Reviewer in Cruise Tourism PDF

I. INTRODUCTION TO CRUISE TOURISM b. Recreational Activities A. Definition and Scope of Cruise Tourism c. Accommodation Cruise Tourism: Refers to a form of leisure travel on ships with d. Seminar on boards t...

I. INTRODUCTION TO CRUISE TOURISM b. Recreational Activities A. Definition and Scope of Cruise Tourism c. Accommodation Cruise Tourism: Refers to a form of leisure travel on ships with d. Seminar on boards the purpose of enjoying multiple destinations and onboard C. Broader Impact - Plays crucial role in shaping tourism amenities. Cruise voyages usually last more than 48 hours and industry. cater to vacationers. 1. Economic Impact Passenger Cruise Ship: A large vessel designed specifically for - boosts the economies of coastal cities, especially port carrying people on leisure voyages. These ships often provide destinations where ships dock. various amenities such as dining, entertainment, pools, and - generates revenue from passenger spending, port fees, and casinos. crew expenditures, as well as ship maintenance and repairs. Home Port: The port from which a cruise ship starts and 2. Cultural and Social Implication finishes its journey. Passengers typically embark and - facilitation of cultural exchange disembark at the home port. - shore excursions provide opportunities for cultural Shore Excursions: Guided tours or activities offered to cruise interaction, contributing to the preservation of heritage and passengers when the ship is docked at a port. These excursions cultural traditions. (Klein, 2020) give passengers the opportunity to explore the local 3. Environmental Impact attractions. - as “floating cities,” can have a significant environmental Embarkation and Disembarkation: Embarkation refers to the footprint, including emissions of greenhouse gases, waste process of boarding the ship, while disembarkation refers to disposal challenges, and potential damage to marine exiting the ship at the end of the journey or at a port stop. ecosystems. All-Inclusive Cruise: A type of cruise where most services, - A large cruise ship can generate up to 1,000 tons of waste per including meals, accommodations, and entertainment, are day (Ocean Conservancy, 2021), including plastics, food waste, included in the initial price. and hazardous materials. Itinerary: The planned route and schedule of the cruise ship, 4. Technological and Operational including the ports of call and dates of travel. - Technological advancements Mega Ship: A large cruise vessel typically capable of carrying smart ships, equipped with facial recognition technology, over 5,000 passengers. These ships offer extensive onboard wearable devices for onboard purchases, and digital navigation facilities such as theaters, pools, multiple dining options, and tools safer and more personalized experience entertainment venues. - Ship design Cabin Class: The different categories of rooms available on a larger, more efficient vessels capable of reducing fuel cruise ship, ranging from inside cabins (without windows) to consumption, offering a greater variety of amenities. luxurious suites with balconies. - Rise of themed cruises Crew: The staff who work on a cruise ship, providing services Niche market such as dining, housekeeping, entertainment, and navigation 5. Expansion of Cruise Destinations Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) - has broadened the geographic scope of cruise tourism and the preeminent cruise trade association, providing a unified allowed cruise offer unique and exotic experiences to travelers. voice for the industry and its members as the leading authority - Traditional cruise destinations like the Caribbean and the of the global cruise community. Mediterranean remain popular, but regions such as Southeast oceangoing member lines which comprise 95% of global Asia, South America, and even the Arctic are becoming cruise passenger capacity, including the world’s most increasingly prominent. prestigious ocean, river, and specialty cruise lines, business community of leading ports, destinations, shipyards and II. HISTORY OF CRUISE TOURISM maritime product and service providers, and the largest 1800s: Paving the way for Transatlantic Cruising network of travel professionals who specializes in cruise travel 1822 - birth of leisure cruising Supports: Iberian Peninsula - steam service between London, Spain and policies and practices that foster safe, secure, healthy and Portugal sustainable cruise operations; Three sailors - Captain Richard Bourne, Brodie McGhie, Arthur tourism strategies that maximize the socioeconomic benefits Anderson world's oldest cruise line of cruise travel; and 1837 - mail delivery ships technologies and innovations that protect and preserve our - sold the first leisure cruise tickets on these ships in 1844 planet. tourists Global Headquarters: - a trip from London around the Mediterranean Sea Washington, DC, with regional offices destinations such as Gibraltar, Malta and Athens, sailing from North and South America, Europe, and Australasia Southampton B. Passenger on Cruise Ship - forerunner of modern cruise holidays 1. Involves travel of passenger ships for leisure purposes. - later introduced round trips to destinations such as 2. Offering multiple amenities on board. Alexandria and Constantinople a. Dining ‘P.O.S.H.’ - ‘Port out, Starboard home’ - the cooler, and thus more expensive, side of ships traveling Hamburg-Amerikanische-Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft between England and India in the mid-19th century. (HAPAG) or Hamburg-America Line Company - the acronym POSH was supposedly stamped on the tickets of Albert Ballin - father of modern cruise; general director of first-class passengers traveling on that side of ships HAPAG Grand Tour - Italy Target market: rich but not rich enough to own their own - Francesco I, leisure yatch - First cruise experience Prinzessin Victoria Luise First purpose - built cruise ship 407- - Built in 1831, foot (124-metre), 4,419- ton vessel with twin-screw engines. - sailed from Naples in early June 1833 120 exclusively first-class cabins, gymnasium, a library, an art - Nobles, authorities, and royal princes from all over Europe gallery, a ballroom, and a darkroom launched on June 29, 1900, boarded the cruise ship, which sailed in just over three months December 1906 - wrecked near Jamaica. - Taomina, Catania, Syracuse, Patras, Delphi, Zante, Athens, Augusta Victoria - Often stated as first ever cruise Smyrna and Constantinople Mediterranean and the Near East from 22 January to 22 March - providing passengers with excursions and guided tours 1891, with 241 passengers including Albert Ballin and wife Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O) themselves - Notable ships: Christian Wilhem Allers – published an illustrated account - SS Ravenna - built