Reviewer- Imaging Modalities in Radiology.pdf

Reviewer: Imaging Modalities in Ultrasonography Radiology Description: Uses high-frequency Overview of Radiology Modalities sound waves to produce images. Pro...

Reviewer: Imaging Modalities in Ultrasonography Radiology Description: Uses high-frequency Overview of Radiology Modalities sound waves to produce images. Procedure: A transducer placed on Radiology modalities are techniques used to the skin emits sound waves, which create images of the human body for are recorded and displayed as diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These real-time images. modalities utilize various technologies to Benefits: No ionizing radiation, visualize internal structures, aiding in the painless, fast, and easy. detection of abnormalities, diagnosis of diseases, and guidance of treatment plans. Plain X-rays Function: Pass radiation through the body, detected on the other side by a film or digital detector. Output: Black and white images showing the density of different tissues. Computed and Digital Radiography Computed Radiography (CR): Uses cassette-based phosphor storage plates scanned into a digital format. Digital Radiography (DR): Uses flat panel detectors converting X-rays to charge, producing a digital image. Technology: Both rely on digital technologies and computer networks. Fluoroscopy Description: Gathers real-time Computed Tomography (CT) moving images using a fluoroscope. Uses: Diagnostic purposes and Function: Uses X-rays and special interventional guidance in computers to produce cross-sectional procedures like surgeries and images of the body. catheter placements. Output: Detailed images for diagnosing Advantages: Provides real-time various conditions, including cancers. visualization, aiding in surgical Advantages: Fast, painless, noninvasive, precision and reducing the need for and capable of detecting internal injuries invasive procedures. and bleeding. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Description: Uses a combination of a large magnet, radio frequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images. Uses: Examines the brain, neck, chest, abdomen, spine, extremities, and other soft tissues. Advantages: No ionizing radiation, provides detailed soft tissue images. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Function: Reveals metabolic or biochemical function using a radioactive tracer. Procedure: Tracer is injected, highlighting areas of high metabolic activity. Uses: Identifying conditions like cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders. Advantages: Detects diseases Nuclear Medicine early, combines with CT or MRI for detailed imaging. Function: Uses radioactive tracers to assess bodily functions and diagnose/treat diseases. Common Modalities: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Procedure: Radiotracer is administered and tracked using specialized cameras.Advantages: Low radiation dose, real-time functional imaging. Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) Function: Analyzes the function of internal organs using a radioactive substance and a special camera. Uses: Diagnosing or monitoring brain disorders, heart problems, and bone disorders. Bone Densitometry (DEXA, DXA) Output: 3-D images showing organ function. Description: Uses a small dose of ionizing radiation to measure bone density. Common Uses: Diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture risk. Advantages: Simple, quick, noninvasive, and the standard method for diagnosing osteoporosis. Radiation Therapy Description: Uses intense energy beams to kill cancer cells. Types: External beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy. Mechanism: Damages genetic material in cells to stop growth and division. Goal: Destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells.