Reviewer for STS Chapter 8 PDF

Reviewer for STS Chapter 8 - Scientific Revolution changed the modern era by introducing Information Age – time period in which important scientist, their d...

Reviewer for STS Chapter 8 - Scientific Revolution changed the modern era by introducing Information Age – time period in which important scientist, their discoveries people could access information and led to the development of modern knowledge easily. tools, inventions and innovations – also known as Computer Age, - Industrial Revolution brought about Digital Age or New Media Age. major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, James R. Messenger – conceived the theory transportation, and most especially in of Information Age in 1982 communication and information - He published the book “The Death of technology The American Telephone & Some experts agree that a common start date Telegraph. for modern era of information age is the - He is known as the Father of the launch of the first electronic general- Information Age. purpose computer known as ENIAC 8.1 History of Information Age (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) by John Mauchly and J. Presper Johannes Gutenberg – made the first Eckert version of the printing press - ENIAC was used by the US Army to - 500 years ago, Gutenberg was computer World War II ballistic responsible for initiating an firing tables information & communication - ENIAC’s Field of Application revolution o weather prediction Periods of Information Revolutions o atomic energy calculations o cosmic ray studies 1. The 1st information revolution is o thermal ignition print-based, this is the Gutenberg era o random-number studies when mass distribution of o wind-tunnel design information became possible - ENIAC became obsolete as the need 2. The 2nd information revolution is arose for faster computing speeds dominated by pre-digital - ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring developments when computers and switches for programming, started to be introduced. occupies more than 1000 square feet 3. Last revolution began by the and 18,000 vacuum tubes and introduction of Internet weighted 30 tons Different Eras that paved the way for Information Age - Renaissance influenced the information age by creating the idea of inventions Stephen Kent Malagday BSCS 1-1 Pasko sa Pamansatasan date pls  UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) 1976 First personal Apple-1 Steve computer with Wozniak & - is the first American commercial keyboard Steve Jobs computer, designed for business use 1981 First true mobile Osborne-1 Adam - could perform about 1000 computer Osborne calculations per second 1983 First Motorola Martin commercial Dynatac Cooper Internet – first developed by US the mobile phone 8000x Department of Defense 1988 First fully Fuji DS-1P Steve digital camera Sasson - it led to the formation of the 1988 First fully Gavillian Manny ARPANET (Advance Research functional Fernandez Projects Agency Network) laptop computer 1991 First website info.cern.ch Tim - in early days the internet was used address Berners- mainly by scientist to communicate Lee with other scientists 1991 World Wide Tim - the internet remained under Web Berners- government control until 1984 Lee 1992 First smartphone Angler Frank World Wide Web (WWW) or Web Canova 1993 First personal Apple John - August 23 1991 users accessed digital assistant Newton Sculley internet for the first time Message Pad - Web is defined as “combination of all 1993 First popular Mosaic Marc resources and users on the internet web browser Andreeseen that are using the Hypertext Transfer 1994 Yahoo Jerry Yang& Protocol (HTTP) David Filo Internet vs Web 1995 First online Amazon.com Bezos - Internet is a global network of retailer networks 1995 Internet Microsoft - Web is a collection of information explorer 1996 Google Larry Page which is accessed via the internet & Sergey Year Description Name of Inventor Brin developed invention /developer 1997 First social Six Degrees Andrew 1946 First general- ENIAC J.Mauchly &J. media site Weinrich purpose Eckert 2001 First online Wikipedia Jimmy computer encyclopedia Wales& 1965 First Olivetti Pier Giorgio Larry commercial Programma Perotto Sanger desktop 101 2007 First smartphone iPhone Steve Jobs computer by Apple Inc 1974 First internet Telenet Bolt Beranek service & Newman provider Stephen Kent Malagday BSCS 1-1 Pasko sa Pamansatasan date pls 8.2 Computers and Mobile Phones - Computers and mobile phones According to functionality provided a major defining event that Analog Computer – uses physical accelerated the advent of the phenomena information age Digital