in 1880, became the first ship built with a such as Backschisch. total steel superstructure - SS Valetta - built in 1889, the first ship to use electric lights. Steamship Quaker City (1867) - Embarked on the first American origin cruise tour - Mark Twain - one of several wealthy passengers on this round-trip journey from America to the Holy Land, Egypt, the Crimea, and Greece. Later wrote of his trip in The Innocent's Abroad (1869) SS Ceylon (half of 19th century) 1931 - first vessel repurposed to be a cruise ship owned by the London-based ship brokerage Culliford & Clarke, which hoped to make cruising the center of its business; a single-screw, iron- Panama Canal 1913 hulled auxiliary steamer— (meaning that it had both a steam - Panama Canal opens, but official celebration set for 2014 is engine and sails); could hold up to 100 passengers. diminished due to the start of World War I. 1833 - sailed from Naples boarded by royal princess; auhorities - would be owned and operated by the United States until and nobles from all over Europe. Renovation had removed December 31, 1999. several dozen passenger cabins and replaced them with public - would knock 9,000 miles off a New York to San Francisco spaces, including a dining room, a, boudoir ( a woman’s private voyage. room/bedroom), a smoking room, and a steam-powered - December 31, 1999 - turned over to Panama fairground organ. After its refit, the Ceylon offered the first - August 15, 1914- SS Ancon was the first ship to pass through around-the-world departed from Liverpool in 1881 for its 10- the Panama Canal, changing the face of the world and month journey cruise in history. broadening horizons for travelers. SS Ceylon Leisure Cruising Decline (1950-1960) Suez Canal - Take over of commercial flights November 17, 1869 - officially opened - Grounding of the Victoria Luise 1869 – Suez Canal is completed which gives steamships an - the 1912 sinking of the Titanic edge over the clippers; same year, Mark Twain publishes, The -the outbreak of War (1914–18) - the sinking of the Lusitana in Innocents Abroad about his “cruise” from New York to Europe 1915 >> altered positioning to promote the destination rather L’Aigle - imperial yacht of French Empress Eugenie, Officially, than the transport the first ship to navigate through the canal Slow Increase of Popularity (after WW I) Delta - British ocean liner followed Prohibition (1920–33) – U.S.A. S.S. Dido - the first vessel to pass through the Suez Canal from - Nationwide ban on the sale and import of alcoholic beverages South to North. U.S. anti-alcohol law applied only as far as 3 nautical miles Empress Eugenie’s L’Aigle - Modern cruise ship passing Suez (5.6 km) from shore Canal - many shipping and ocean liner companies began to offer European-owned three luxury liner (1897) - offered cruises outside this range transportation between Europe and North America. - simple “booze cruises,” in which the ships traveled 3.1 1906 the number had increased to seven - British Inman Line nautical miles (5.7 km) out to sea and then essentially floated - City of Paris; Cunard Line - Campania and Lucania; White Star around for a few days. Line - Majestic and Teutonic; French Comapagnie Generale Transatlantique - La Lorraine and La Savoie sa - trips to islands in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea International celebrities perform acts on board, catering to passengers interested in a holiday that would cabarets, a casino, other entertainment amenities, include alcohol crossing was advertised as a vacation in itself. 1930s the largest cruise operation in existence was run by the National Socialist Party of Germany (Nazi Party) for Explosion of Cruising Industry propaganda - MS Pacific Princess Decline television show The Love Boat - great depression Credited for the explosion of the cruising industry in - Repel of Prohibition the 1980s - complete halt during the WWII (1939–45) - MS Sovereign of the Seas - all ships were repurposed for military uses. 1987 Royal Caribbean launched the world’s first Cruise ships post-World War II megaship - 1960s advent of passenger jet aircraft – trans Atlantic. hold almost 3,000 passengers - cruising slowly grew throughout the Atlantic Ocean. became the model for all modern cruise ships as - Mediterranean cruise companies were founded, floating resorts - United States the business slowly expanded, though five restaurants, nine bars, a spa, four pools, and a still using vessels with other primary commercial casino purpose Contemporary Ships - Ocean liners, once essential to mass transportations - Sovereign Class were largely repurposed as cruise ships broke the size record held for decades by Norway - older companies turned to cruising, many new first "megaships" to be built specifically for the mass companies exclusively focused on cruises were cruising market. founded in the 1960s and ’70s. first series of cruise ships to include a multi-story - late 1950s and 1960s ( 1959 - Holland America - SS lobby with a glass elevator and had a single deck Rotterdam, 1961 - French Line - SS France, 1969 - devoted entirely to cabins with private balconies, Cunard Line- RMS Queen Elizabeth 2) instead of oceanview cabins. - dual purposes: ocean liner during the northern - Fantasy-class hemisphere summer months, cruise ship in the feature a host of resort amenities winter. a choice of spacious accommodations, - older companies turned to cruising. complimentary meeting space and venues, - many new companies exclusively focused on cruises delicious dining options to satisfy all appetites, were founded in the 1960s and ’70s. an extensive array of activities and entertainment, o Princess Cruises in 1965, excellent service o Norwegian Cruise Line in 1966, - Panamax-type o Royal Caribbean Cruises in 1968, Designed to fit through Panama Canal o MSC in 1970, and - Vista Class o Carnival Cruise Lines in 1972 series of medium-size cruise ships. - Affordable prices for middle-class cultured but relaxed hotel public area museum-quality art collection Ocean Liners (1970s and 1980s) Vista view cabin (1959-2000 Rotterdam) Amenities - 1959 – Atlantic “Crown Princess of the Netherlands to 1975–1980, cruises offered shuffleboard deck New York.” chairs, "drinks with umbrellas and little else for a few - 1968 – after refit and put on permanent cruise service hundred passengers". America Line. 2010, city-sized ships have dozens of amenities - 1997, her last year with Holland America Line. nine or more new cruise ships added every year - 1974 - France (at the time the largest passenger vessel since 2001, including the 11 members of the in the world) was mothballed aforementioned Vista class, and all at 100,000 GT o 1979 - sold to NCL Size Increase o 1980 - after major renovations relaunched 1988–2009- the largest class cruise ships have grown as SS Norway becoming the first "mega a third longer (268 to 364.75 m, 879 ft 3 in to 1,196 cruise ship" ft 8 in), - Cunard's Queen Elizabeth 2 doubled their widths (32.2 to 65.7 m, 105 ft 8 in to maintained the regular transatlantic crossing 215 ft 7 in), tradition throughout the year, nearly tripled the total passenger count (2,744 to but with a stronger focus on leisure passengers, 7,600), and catering to a niche marketing of those who more than tripled in volume (73,000 to 248,000 GT). appreciated the several days at sea.  "megaships" went from a single deck with verandas Bow: The front of the ship to all decks with verandas Atrium: A lobby-like space where you’ll find the purser or guest services III. CRUISE SHIP DESIGN AND FACILITIES Berth: The “parking spot” where the ship docks in a port of call, A. Onboard Amenities and Facilities or a bed on a cruise ship Lido - refers to a public outdoor swimming pool, or a beach Gangway: The opening in the ship where passengers enter or where people gather to swim. Accordingly, the lido deck is exit traditionally the ship deck that is home to the outdoor Bridge: The area of the ship, typically located in the bow, where swimming pool, and adjacent bars and dining options the captain and crew control and manage the vessel Deck Plan- a detailed list of all staterooms and facilities on the Cabin: Your private onboard room, also known as a vessel stateroom vessel details - year built, last refurbished (and/or Decks: The floors of the ship’s structure arranged in different scheduled refurbishment), capacity (passengers plus levels, such as the lower, middle and upper decks crew) Engine Room: a complex and vital area where various types of total number of passenger cabins, launderettes engines work together to propel the ship and generate power; (passenger use self-service laundry /if any), onboard are found on the aft of the ship and on the lower decks; not credit kiosks (self-service money transfer), photo fully at the back but closer to mid-ship. kiosks Galley: The ship’s kitchen dining room(s), buffet restaurant, specialty Hull: The main body of the ship; the watertight outer skin restaurant(s) /at surcharge per person or with a la covering the lower portion of the vessel carte menus, dinner club, fast food bars/stations Lido deck: Where you’ll find the pool and typically theatre/main show lounge other amenities such as restaurants, bars, and a fitness lounges and bars, conference/meeting room(s) center casino, video games arcade, special gaming room (like Muster Station: the place on your cruise ship where the safety F1 car simulator) drill takes place and where each crew and passenger go in case swimming pool(s) and whirlpools (hot tubs) of emergency Spa and Fitness complex (wellness facility), Promenade deck: an outdoor walkway that jogging/walking track, roller-skating track, sports circles the ship, usually on a center deck. court(s) Port: The left side of the ship when facing the bow cinema, library, art gallery, photo gallery Starboard: The right side of the ship when facing the bow Mooring: The item used to secure the ship at the port atrium/lobby area with reception desk, shore Windward: windier side of a ship or island (upward direction) excursions desk, duty-free shops and boutiques Leeward: side which faces away from the wind action Promenade Deck (an outdoor area that fully or (downward direction) partially encircles the ship) C. Spaces on a Cruise Ship kids and teen club lounges and playing zones (on Stateroom: The stateroom is your private space where you some ships with pool/whirlpool), missing on adult- sleep, relax and get ready for your day of adventure. only vessels Staterooms vary depending on your ship and may be small, Aqua Park with slide(s) - on the largest liners only frugal cabins or spacious accommodations with elegant unique facilities - such as rock-climbing wall(s), ice- touches. skating track(s) Crew space: The crew space is the private area reserved for the Zip-line, rotating panoramic capsules, glassfloor ship’s staff and crew members, such as chefs, housekeepers walking paths, bumping cars, skydive and surf and the captain. Crew members typically live on the lower simulators, F1/Sports Car simulator, bungee deck, while staff members live on the upper deck. The captain trampoline, and many other truly bizarre cruise ship and officers usually stay in private staterooms near the bridge. design inventions. Public space: The public space includes the areas all guests can B. Parts of the Cruise Ship enjoy, such as the pool, fitness center, library and restaurants. Aft: The area near the ship’s stern at the rear of the ship D. Three Distinctive Cabin Types Bow: The very front of the ship - often seen as the operational Suites: heart of the whole ship, which explains why it is where you will - provide seating areas along with multiple rooms for find the ship’s main navigational equipment and control larger families or groups center. - offer more space than other cabins Forward: front of a cruise ship - come with perks like plush bathrobes, flowers, and Midship: midway between the forward other items, making them more luxurious. and after perpendiculars. Example - Ultimate family suite of Royal Caribbean Stern: the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically ($80,000/week) defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending Inside cabins: upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail - located in the middle of a cruise ship, Aft: The area near the ship’s stern at the rear of the ship  - does not contain balconies or windows Small - carry no more than 350 guests - more budget-friendly rooms - some are similarly sized to oceanview rooms and KEY ASPECTS OF CRUISE SHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION contain similar amenities. 1. Structural Design and Stability Oceanview rooms: Hull Design: must be designed for stability and efficiency, - also known as outside cabins ensuring smooth sailing even in rough seas. - feature windows and allow natural light to pour into Size and Scale: passenger accommodation and amenities; your cabin innovative structural designs to maintain stability and safety. - can watch the scenery from their room in the comfort 2. Propulsion and Maneuverability of their own designated private space. Advanced Propulsion Systems: include diesel-electric systems Balcony staterooms: and Azipod propulsion units, enhancing fuel efficiency and - also known as outside cabins maneuverability. - with a small, private veranda Environmental Considerations: reducing emissions, leading to - floor-to-ceiling sliding glass doors let in lots of light to the adoption of cleaner fuels and hybrid systems; committed brighten the interior cabin space to leading the way toward clean air, clean oceans and - can have fresh air or a quiet place to read or gaze out