr. Rizal to - To save printing expenses, he deleted certain prepare a novel that would depict the passages and chapter of “Elias and Salome” miseries of the Filipino under Spanish Rule. February 21, 1887 – the novel was finally finished and ready for printing. Madrid on January 2, 1884 They managed to find cheap printing shop : Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about Berliner Buchdruckrei – Action – the Philippines. Geeselschaft. Charging them with only 300 Approved by: pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel. - Paternos (Pedro, Maximo, and Antonio) - Graciano Lopez Jaena - Evaristo de Lete RIZAL SUSPECTED AS FRENCH SPY - Julio Llorente - Melecio Figueroa In old days of travel, it was possible to travel - Valentin Ventura from another country without having a Rizal’s project did not materialize. Due to : passport. Compatriots who were expected to This lead the German Police to suspect as a collaborate on the novel did not write French Spy because Rizal doesn’t have any anything. passport to show. However, most of them wanted to write on women. However, Viola quickly accompanied Rizal to Wasted their time in gambling or flirting with the Spanish Embassy to seek help from the Spanish señoritas. Spanish Ambassador. But the ambassador He was disgusted and decided to write the novel failed to keep his promise due to that he had alone no power to issue the passport. Being fluent in German Language, he THE WRITING OF THE NOLI explained to the police chief that he was not a Paris in 1885 – completed his studies in the French Spy, but was a Filipino physician and Central University of Madrid and continued scientist. writing the Novel.  The chief was impressed by his explanation Maria Clara – childhood faithful sweetheart of and fascinated by his mastery of the German Crisostomo Ibarra, a good friend and obedient Language and personal charisma, so the daughter. She symbolizes purity and police chief allowed him to stay freely in innocence of a sheltered native woman. Germany. Padre Salvi – Franciscan parish priest of San Diego. PRINTING OF THE NOLI FINISHED Tasio the Philosopher (Pilosopo Tasio) – wise March 21, 1887 – the Noli Me Tangere came oldman whose ideas were to advanced for his of the press. Immediately, Rizal sent the first times so that the people, who could not copies to his close friends: understand him and called him the “Tasio the Lunatic”. - Bluementritt Don Filipo Lino – the teniente – mayor and - Dr.Antonio Ma. Regidor leader of the liberal faction. - Graciano Lopez Jaena Don Melchor – the captain of the cuadrilleros - Mariano Ponce (town police). - Felix Hidalgo Don Basilio and Don Valentin – former March 29, 1887 – Rizal gave Viola the galley gobernadorcillos and were prominent citizens. proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the Sisa – the tale of sisa – formerly a rich girl who pen that he used in writing the novel and a married a gambler and became poor. She’s complimentary copy. also the deranged mother of Basilio and Crispin. THE TITLE OF THE NOVEL Basilio – an acolyte (servant) tasked to ring Noli Me Tangere – is a latin phrase which the church bells for the Angelus. ‘Accused of means “Touch Me Not”. However, not crimes he did not commit. originally conceived by Rizal, for he admitted Crispin – an altar boy and who was as well taking it from the Bible. accused of stealing money from the church. March 5, 1887 – Rizal, wrote to Felix R. Doña Consolacion – the vulgar mistress of the Spanish Hidalgo and said: “The words were taken from Alferez the Gospel of Saint Luke, signify “do not touch Doña Victorina – the flamboyantly dressed me” However, Rizal made a mistake. It should wife of a henpecked Spanish quack doctor. be the Gospel of John (Chapter 20, verses 13- Elias – distrusts human judgment and prefers 17). God’s justice instead. He prefers a revolution Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the over the reforms. Philippines – “To my Fatherland”. Pia Alba – a young beautiful and spiritual woman. Maria Clara’s mother. SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI Gobernador Heneral – occupies the second The Characters: most powerful rank in the colonial Capitan Tiago (Santiago de los Santos) – government, second only to the king father of Maria Clara and a friend of Ibarra. Supported Ibarra against Padre Damaso. Crisostomo Ibarra – a young and rich Filipino Alferez – lieutenant of the Guardia Civil. who had just returned after seven years of Alfonso Linares – cousin of Don