Computer- performs calculations and 8.2.1 Computers logical operations with quantities represented - Computers is defined as “a machine as digits or device that performs processes, Hybrid Computers – capable of inputting & calculations and operations based on outputting in both digital and analog signals. instructions provided by a software or hardware. According to size - It is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of solutions by Super computer – fastest and most powerful combining integrated hardware and type of computer; very expensive software components Mainframe computer – very large and Types of computer expensive capable of supporting hundred or thousands of users simultaneously - According to purpose - According to functionality Mini computer or Server – midsize computer; - According to size capable of supporting 4 to 200 users simultaneously According to purpose Micro computer or Personal Computer - General purpose computers o Designed to perform range of - Desktop Computer: a personal or task micro-mini computer sufficient to fit o Have the ability to store on a desk numerous programs - Laptop Computer: a portable o Lack in speed and efficiency computer complete with an integrated - Specific purpose computers screen and keyboard o Designed to handle a specific - Palmtop Computer/Digital problem or to perform specific Diary/Netbook/Personal Digital task Assistant: a hand-sized computer, no o A set of instructions is built keyboard the screen serves both as an into the machine input and output device - Workstation: terminal or desktop computer in network, term for a user’s machine in contrast to a “server” or “mainframe” Stephen Kent Malagday BSCS 1-1 Pasko sa Pamansatasan date pls SUMMIT – the fastest supercomputer, it has Social Media vs Social Networking a storage of 148.6 pentabytes Social media is a platform for broadcasting In May 2013, the Philippines was the first information whereas social networking is a ASEAN country to possess a supercomputer platform for communicating with one named as “IBM Blue Gene” the pilot project another. that utilized the supercomputer was DOST’s - There are 5.11 billion people unique Nationwide Operational Assessment of mobile users Hazards (Project NOAH). - There are 4.39 billion internet users in 2019 - There are 3.48 billion social media 8.2.2 Mobile Phones users in 2019 - The world’s first mobile phone call - 3.26 billion people use social media was made on April 3 1973 Timeline of Social Media - In 1983 Motorola released its first 2002 Friendster commercial mobile phone known as 2003 LinkedIn, Myspace “Motorola DynaTac 8000X 2004 Facebook - The first available commercially 2005 Youtube available device that could be 2006 Twitter properly referred to as a 2007 BizSugar, Tumblr “smartphone” began as a prototype 2008 Facebook Messenger called “Angler” developed by Frank 2010 Instagram, Canova in 1992. Pinterest, Viber - A refined version was marketed to on mobile devices consumers in 1994 by BellSouth under the name “Simon Personal On average, people 7.6 social media Communicator”. accounts. The average daily time spent on social media as of January 2018 is 42 minutes 8.3 Social Media and Social Networking per day Sites Social media – a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts Friendster – founded by Canadian computer and information. programmer Jonathan Abrams in 2002 as a social networking service website but redesigned and relaunched as a social gaming platform in June 2011 LinkedIn – was founded in the late 2002, it considered as the most popular social media site for professional networking. Stephen Kent Malagday BSCS 1-1 Pasko sa Pamansatasan date pls  Viber – launched in 2010 as a cross platform voice over IP and instant messaging software Myspace – is an American social networking application website which is launched in 2004 by Tom Anderson, Christ DeWolfe and Jan Hart. It Facebook is the most popular website with holds the record of the most visited social 2.3 billion users followed by Youtube with networking site in the world from 2005 to 1.9 billion users. 2008 Skype – was first released in August 2003, it 8.4.1 Health Risks was the first to add video conferencing in 2006 Being over exposed to digital media can take a toll on your mental and emotional well- Facebook – was launched and founded by beings as well as cause various physical Mark Zuckerberg with his college roomates problems with Eduardo Saverin in 2004 1. Eyestrain and Hearing Problems Youtube – began when paypal employees 2. Brain Cancer created a video-sharing website where users 3. Depression could upload, share and view content. 