environmental responsibility to sea Clean Air, Clean Oceans: utilizing alternative fuels; shore COMMON CRUISE SHIP power and state-of-the-art wastewater treatment systems; - Amenities: Basic Services and Facilities LED lighting; elimination of single-use plastics. - Dining Options: Main Dining Room, Buffets, Specialty 3. Safety and Regulations Restaurants, Room Service, Daily Snacks Compliance with International Standards: adhere to stringent - Entertainment safety standards set by international bodies like the - Nightlife at Sea International Maritime Organization (IMO). - Sport Facilities Evacuation Systems and Life-Saving Equipment: Innovative - Shopping designs and technologies; to ensure passenger safety in - Library Cigar Room emergencies. OUT OF THE ORDINARY: SOME UNCOMMON CRUISE SHIP 4. Interior Design and Amenities AMENITIES Passenger Comfort: Cabins and public spaces are designed to - Children Centers: Go-kart, Racetracks, Skydiving, maximize comfort and luxury. Planetarium, Water Slides, Sea Walk Bionic Bar, Magic Carpet Recreational Facilities: Modern cruise ships feature a wide Rock, Climbing Wall, North Star range of amenities, including pools, theaters, restaurants, and Cruise Ship Casinos - numerous slot machine options, and gyms. most have table games as well, including blackjack and a Accessibility: Designs increasingly focus on inclusivity, variety of poker games ensuring accessibility for passengers with disabilities Back of the House 5. Technological Integration - Offices Automation and Control Systems: State-of-the-art navigation, - Crew Mess communication, and control systems are essential for the - Crew Bar smooth operation of a cruise ship. - Crew Gym Connectivity and Entertainment: High-speed internet, mobile - Storage connectivity, and advanced entertainment systems are now - Morgue standard features. - Cold and Freezer rooms - Laundry CHALLENGES IN CRUISE SHIP CONSTRUCTION - Linen and Uniform Room Complex Logistics: The construction of a cruise ship is a Zoning of Cruise Ships massive logistical endeavor, requiring coordination among Ship is divided into fire zones so that any outbreak of fire can numerous contractors and suppliers. be easily contained. Openings in the bulkheads between fire Cost and Time Management: Building a cruise ship is a zones are fitted with fire doors. Under normal conditions the significant investment, both in terms of time and money. doors will generally remain open. Managing these effectively is crucial for the success of the Fire doors and fire-rated barriers play a crucial role in project. compartmentalising the ship, limiting the potential for fires to Environmental Impact: There is increasing pressure to build spread. eco-friendly ships, balancing luxury with sustainability. E. Cruise Ship Architecture IV. SHIP MEASUREMENT SIZE OF THE SHIP Vessel Dimensions Mega - accommodate more than 5,000 persons - Length Overall (LOA) – length from the tip of the bow Large - carries over 3,500 passengers to stern (o/a above) Medium - carry 800-2,500 passengers at a time. - Beam – vessel width at its widest point (b below)  - Draft – vertical distance between the waterline & the - less likelihood of sea-sickness bottom of the hull (d) - tend to be truly all-inclusive. - Freeboard – distance from the waterline to the first - mostly travel at night, reaching a new place every day, deck. (f) meaning more time to visit different destinations. Weight of a Cruise Ship (Tonnage) and Draft - scenery changes more regularly, Gross Tonnage (GT) - ports of call tend to be the main attraction rather than the - The most widely used measure for determining the ship itself overall size of a ship 3. Singles or solo Cruises - A dimensionless figure, calculated based on the - cruise alone (solo travelers) internal volume of the vessel, and not its weight. - single-occupancy cabins Gross Registered Tons (GRT) - some don't charge a solo supplement - an older unit used before the advent of the Gross - offer solo services such as organized activities like craft, dance Tonnage system above and language classes and catch-ups that allow you to meet - also refers to the internal volume of a ship, but with a other singles onboard. slightly different methodology for determining the 4. Family Cruises measurement.). - busy and various activities Net Tonnage (NT) - vacation, reunion - more on a ship’s earning potential. - cruises offer programs and kids' clubs that will keep younger - Unlike Gross Tonnage, which accounts for all enclosed and older kids entertained spaces, Net Tonnage only considers spaces that can be -age-appropriate activities for your kids, such as cartoon used to carry cargo, or other revenue-generating characters, pools and water slides and kid-friendly evening activities. entertainment. - used to determine port fees, canal transit dues (such - look into which activities and services cost extra as through the Panama or Suez Canals), and other -onboard babysitting if you want some alone time, shipping costs related to commercial operation. - know the policy Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) -with baby, choose a ship that has an onboard crèche - relates to the weight a ship can carry, but it still does - some cruises: minimum age of between six months and one not indicate the weight of the ship itself. year for babies, minimum age for children participating in kids' - measures the total weight that a ship can safely carry, clubs. including cargo, fuel, passengers, crew, provisions, 5. Adults – only and Couples Cruises and ballast water - not keen to share ship with kids Cruise ship draft (or draught) - prefer a more romantic experience - measures the number of meters/feet from the - relax and unwind waterline to the lowest point of the keel - or the ship's - refined experience, peaceful and perfect for reading your "invisible" portion below the surface (and especially book, and where libraries, planetariums and cookery schools when loaded) are found instead of skydiving simulators and play areas. - cruise ship's draft is very important when considering - parents looking for a break, docking in a particular port, sailing through channels - groups of adult friendly and couples, and when it comes to or the inland waterways of the continents (rivers and adults-only cruising there’s a whole host of cruise lines from canals) which to choose operate over-18s-only cruises, including Viking Ocean Cruises, Fred Olsen and P&O. V. TYPES OF CRUISES - If that's not an option, look for ships that: don't have 1. Ocean Cruising amenities geared towards families and kids, or with adults-only - enormous, floating hotel activities and areas. - tend to be big and can carry thousands of passengers. 