Tiburcio and study in Europe. The only son of Don Rafael godson of Padre Damaso’s brother – in – law. Ibarra. A fiancé of Maria Clara. Padre Damaso – a fat Franciscan friar who The noli based on truth had been parish priest for 20 years of San A true story of Philippine condition during the Diego (Calamba). last decades of Spanish rule. Padre Sybila – a young Dominican parish The places, the characters, and the situations priest of Binondo. really existed. Señor Guevara- an elderly and kind lieutenant The characters were all drawn by Rizal of the Guardia Civil. persons who actually existed. Don Tiburcio de Espadaña – a bogus Spanish physician, lame and henpecked husband of CHARACTERS IN REALITY Doña Victoria. Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera  Ibarra and Elias – represented by Rizal himself The image of Potsdam in Germany which Dr. Tasio the Philosopher – elder brother of Rizal, Jose Rizal and Dr. Viola had visited first in they Paciano. travel in Europe Padre Salvi – Padre Antonio Piernavieja TOUR BEGINS Capitan Tiago – Capitan Hilario Sunico Doña Victorina – Doña Agustina Medel At the town of May 11, 1887, Rizal and Viola , Basilio and Crispin – were the Crisostomo two browned-skinned doctors on raoming brothers of Hagonoy. spree left berlin by train. Padre Damaso – typical domineering friar, arrogant, immoral and anti Filipino. Spring was an ideal season for travel. Their destination was in Dresden one of the best MISSING CHAPTER OF THE NOLI city in berlin. In the original manuscript of Noli Me Tangere, Rizal and Viola tarried for sometimes in there was a chapter entitle “Elias and Salome” Dresden. They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, which follows Chapter XXIV “In the Woods”. was enjoyed to see them. Deleted by Rizal so it was not included in the printed novel. His reason was definitely economic: By *In the museum of Art, Rizal was deeply reducing the chapter would its cost of printing impressed by painting of “Promotheus Bound” RIZAL’S FRIENDS PRAISE THE NOLI * They also meet Dr. Jagor and heard their Friends of Rizal hailed the novel, praising it in plan about Leitmeritz in order to see of hotel glowing colors. However, Rizal’s enemies Krebs He advice to wire Blumentritt because condemned it. the old professor might be shock of their visit. Rizal wrote to Blumentritt – “The government and the friars will probably attack the work, First meeting with Blumentritt refuting my statements, but I trust in the God of Truth and in the person who have actually At 1:30 pm of May 15, 1887 the train arrived seen our sufferings. at the railroad station of Leitmeritz Blumentritt read Rizal’s novel and praised and Professor Blumentritt was at the station said “As we Germans say – written with the carrying a pencil sketch of Rizal which he sent blood of the heart and so the heart also to identity his friend speaks.” Rizal being an extraordinary person. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor – a filipino patriot Blumentritt get a room of hotel Krebs, after and lawyer exiled due to his complicity in the which he brought them to his house and stay Cavite mutiny of 1872. Avid read the noli and Leitmeritz. was very much impressed. They enjoyed hospitality of Blumentritt family. The professor wife, Rosa was a good cook. CHAPTER IX She prepared Austrian dishes which Rizal’s Rizal’s Grand Tour of Europe with viola (1887) liked very much. Blumentirtt proved to be a After the publication of Noli, Rizal planned to great tourist as well as hospitable host. He visit the important places in Europe. Dr. show scenic and historical spots of Leitmeritz Maximo Viola agreed to be his traveling to his visitors. The burgomaster was also companion. amazed by Rizal’s privileged talent. Rizal received Paciano’s remmirance of PRAGUE 1000pesos which forward by Juan Luna from Paris to immediately paid his dept to viola Rizal and Viola visited the historic city of which he loaned so that the Noli could be Prague. They carried letters of printed. recommendations form Blumentritt to Dr. First, he and Viola visited Potsdam, a city near Willkomm, Professor in university of Prague. Berlin Rizal and Viola visited the “Tomb of Copernicus”  VIENNA And after a week of staying in Rome, he prepared to return to the Philippines. He had already written to his May 20, 1887 arrived at Vienna Capital of father that he was coming home. Austria-Hungary. They meet Norfenfals, one of the greatest novelist that time. They stayed at Hotel Metropole. They also meet two good CHAPTER X friends of Blumentritt-Masnee and Nordmann, Austrian scholars. First Homecoming, 1887 – 88 All the alluring beauties of foreign countries and all Danubian Voyage to Lintz the beautiful memories of his sojourn in alien lands May 24. 