4. Accidents www.youtube.com was activated February a. Anti-Distracted Driving Act 14, 2005 of 2016 “bans the use of a Twitter – was created on March 2006 by Jack mobile communication device Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone and Evan while driving or waiting on a Williams, it is an online news and social red signal networking service. Tumblr – a microblogging and social Information Overloading networking website founded by David Karp in 2007. Users can follow other users blog. b. The term “information overload” was coined by BizSugar – a social networking platform and Bertram Gross but it was niche resource for small business owners, popularized by Alvin Toffler entrepreneurs and managers. Created in 2007 in his book “Future Shock” by DBH Communications in 1970 Facebook Messenger – is a messaging app c. Is a situation in which too and platform. Originally developed as much information is given at Facebook Chat in 2008 one time which can cause the inability to think clearly. Instagram – created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger and launched in October 2010 Pinterest – a web and mobile application startup designed to discover information in the world wide web. Launched in 2010 Stephen Kent Malagday BSCS 1-1 Pasko sa Pamansatasan date pls 8.4.3 Data Privacy 8.4.4 Cybercrime Data privacy or information privacy is the Cybercrime is a crime in which a computer necessity to preserve and protect any personal is the object of the crime (hacking, information collected by any organization phishing, spamming) or is used as a tool to from being accessed by a third party. commit an offense (child pornography, hate crimes). Criminals can also use computers for 8.4.3.1 Data Privacy Act of the Philippines communication and document or data Filipinos are heavy social media users, for 4 storage, criminals who perform these illegal years straight the Philippines leads the activities are often referred to as hackers worldwide social media users (2016-2019). Cybercrime can be broken into two categories President Beningno Aquino signed into law 1. Crimes that target computer networks the Republic Act No. 10173 known as the or devices. These types of crimes Data Privacy Act (DPA) of 2012 include viruses and denial-po-service (DoS) attacks Scope of RA 10173 2. Crimes that use computer networks to - All personal information must be advance other criminal activities. collected for reasons that are These types of crimes include specified, legitimate and reasonable cyberstalking, phishing and fraud or - Personal information must be kept identity theft. accurate and relevant, used only for 8.4.4.1 Cybercrime Prevention Act of the the stated purpose and retained only Philippines for as long as reasonably needed - Personal information must be kept Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime discarded in a way that does not make Prevention Act of 2012 was signed into law it visible and accessible to by President Benigno Aquino unauthorized third parties. Punishable acts under 10175 The Data Privacy Act protects individuals 1. Cybersex, child pornography from unauthorized processing of personal 2. Cyber libel which includes posting information that is private and identifiable. defamatory comments on social networking sites 3. Unsolicited commercial communication 4. Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and system 5. Cybersquatting Stephen Kent Malagday BSCS 1-1 Pasko sa Pamansatasan date pls  6. Computer related forgery, fraud and Purpose/Point of view – Why is it being identity theft written? Is it a fact or opinion? 8.4.5 Fake News Fake news also known as junk news or pseudo-news as a type of yellow journalism or propaganda that consist of deliberate disinformation or hoaxes. How to spot fake news: 1. Take a closer look a. Check the source of the story 2. Look beyond the headline a. Check the entire article, many fake news stories use sensationalist or shocking headline to grab attention 3. Check other sources a. Are other reputable new/media outlets reporting on the story? 4. Check the facts a. Fake news stories often contain incorrect dates and altered timelines 5. Check your biases a. Are your own views or beliefs affecting your judgement of a news 6. Is it a joke? a. Satirical jokes are popular online and sometimes it is not always clear whether a tory is just a joke or a parody Another useful way is CRAP test Currency – when was the article written? What about the sources they are using? Relevancy/Reliability – Are they using appropriate sources & data? Authority – who wrote it? Are they credible? Are they a real person? Stephen Kent Malagday BSCS 1-1 Pasko sa Pamansatasan date pls