6. Luxury Cruises - often provide children's programs and activities, 24-hour - experience to relish in the high life while at sea. dining, shopping, late-night entertainment, and days spent - spoils passengers with an unparalleled service sailing to travelling through endless seascapes. unique destinations aboard their five-star vessels. - liners can be crowded, with queues for embarking and - smaller vessels, and may include: flexible itineraries, a debarking at ports. personal butler, larger cabins, more exotic destinations, more -may offer cheaper base fares, they also tend to charge for likely to be all-inclusive. extras, such as the cost of visiting ports. 7. Adventure Cruises 2. River Cruising - Off-the-beaten-path destination like port Lauderdale, - involves smaller ships with fewer passengers and amenities Galapos Islands, Artic Norway, Amazon - get extensive entertainment options or access to swimming - shore excursions are wilder – perhaps white-water rafting or pools mountain climbing or more interested in nature-watching, - set meal times. remote villages - smaller crowds and queues - thrilling and adventurous - tend to use smaller ships to guest ratio, water toys and even submarines and helicopters - on board: lectures from wildlife experts or historians, etc. for excursions 7. Expedition Cruises - no more than 1,000 passengers - cruising is their favorite mode of travel but are looking for 12. Boutique Cruising opportunities for education and excursions that focus on - means sailing on a small or mid-sized ship and exploring wildlife and nature destinations far away from the tourist hotspots but also - smaller ships, fewer passengers, and more active excursions cruising on incredible and unique vessels like square -rigged - allow their passengers to get up close and personal with the sailing ships and masted sailing yachts. destination. - born with the launch of Saga's first purpose-built boutique 8. Food Cruises/Culinary Cruise ship Spirit of Discovery - focused on food and wine will place far less emphasis on - travellers who love staying in hotels entertainment options and facilities - wince at the idea of megaships - with leading celebrity chefs - want to travel to more remote destinations - Learn to slice, dice and sauté like a master at live cooking - have fewer passengers, demonstrations, attend coffee chats and exclusive chef-hosted - design-led interiors and fantastic facilities dinners, and taste their signature dishes - often with chef-named dining venues and bespoke facilities - Holland America Line 9. Sailing Cruises VI. MAJOR PLAYER IN THE CRUISE INDUSTRY - put the wind in sail Three Major Parent Companies (The Big Three) - avoid the giant cruise monsters 1. Carnival Corporation & plc/Carnival UK - the world’s largest - island hopping with only wind power cruise company operates over 100 ships across 9 cruise lines: 10. World Cruises Carnival Cruise, Holland America, Princess, Seabourn, P&O - the pinnacle of a sailing vacation Australia, P&O, Cunard, Costa Cruises, and Aida (mainly - long-haul German market) - unlocking the door to countless cultures, cuisines, landscapes 2. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd - run over 40 ships under the and wildlife. following brands: Royal Caribbean International (RCI), - no limit to see and do grand voyage Celebrity Cruises., and Silver Cruises also partly own TUI - the world record for circumnavigating the globe is 45 days, 13 Cruises (Marella/Mein Schiff), Pullmantur, and Hapag-Lloyd. hours, 42 minutes, and 53 seconds. 3. Norwegian Cruise Lines International – currently have - Average time length of a world cruise tour is three to four around 30 ships sailing under the brands: NCL, Regent Seven months. Seas and Oceania Cruises - do not circumnavigate the entire globe follow different routes. 15 Largest Cruise Line Companies - Few are less than 100 days and usually have a short itinerary; Cruise Market Watch Report 2024 Cruise Industry the rest are around 120 days. - estimated at 66.2 billion dollars ( a 13.8% rise from 2023 with World Cruises Examples: 30.1 million passengers carried annually, a rise of 4.2% from - SS Laconia, a Cunard passenger liner chartered by the the previous year.) American Express Company (March 30, 1923, exactly 1000 yrs - dominated by a few major players like Carnival Corporation ago, the world’s first continuous passenger cruise ship arrived (handled 42.9% of passengers, a total of 12.9 million in 2024 back in New York City after completing a 130-day voyage.) with a revenue share of 37.3%) Ultimate World Cruise - followed by Royal Caribbean Group (with a 25.7% passenger, - Royal Caribbean share amounting to 7.7 million passengers revenue share of - Serenade of the Seas - 274-night journey around the world 23.9%.) from December 10, 2023 – September 10, 2024. The adventure begins and ends in Miami, Florida, visiting all 7 continents, 65 1. Carnival Cruise Line countries, 150 ports of call, with 16 overnights and 8 World - subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc, Carnival Cruise Line Wonders. More than 40 of the ports. - based in Doral, Florida 11. Small Ship and Yacht Cruises - founded in 1972 - come in small packages - 27 ships in its fleet - offers fewer passengers, plenty more personal space, tailored - sail on 2 to 29-day long trips, leaving from every U.S Coast excursions, a more personal experience and the chance to sail - famous for its Caribbean cruises into smaller and more secluded ports around the world - also sails to Mexico, Hawaii, Alaska, Bahamas and Europe - can also be the peak of cruising luxury, with yacht-like cruises - 6.1 million passengers in 2024 and recorded a revenue of 6.2 giving you the feeling of chartering your own private super billion dollars. yacht. - Lines such as Scenic, Emerald Waterways, SeaDream Yacht 2. Royal Caribbean International (RCI) Club and Crystal Cruises offer yacht-like ships with a high crew - established in 1968 in Norway - wholly owned by Royal Caribbean Group - based in Miami, Florida and has 28 ships in its fleet with - organize family activities inspired by popular Discovery and cruises to the Caribbean, Asia, Europe, Singapore, Thailand, Animal Planet shows. Bahamas, Mediterranean, Baltic, Alaska, Spain, Mexico, Hawaii - catered to 1.6 million guests this year and generated a etc. revenue of 3.5 billion dollars. - one of the few cruise lines offering full-length Broadway productions onboard, including the famous CATS, Saturday 7. P&O Cruises Night Fever, MAMMA MIA! and Grease. - British Cruise Line - 5.7 million passengers in 2024 and a revenue of 8.5 billion - based in Southampton, England dollars, making it the largest cruise line by revenue and second- - offers cruises to 300 destinations, such as Iceland, the largest in terms of passengers Mediterranean, the Caribbean, the Canary Islands, Spain and Portugal, Northern Europe, Scandinavia, North and South 3. MSC Cruises Marine Reserve America and the British Isles - Founded in 1988, MSC Cruises is a part of the MSC Group - has 7 ships, of which Arvia, Iona, Azura, Britannia and Ventura which is a privately held Swiss-based shipping conglomerate are family-friendly while Arcadia and Aurora are exclusively for with more than 300 years of rich maritime heritage. adults. - MSC Cruises is based in Geneva, Switzerland and employs - Iona is the biggest ship in their fleet, which boasts multiple over 30,000 people. It has 23 ships which offer year-round trips dining venues, a SkyDome which is an entertainment space, a to the Mediterranean and the Caribbean, including Ocean Cay grand atrium and an array of activities for all age groups. MSC Marine Reserve, a private island in the Bahamas. - served 1.5 million guests this year and generated 4.2 billion - MSC Cruises Seasonal itineraries include South America, Asia, dollars in revenue. Dubai, Qatar, Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, Egypt, North America and South Africa. 