REVIEWER-FOR-P2-UTS .pdf

attractiveness. Both physical self and body image MODULE 6: The Cognitive shape one's physical identity, influenced by Construction of Self genetics, self-care, and cultural factors. Ca...

attractiveness. Both physical self and body image MODULE 6: The Cognitive shape one's physical identity, influenced by Construction of Self genetics, self-care, and cultural factors. Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, Body image refers to how you perceive believed that personal growth requires an open your appearance. environment where individuals can express Genes determine traits like eye color. themselves freely without fear of judgment. This Taking care of your body through healthy openness and self-disclosure lead to greater habits is considered self-care. self-awareness and understanding. He also The conflict arises between self-care emphasized that every person has a fundamental practices (veganism) and cultural norms. motive to self-actualize, meaning to realize their An effective message would celebrate the full potential and become the best version of diversity of human bodies and highlight themselves by aligning their actions with their functionality. authentic values and goals. Cultural beauty standards can be influenced by historical events. A therapist should create a judgment-free Therapeutic Approach for Body environment for self-exploration and Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), The therapist growth to facilitate self-actualization. should challenge distorted body image Self-actualization is consistent with perceptions and explore cultural influences. accepting oneself and living authentically, rather than conforming to societal norms or seeking external rewards. Self-actualization MODULE 9: The Economic and is about living authentically and reaching Material Self: Living in a Material one’s full potential. World The state where a person’s ideal self aligns with their real self is called Congruence. The material or economic self is an extension of Rogers emphasized that an environment of the physical self, where possessions like acceptance and empathy is crucial for clothing, gadgets, and vehicles act as external personal growth. representations of identity, reflecting personal tastes and lifestyle. These material possessions can also serve as social signifiers, indicating MODULE 7: Individualistic versus status, wealth, and success. For instance, owning Collectivist Self luxury items can signal affluence and higher social standing in many societies. In Western cultures, the individualist self emphasizes personal goals, autonomy, and Material possessions can serve as tangible independence. People prioritize their own needs representations of our identity and and those of their immediate family, valuing personality. self-reliance and personal freedom. In contrast, The effect where getting something new Eastern cultures embrace a collectivist self, makes you want to buy more things is where individuals prioritize the needs of the called the Diderot Effect. group, such as family or community, over The Diderot Effect occurs when acquiring a personal desires. Loyalty to the group and new possession leads to a desire for maintaining harmony are highly valued. additional related items. Basic needs for survival, the most basic To adapt to a new culture, the best approach needs are food, water, and shelter. is to learn about the local customs and "Wants" are driven by desires for comfort, values to show respect and understanding. pleasure, or social status. Individualist cultures value autonomy, Responsible consumption involves whereas collectivist cultures prioritize distinguishing between needs and wants group cohesion. and budgeting accordingly. An example of The Individualist self highly values a responsible consumer habit is making a independence and personal achievement. budget and sticking to it. Collectivist cultures, which emphasize interdependence, are more common in East Asia. MODULE 10: The Spiritual Self: The Collectivist Self emphasizes prioritizing Inner Soul the needs of the group over individual desires. The concept of the Spiritual Self emphasizes an inner essence or soul that transcends the physical MODULE 8: The Physical Self: The body. It involves deep reflection on life's Impact of Culture on Body Image fundamental questions, guiding behavior according to personal values and moral The physical self refers to everything about your principles. Spirituality emphasizes love for body that makes you unique, including height, oneself, others, and the world, recognizing the shape, features, strength, and sensory interconnectedness of all beings and promoting experiences. Body image, related to the physical kindness and compassion in daily interactions. self, is how individuals perceive and feel about their appearance, encompassing thoughts, Spirituality leads to actions aligned with beliefs, and emotions about body size, shape, and core values and compassion.  Hinduism views Atman as eternal and The ability to become pregnant is not a identical to Brahman. secondary sex characteristic. The concept of Anatta suggests that the self The hypothalamus releases hormones that is an illusion composed of ever-changing trigger puberty. elements. The kararwa, or the main soul, is vital and MODULE 12: The Sexual Self: only leaves after death. It's the Ilokano term Development of the Secondary Sex, for the Christian soul. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and The karkarma, or second soul, can leave Methods of Contraception when frightened or stolen if one ventures to isolated areas.In Filipino tradition, losing Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused the Karkarma soul may lead to insanity. by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are Karkarma can leave the body and needs to primarily spread through sexual contact, be retrieved, while kararwa remains with involving bacteria, viruses, or parasites. STIs can the body. also be transmitted through bodily fluids like The aniwaas (aningaas or alingaas), or third blood, semen, and vaginal fluids, and nonsexual soul, leaves during sleep to visit familiar transmission can occur during pregnancy, places. childbirth, blood transfusions, or shared needles. The ar-aria, or fourth soul, is the liberated Importantly, STIs often do not present soul of the dead, visiting relatives and symptoms, meaning individuals can friends. unknowingly transmit infections even if they appear healthy. MODULE 11: The Sexual Self: Adolescents may find it difficult to talk Development of the Secondary Sex about sexual health due to embarrassment or discomfort. The sexual self encompasses an individual's (HPV, Syphilis, Herpes) can be transmitted understanding of their sexual growth and from mother to child during pregnancy or changes, influenced by experiences, beliefs, and childbirth. information from various sources. It includes Condoms are readily available and protect aspects such as sexual health, attraction, gender against STDs. identity, and values regarding sexuality. Sexual A healthy coping strategy is exercising development is a lifelong process that begins at regularly. conception and varies for each person in terms of The male condom is a thin latex sheath patterns and timing. worn on the penis. Sigmund Freud's theory on sexual development includes his concept of psychosexual stages —oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital—where MODULE 13: The Sexual Self: Sexual each stage focuses on specific erogenous zones Orientation, Gender Identity, and of the body that can evoke pleasure or Expression frustration. Freud posited that human development involves the tension and release of Understanding the difference between sex sexual energy (libido), shaping personality as assigned at birth and gender identity helps create individuals mature through these stages. a more inclusive society by recognizing that gender identity is not limited to biological sex. Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages propose that erogenous zones are areas of The Genderbread Person is a visual guide and the body that, when stimulated, can create approachable model for understanding the social feelings of pleasure or sexual arousal, the construction of gender. It was developed by Sam main criticism is that Freud’s theory does Killerman. It is used to explain the four main not consider the influence of culture and components of gender – sex, expression, identity society on sexuality. and attraction. The Latency stage allows children to develop socially and explore non-sexual Heterosexual, Attracted to people of a interests. different gender Secondary sex characteristics distinguish Homosexual, Attracted to people of the between males and females visually. same gender. HPGA System and puberty, the brain Bisexual, Attracted to people of two or releases hormones that stimulate the sex more genders. organs to produce hormones, triggering Pansexual, Attracted to people regardless of puberty. The HPGA is not involved in gender identity or expression. Pansexual puberty; it regulates emotions. attraction focuses on the person, not their The part of you that helps you learn and gender label. understand sexual growth is the Sexual Asexual, Experiencing little to no sexual Self. attraction to others. Puberty typically begins for girls between Polysexual, Attracted to multiple, but not 8-12 years old. all, gender. The hormone responsible for changes in boys during puberty is testosterone.