REVIEWER-IN-IT-ERA-finale.pdf

1.first topic What is ICT? ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is technology that is used to handle communications processes such as telecommunicatio...

1.first topic What is ICT? ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is technology that is used to handle communications processes such as telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions. CLOUD COMPUTING The term is generally used to describe data centers available to many users over the Internet. Large clouds, predominant today, often have functions distributed over multiple locations from central servers. SOFTWARE Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. This is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. HARDWARE In the context of technology, refers to the physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system and everything else involved that is physically tangible. This includes the monitor, hard drive, memory and the CPU. DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS Digital transactions can be broadly defined as online or automated transactions that take place between people and organizations-without the use of paper. COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Communications technology, also known as information technology, refers to all equipment and programs that are used to process and communicate information. DIGITAL DATA Digital Data is data that represents other forms of data using specific machine language systems that can be interpreted by various technologies. INTERNET ACCESS Internet access is the process of connecting to the internet using personal computers, laptops or mobile devices by users or enterprises. Internet access is subject to data signaling rates. ICT’S SOCIETAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT ICT is leveraged for economic, societal and interpersonal transactions and interactions. ICT has drastically changed how people work, communicate, learn and live. ICT also underpins broad shifts in society, as individuals en masse are moving from personal, face-to-face interactions to ones in the digital space. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ICT IN INTERPRICES ICT have brought a slew of cost savings, opportunities and conveniences. Highly automated businesses processes ICT-enabled transactions such as internet shopping and telemedicine and social media that give customers more choices in how they shop, communicate and interact. Advantages of ICT 1. Communication - Speed / time 2. Globalization 3. Cost effectiveness 4. Greater Availability 5. Bridging the cultural gap 6. Creation of new jobs 7. educational opportunities 8. Visual Aids boost memory Retention. 9. Simplifies Complex Concepts 10. Interactive Structures Disadvantages of ICT 11. Education 12. Lack of job security 13. Overriding Cultures 14. Privacy 15. Reliance on Technology 16. Reliability of Information 17. Cyber threats disrupt life. 18. Setting up can be troublesome 19. Expensive and Expansive 20. Lack of experience 2.second topic 1. Mechanical Era of computers 2. Electromechanical Era 3. Electronic Era 4. Generations of computer advantages and disadvantages MECHANICAL ERA OF COMPUTERS ABACUS is the first manual calculating device developed by the Chinese in 3000 B.C. 1614, -John Napier, a Scottish mathematician, made a more sophisticated computing machine called the Napier’s bones. Slide rule, 1620, the first slide rule came into existence. It was jointly devised by two British mathematicians EDMUND GUNTER and WILLIAM OUGHTRED. PASCALINE, -Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, invented the first mechanical adding machine called PACELINE in 1642. STEPPED RECKONER, -GOTTFRIED LEIBNITZ a german mathematician. He extended Blaise pascal’s ideas and constructed a new machine called STEPPED RECKONER in 1671. JACQUARD LOOM -1801, JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD, a French textile weaver, invented a jacquard’s loom with an automatic card reader. CHARLES BABBAGE’S ENGINE, -CHARLES BABBAGE, an English mathematician, originated the idea of a programmable computer. He designed a ‘Difference Engine’ in 1823 and an ‘Analytical Engine’ in 1833 for the computation of mathematical tables. Tabulating Machine HERMAN HOLLERITH, an American census statistician, developed a mechanical tabulating machine in 1887. Based on punched cards to rapidly process data for the 1890 United States census. Hollerith established the Tabulating Machine Company in 1996 to manufacture his inventions.  ELECTROMECHANICAL ERA Harvard Mark I HOWARD AIKEN, an American computer engineer, and mathematician, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook the construction of an electro- mechanical computer called mark I in 1937. ABC(Atanasoff-Berry computer) Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and his graduate student Clifford Berry built the world’s first electronic digital computer called Atanasoff Berry computer at lowa State University during 1939-1942. ENIAC(electronic numerical integrator and computer) is the first programmable general- purpose electronic digital by the united states during world war II. It was invented by JOHN PRESPER ECKERT and JOHN MAUCHLY at the University of Pennsylvania. It can be used for solving numerical problems. EDSAC(Electronic delay storage automatic calculator) -is an early British computer considered to be the second stored-program electronic computer. UNIVAC-I(universal automatic computer) EDSAC is an early British computer considered to be the second stored-program electronic computer. GENERATION OF COMPUTER Generations of Computer Generations Timeline Evolving Hardware First Generation 1940-1950 Vacuum tube based Second Generation 1950-1960 Transistor based Third Generation 1960-1970 Integrated Circuit Based Fourth Generation 1970-present Microprocessor Fifth Generation present-future Artificial intelligence based ( AI ) 3. Third topic Benjamin ‘Benjie’ Tan is a Filipino engineer who connected the Philippines to the internet 25 years ago. He was the engineer who installed the router which allowed the nation to go online for the first time on March 29, 1994. Benjamin ‘Benjie’ Tan was working for ComNet, a local supplier of Cisco networking gears when he was assigned to set the router at the PLDT main office in Makati City. Before ICT in the PH 1928: before, telecommunications in the Philippines was segmented. You could only call people within your own small city. 1928: Telecoms in the Philippines 1928: American-owned PLDT was incorporated and given the franchise to establish and operate telephone services in the Philippines. Small phone companies in the provinces were acquired to speed up the rollout process. 1968: Filipinos Connecting Filipinos to the World PLDT became a Filipino-controlled corporation bought by RAMON COJUANGCO. 1987: Cellular Telephone Network PLDT establishes the country’s first cellular telephone network. 1993: Birth of the Philippine Internet With the support of the Department of Science and Technology and the Industrial Research Foundation, the Philnet project (now PHNET) was born. 1994: Our First Internet Connection Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet established Philippines’ first connection to the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City. 2013: The Massive Growth of the Country’s Mobile Networks Our Mobile Cellular Subscriptions reach 102 million. 2014: Fastest Growing Connections. The Philippines named fastest growing internet population in the last five years with a growth of 531%Number of Philippine Internet users at 38 million out of a population of 100 million. 2017: Internet Connection Population Penetration 119M Mobile Phone Subscriptions in the Country (117% Penetration Rate) 95% Prepaid, Greater 10% Broadband Subscription, 55% Mobile Broadband Subscription, 80% Subscribed to the Lowest Speed Plans (1-3 MBPS) TODAY IN ICT: THE TIME WE SPENT ONLINE -3.2 HOURS ON MOBILE PHONES -5.2 HOURS ON DESKTOP/TABLETS -TOP FILIPINO ONLINE ACTIVITIES -FACEBOOK 47% -ONLINE VIDEOS/ YOUTUBE 19% -GAMING 15% -SEARCH 13 % -SHOPPING 29%