8. Costa Cruises - It handled 2.55 million passengers in 2024 and generated a - established in 1948 revenue of 4.7 billion dollars. - headquartered in Genoa, Italy. - caters to the Italian market 4. Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) - has 9 ships in service mainly on routes in the Caribbean, the - founded in 1966 Mediterranean, the Baltic Sea, Northern Europe, the Americas, - based in Miami the Arab Emirates and the Far East. - first to do away with set dining times and offer guests the - different from other European cruise lines: offers a freedom to cruise on their schedule Mediterranean-inspired design and atmosphere. - with more than 450 destinations to choose from - Itineraries last from one night to 130 nights and the cruise line - 20 ships in its fleet which will increase with the arrival of their attracts many families, couples and retired people, especially Prima Class Ships in summer. - known for its fun, laid-back and innovative freestyle cruising - main attraction: affordable cabins which are easy to find in concept e and many onboard entertainment options and their fleet family-friendly activities - received 1.4 million guests this year and generated $2.5 - 2.51 million passengers in 2024 and recorded a revenue of 6.3 million billion dollars 9. AIDA Cruises 5. Celebrity Cruises - German Cruise Line - Miami based - founded in the 1960s - established in 1988 - caters to the German-speaking population. - a premium line known for offering a refined experience to its - designed with various amenities to attract young and active guests, especially elevated services and dining. travelers - now offers cruises to around 300 destinations around the - a fleet of 13 ships which offer trips to the Mediterranean, globe including Alaska and Antarctica. Caribbean, Central America, Africa, Middle East, Europe and - have both small and massive ships : 15 vessels Southeast Asia. - Offers resort deck - known for innovation and adoption of new technologies. 12 have advanced sewage treatment plants and all ships have 6. Princess Cruises plugin capability. - Owned by Carnival Corporation, - 12 can dock at ports with shoreside power. - based in Santa Clarita, California - No AIDA vessel travelled to Alaska from 2010 to 2021 and 10 - a fleet of 17 ships which travel to 330 destinations in 7 have scrubbers installed. continents. - served 1.1 million guests and made $3.1 billion in revenue this -became popular after an American TV Show called The Love year Boat was set on its ship the Pacific Princess. - known for offering a personalized hospitality service to their 10. Disney Cruise Line guests. - subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company, - was incorporated in 1996 - offers top-notch entertainment with its nightclub, drinking - headquarters in Celebration, Florida. games in the Korean BBQ Restaurant, group fitness classes, - famous among families with kids karaoke sessions, pyjama parties and other events like a - provides Disney-themed experiences from dining to shipwide bar crawl. entertainment and even Disney inspired accommodations - saw 324,000 guests and approximately $ 840 million in onboard its ships. revenue this year. - has 5 ships, each distinct in style and design - offering Disney character greetings, themed pools and play 14. Marella Cruises spaces for children, activity clubs, Disney movie screenings, - Earlier called Thomson Cruises deck parties and much more - British Cruise Line - welcomed 848,000 passengers in 2024 and made $2.7 billion - operated by TUI UK in revenue. - offers cruise experiences around Europe, the Caribbean and Asia. 11. Holland America Line - has 5 ships - With a 150-year heritage - have everything one needs for a laidback, relaxed vacation at - offers over 500 sailings annually sea, including pool areas, spas, restaurants with live music, - 11 ships which visit all seven continents. west-end style shows, cookery lessons, fitness sessions and - offers shorter getaways to 128-day itineraries to popular and much more less-crowded ports in Alaska, Europe, South America, New - can choose from 120 destinations with Marella Cruises Zealand, Asia, Panama Canal etc. They also offer unique trips - has family-friendly and also adults-only ships, plus they are to Antarctica and the Amazon. all-inclusive, with tips and service charges covered. - mid-size cruise ships: 1 crew: 2 guest ratio - welcomed 272,300 guests this year and generated $706 - providing attentive service and a classic cruising experience. million in revenue. - mainly caters to adults who can take up enrichment programs like digital photography, cooking workshops or Pilates sessions 15. Cunard Line onboard their cruise ships - based in Southampton, England - handled 796,500 passengers this year and generated $2.6 -has a maritime heritage dating back to a century. billion in revenue. - fleet consists of 4 ships, Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth, Queen Victoria and their newest Queen Anne. 12. TUI Cruises - In 2025 and 2026, the cruise line will offer - based in Germany - grand, world voyages to Asia, Africa, Australasia, Europe, - created in 2007 as a joint venture between tourism company Americas and overnight calls in famous cities. TUI AG and cruise line operator Royal Caribbean Group, both - a reputable name and many of Hollywood’s biggest names of which have a 50% stake in the company. like Cary Grant, Charlie Chaplin and Elizabeth Taylor have sailed - began operating in 2009 onboard its vessels - competes for the German market, - have libraries, open-air pools and feature theatre - offering a premium experience onboard including food, performances, guest speaker events, deck games, board entertainment, etc tailored mainly for German taste. games, quizzes, children’s clubs, sports facilities, film -has 6 ships in its fleet screenings, planetarium