1887, Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a could neither make Rizal for his fatherland nor turn river boat to see beautiful sights of Danube his back to his own nationality, he remained at heart a River. true Filipino with an unquenchable love for the As they travelled along the famous river, rizal Philippines and an unshakable determination to die in observed keenly river sights. the land of his birth. Form Lintz to Rheinfall The river voyage ended in Lintz DECISION TO RETURN HOME They travelled overland to Salzburg, and from Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and there to Munich where the sojourned for a the uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal was short time to savor the famous Munich Beer warned by; ➣ Paciano (his brother), ➣ Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Crossing the Frontier to Switzerland ➣ Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio), and other friends not to They stayed from June 2 to 3, 1887 and return home. continued tour Basel (Bale), Bern, and Laussance. He was determined to return to the Philippines for the following reasons: Geneva ➣ To operates on his mother’s eyes. Rizal and Viola left Laussance in a little boat ➣ To serve to his people who had long been crossing the froggy oppressed by the Spanish tyrants. Leman lake to Geneva. ➣ To find out for himself how the Noli and his other On June 19, 1887, his 26th birthday, Rizal writings were affecting the Filipinos and Spaniards in treated Viola to a blow out. the Philippines. Rizal and Viola spent fifteen days in Geneva ➣ To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent. On June 23, they parted ways. Viola decided to return on Barcelona while Rizal Continued June 29, 1887 - In Rome, Rizal wrote to his father his tour to Italy. announcing his homecoming. But that time…. Rizal received sad news form his friends in DELIGHTFUL TRIP TO MANILA Madrid of the deplorable conartions of the ➣ July 3, 1887 - He boarded the streamer Djemnah, primitive Igorots who where exhibited in this the same streamer which brought him to Europe five exposition. years ago. Some of these Igorots died. Rizal was outraged by the ➣ There were about 50 passengers including 4 degration of his fellow countrymen. Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, many But Rizal continued his tour in Italy he visit Turin, Frenchmen and 1 Filipino (Rizal). Milan, Venice, and Florence in Italy, and on June 27, ➣ Rizal was the only one among the passengers who 1887, He reached Rome, He was thrilled by the sights could speak many languages, so that he acted as and memories of the internal City Rome. And on June 29, Rizal visited for the first time the Vatican, “the City interpreter for his companions. of Pope’s and the capital of Christendom. ARRIVAL IN MANILA University of Santo Tomas for examination by a On August 5, the Haiphong arrived in Manila. He committee of the faculty. stayed in the city for a short time. He found Manila ➣ The report of the faculty members of UST stated the same as when he left it 5 years ago. that the Noli was: “heretical, impious, and scandalous in the religious HAPPY HOMECOMING order, subversive of public order, injurious to the ➣ On August 8, he returned to Calamba. His family government of Spain and its function in the welcomed him affectionately, with plentiful tears of Philippine Island in the political order.” joys. His became worried about his safety. Paciano did not leave him to protect him from any enemy assault. ➣ Governor General Terrero was dissatisfied with ➣ In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His the report of the Dominicans. He sent the novel to first patient was his mother, who was almost blind. the Permanent Commission of Censorship. The report ➣ News of the arrival of a great doctor from Germany of this commission was drafted by its head, Fr. spread far and wide. Patients from Manila and other Salvador Font, Augustinian Cura of Tondo, and provinces flocked to Calamba. submitted to Governor General on December 29. It found the novel to contain subversive ideas against ➣ He was called “Doctor Uliman” because he came the church and Spain and recommended “that the from Germany. importation, reproduction and circulation of this ➣ Within a few months he was able to earned 900 pernicious book in the island be absolutely pesos as a physician. By February, 1888, he earned a prohibited.” total of 5000 pesos as medical fees. Rizal did not selfishly devote all his time to enriching himself. He ATTACKERS OF NOLI opened a gymnasium for young folks and introduced Father Font printed his report and distributed European sports. copies of it in order to discredit the ➣ He failed to see Leonara Rivera, Leonora’s mother controversial novel did not like him to be her son-in-law. Father Jose Rodriguez, Prior of Guadalupe, published a series of eight pamphlets under STORM OVER NOLI the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions of Supreme Interest) to ➣ Few weeks after his arrival, Rizal received a letter blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings. from Governor General Emelio Terrero requesting him to come to Malacanang Palace. EIGHT PAMPHLETS ➣ When Governor General Terrero informed him of 1. Porque no los he des leer? (Why should I not read the charge, he denied it, explaining that he merely them?) exposed the truth, but that he did not advocate 2. Guardaos de ellos. Porque? (Beware of them. subversive ideas. Why?) ➣ Governor General Terrero was pleased by Rizal’s 3. Y-que me dice usted de la peste? (And what can explanation and curious about his book and he asked you tell me of Plague?) the author to have a copy of the Noli so that he could 4. Por que triunfan los impios? (Why do the impious read it. triumph?) ➣ Rizal had no copy then because the only copy that 5. Cree usted que de versa no hay purgatorio? (Do you he brought home was given to a friend. But he think there is really no purgatory?) promised to secure one for the General. Fortunately, 6. Hay o no hay infierno? (Is there or is there no hell?) Rizal found a copy and gave it to General Terrero. He 7. Que le parece austed de esos libelos? (What do you knew that Rizal’s life was in jeopardy because the think of these libels?) friars were powerful. For security measures he 8. Confesion o condenacion? (Confession or assigned a young Spanish lieutenant Don Jose Taviel Damnation?) de Andrade, as bodyguard of Rizal. DEFENDERS OF NOLI ➣ But Rizal’s enemies were powerful. The Archbishop Marcelo H. Del Pilar of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo sent a copy of the Noli Antonio Ma. Regidor to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the Graciano Lopez Jaena  Mariano Ponce Father Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite teacher in HIMNO AL TRABAJO Ateneo, defended and praised it in public. ➣ A poem for Lipa - shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he was asked by a friend to write a poem in commemoration of the twon’s cityhood. What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba with ➣ Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) - title of the Andrade were: poem dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa. ➣ The death of his older sister, Olimpia. ➣ The groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he was “A German spy, a protestant, a mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation”, etc. FAREWELL PHILIPPINES FINDINGS SUBMITTED BY RIZAL ➣ The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with not only the lands around Calamba, but the whole a heavy heart. But this is for his own good and town of Calamba. the safety of his family and friends. ➣ The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the arbitrary increase of the rentals paid by the tenants. ➣ The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the improvement of agriculture. ➣ Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of the said lands for flimsy reasons. ➣ High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged for delayed payments of rentals. ➣ When the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated the work animals, tools, and farm implements of the tenants. FAREWELL TO CALAMBA Anonymous threats againts Rizal’s life were received by his parents. The alarmed parents, relatives and friends advised him to go away, for his life was in danger. One day Governor General Terrero summoned Rizal and ‘advised’ him to leave the Philippines for his own good. He was giving Rizal a chance to escape the fury of the friar’s wrath. He was compelled to leave Calamba for two reasons: 1. His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends. 2. He could fight his enemies better and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.