shows and the famous Gala evenings. - 2023, they announced the new InTUItion class, which would - saw 250,400 passengers and made $1.1 billion in revenue this include ships with a new name year. - the first being Mein Schiff Relax which will be delivered by the end of 2024. VII. TOP 20 LARGEST CRUISE SHIPS IN THE WORLD - welcomed 517,000 passengers and generated $1.3 billion in 1. Icon of the Seas revenue. - Owner: Royal Caribbean Group - Operator: Royal Caribbean International 13. Virgin Voyages - Port of registry: Nassau, Bahamas - Based in Plantation, Florida - Builder: Meyer Turku, Turku, Finland - a joint venture between Virgin Group and Bain Capital - Cost: €1.86 billion - adult-only cruise line - Laid down: 4 April 2022 - a fleet of 4 cruise ships - Launched: 9 December 2022 - built by Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri SpA. - Sponsored by: Lionel Messi - voted the No.1 Mega-Ship Ocean Cruise Line of 2023 in the - Christened: 23 January 2024 Travel & Leisure World’s Best Awards. - Acquired: 27 November 2023 - great for couples who can spend some quality time away from - Maiden voyage: 27 January 2024 their kids and even for solo travellers who wish to take a break - In service: 2024–present from their daily routine. - Class and type: Icon-class cruise ship - Tonnage: 248,663 GT, 307,895 NT  - Length: 364.75 metres (1,196.7 ft) - In service 2018–present - Beam: 66 m (217 ft) - Homeport PortMiami - Draught: 9.25 metres (30.3 ft) - Status In service - Decks: 20 4. Harmony of the Seas - Speed: 22 knots (41 km/h) 5. Allure of the Seas - Capacity: 5,610 passengers (double occupancy), 6. Oasis of the Seas 7,600 passengers (maximum capacity) 7. MSC World Europa – Owner: MSC Cruises - Crew: 2,350 8. Costa Smeralda – Owner: Carnival Corporation & plc 9. P&O Arvia – Name: Arvia; Owner: Carnival Corporation & plc 2. Wonder of the Seas 10. P&O Iona - Name Iona; Owner: Carnival Corporation & plc - Owner: Royal Caribbean Group 11. MSC Euribia – Owner: MSC Cruises - Operator: Royal Caribbean International - named after the ancient goddess Eurybia who harnessed the - Port of registry: Nassau, Bahamas winds, weather and constellations to master the seas, - Route: Caribbean, Mediterranean furthering the vision of the ship to master the deployment of - Ordered: 25 May 2016 (MoU), 27 September, 2016 state-of-the-art technologies to protect and preserve the (contract date) precious marine ecosystem. - Builder: Chantiers de l'Atlantique, Saint-Nazaire - World’s first zero net carbon emission France - most energy-efficient cruise ship design ever - powered by - Laid down: 9 May 2019 LNG and featuring a range of technologies and solutions that - Launched: 4 September 2020 minimize impact on the air and marine environment - Sponsored by: Marie McCrea - LNG (Liquified Natural Gas), the cleanest marine fuel - Christened: 9 December 2022 currently commercially available at scale - Completed: 27 January 2022 12. AIDA Nova – Operator: AIDA Cruises - Acquired: 27 January 2022 13. MSC Grandiosa - Owner: MSC Cruises - Maiden voyage: 4 March 2022 14. Mardi Gras – Namesake: TSS Mardi Gras, Owner: Carnival - Class and type: Oasis-class cruise ship Corporation & plc - Tonnage: 235,600 GT, 274,598 NT 17,100 DWT 15. MSC Meraviglia - Owner MSC Cruises - Length: 362.04 m (1,187 ft 10 in) 16. MS Freedom of the Seas – Owner: Royal Caribbean Group - Beam:47.4 m (155 ft 6 in) waterline, 64 m (210 ft) max 17. Liberty of the Seas – Owner: Royal Caribbean Group beam 18. MSC Virtuosa – Owner: MSC Cruises - Draught 9.3 m (30 ft 6 in) 19. Carnival Celebration – Owner: Carnival Corporation & plc - Decks 19 20. MSC Bellissima - Owner MSC Cruises - Speed 22.0 knots (40.7 km/h; 25.3 mph) cruising - Capacity: 5,734 passengers at double occupancy, VIII. GENDER EQUALITY 7,084 passengers maximum Challenges: - Crew 2,369 - maritime sector is male-dominated, for example, - In service: 2022–present women deck and engine officers represent only 1.28 - Homeport: Port Canaveral, Florida per cent of the total certified seafar- ing population - Status In service (BIMCO & ICS, 2021). - Notes The world’s third largest cruise ship as of July - majority of women seafarers work in non-technical 19, 2024 departments, such as catering and hotel on cruise ships and fer- ries. 3. Symphony Of the Seas - Limited access to opportunities for women due to - Owner Royal Caribbean Group ingrained biases - Operator Royal Caribbean International - Lack of women representation in the upper ranks of - Port of registry Nassau, Bahamas maritime hierarchy - Route Caribbean - Safety - Ordered 9 May 2014 Remedies: - Builder Chantiers de l'Atlantique, Saint Nazaire, - Awareness France - Challenge gender stereotype and promote diversity - Cost US$1.35 billion (2016) - Educating the maritime community on gender equity - Laid down 29 October 2015 - Encouraging equal opportunities - Launched 9 June 2017 (float out) - Implementing gender-sensitive training programs - Sponsored by Carlos, Alexa, and - Ensuring that anti-discrimination policies are - Ocean PenaVega enforced - Completed 23 March 2018 Gender Equality - Acquired 23 March 2018 UN Sustainable Development Goals - Maiden voyage 7 April 2018 - 2030, 5th United Nations sustainable development  IMO 2024 theme "Safe Horizons: Women Shaping the Future of - strongly committed to helping its Member States Maritime Safety” achieve the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable emphasized the crucial role women play in enhancing Development and the 17 Sustainable Development maritime safety and shaping a more secure future for global Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 5 "Achieve gender maritime operations. equality and empower all women and girls". International Day for Women in Maritime 2024 Women in Maritime IMO’s Gender Program to promote the recruitment, retention and sustained employment of women in the maritime sector, raise the profile of women in maritime, strengthen IMO's commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 (gender equality) and support work to address the current gender imbalance in maritime Women Who Made Marine History 1. Grace O’Malley, Pirate Queen of Connacht earliest documented female pirates Western Ireland in the 16th century. head of a fleet of twenty ships that would raid English and Spanish vessels 2. Krystyna Chojnowska-Liskiewicz IMO Helping Women in the Maritime Community Polish-born - gender specific fellowships; first female sailor to single-handedly sail the earth - facilitating access to high-level technical training for trip lasting 401 days, women in the maritime sector in developing having travelled 31,166 nautical miles. countries; also a shipbuilding engineer - creating the environment in which women are 3. Kay Cottee identified and selected for career development Australian opportunities in maritime administrations, ports and broke sailing world records maritime training institutes; and facilitating the first woman to complete a solo trip round the world nonstop, establishment of professional women in maritime in her ship Blackmore’s First Lady, aged 34 associations, particularly in developing countries. trip was completed in just 189 days Women in Maritime Associations (WIMAs) launched through celebrated by 100,000 Australians waiting for her in Sydney IMO's gender and capacity-building programme: harbour when she returned from sea. - Pacific Women in Maritime Association (PacWIMA) 4. Tracy Edwards set up in Fiji in February 2004 and relaunched in Tonga A British sailor in April 2016. skippered the first all-female crew in the Whitbread Round - Network of Professional Women in the Maritime and the World Yacht Race of 1989 Port Sectors for West and Central Africa (NPWMP- first woman to receive the Yachtsman of The Year Trophy. WCA) - primarily Francophone, launched in Benin in appointed MBE (member of the Most Excellent Order of the February 2007. British Empire) - Association for Women in the Maritime Sector in the third highest ranking Order of the British Empire level Eastern and Southern Africa region (WOMESA) 5. Laura Dekker established in Kenya in December 2007 youngest person to ever circumnavigate the globe - Women in Maritime Association, Asia (WIMA Asia) singlehandedly at just 16, established in January 2010 and relaunched in the a shining example of what can be achieved with the right Philippines in 2015. training, knowledge and dedication. - Women in Maritime Association, Caribbean (WiMAC) After a ten-month battle with the Dutch authorities, she was set up in Jamaica in April 2015. eventually allowed to sail in 2010 and went on to break sailing - Arab Women in Maritime Association (AWIMA) word records. established in Egypt in October 2017. 6. Sarah Dhanda - Red de Mujeres de Autoridades Marítimas de Chief Officer of Membership and Services at British Marine Latinoamérica (Red-MAMLa), established in Chile in making great strides for equality in a traditionally male- December 2017. dominated field by being part of the Women in Maritime - Women in Maritime of West and Central Africa Taskforce. “There are huge opportunities for women in the (WIMOWCA) - primarily Anglophone, established in marine sector at the moment, given that almost every part of Ghana in July 2021. the sector is reporting skill shortages, so everybody is looking International Day for Women in Maritime 2024 (May 18) - to recruit good quality candidates. There is always a challenge initiated in 1988 in overcoming some of the more old-fashioned attitudes and bias that still prevail in some quarters, but times have changed first American woman to command a modern "mega and I am pleased to say that the range of opportunities ship” available for women has never been greater.” first female Captain to start up a mega cruise ship 7. The Women Behind the Magenta Project - accelerating and the first female Captain to "take out" a ship from women to the top of sailing Chantiers de l'Atlantique in its 160-year shipbuilding The Magenta Project history. - a sailing initiative designed to educate, encourage, first American cruise ship captain and inspire girls to get into sailing. Celebrity Summit 2015 - Comprised of passionate female athletes at the top of - Captain Margrith Ettlin their game, the project is already making waves women to master Silversea Cruises World Match Racing Tour, 132-passenger Silver Explorer The Extreme Sailing Series, and Aug. 7, 2013 The Volvo Ocean Race in Reykjavik, Iceland Since 2020, Marine Log’s Top Women in Maritime Awards have - Captain Inger Olsen celebrated a diverse group of women for their outstanding December 2010 professional achievements, whether they work shoreside or first female Captain in the 170-year history of onboard vessels. Established by Marine Log’s Editor-in-Chief, Cunard, Queen Victoria Heather Ervin, to honor and celebrate women who are leading From Faroe the maritime industry. In selecting the winners each year, the - Captain Wendy Williams Marine Log editorial team carefully selects 20 Top Women in first Canadian woman to captain a ship for a major Maritime from diverse backgrounds, ages, and locations based cruise brand Virgin Voyages, Scarlet Lady, 2020. on reader nominations. Over the past five years, Marine Log From Quebec, Canada has highlighted their remarkable contributions through - Capt. Christiana Virgilio magazine features, website interviews, and video profiles. 2006, M/Y Big Eagle Luxury Yatch from San Diego, California The Rise of Female Cruise Captain Celebrity Cruises Filipinas with High Rank Position in Maritime Industry - first ship sailing with an all-female bridge and officer team. - Captain Maria Kristina B. Javellana one third of its bridge officers are now female, in an Philippines’ first female master, May 2017 industry where less than 2% of mariners are women Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP) is 26 women representing 16 different countries the first Filipina woman to command as shipmaster of - Liza Lutoff-Perlo - first female CEO of a public-traded cruise an overseas merchant ship. line, December 2014 Silay City, Negros Occidental - third Officer Gifty Adu Gyamfi (Ghana) - first West African - Capt. Cezan Villaruz Paulo, 35 woman to work on the bridge first Filipina woman to become captain, 2017 - With Capt Kate were nine-person Bridge team, including four PMMA female officers: Chief Officer Rachel Arnold (UK); Second CMB Floris, also a bulk carrier, sailing under the flag Officer Dionysia Giapappa (Greece); Third Officer Gifty Adu of Singapore. Gyamfi (Ghana); and Third Officer Antonina Kolodziejczyk Castillejos, Zambales (Poland). - Karen Cacho, 30 Chief Engineer Women Cruise Captain Palawan - Karin Stahre-Janson PMMA a Swedish cruise ship captain. bulk carrier the commanding officer of Monarch of the Seas in - Sherrain Dominguez 2007 Chief engineer - Captain Sarah Breton Philippine Institute of Maritime Science and Carnival Corporation’s first female Captain when she Technology took command of P&O Cruises’ Artemis in 2010 MARINA Outstanding Women of the Year and won - Captain Belinda Bennett the Philippine Transmarine Carrier Ambassador the world’s first black female cruise captain Award 2023 Windstar's first woman captain, in March 2016. - Captain Serena Milani IMO Secretary-General Arsenio Dominguez stated: 2020, the first woman in the world to captain a new ’We must – and will – do more [to support gender equality]. cruise ship at its launch with Regent Seven Seas, By investing in women’s education and professional Explora development, we empower women, drive innovation and foster sustainability within the maritime industry, to the - Captain Kate McCue benefit of all’.