Reviewer for NCM 101 Finals PDF

**GENITOURINARY** **ABNORMAL FINDINGS (FEMALE)** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **URINARY SYSTEM** | **REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1. **Polyuria** (overpro...

**GENITOURINARY** **ABNORMAL FINDINGS (FEMALE)** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **URINARY SYSTEM** | **REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1. **Polyuria** (overproduction | 1. **Genital Lesions** (result | | of urine) | from syphilis/red, painless | | | lesion) | | 2. **Hematuria** (blood in | | | urine) | 2. **Vaginal Discharge** (result | | | from bacterial vaginosis) | | 3. **Nocturia** (excessive | | | urination) | 3. **Cervical Polyps** (bright, | | | red, soft and fragile | | 4. **Dysuria** (painful | lesions) | | urination) | | | | 4. **Vaginal and uterine | | 5. **Urinary Frequency** | prolapse** (anterior vaginal | | (abnormally frequency | wall & bladder prolapse) | | urination) | | | | 5. **Rectocele** (herniation of | | 6. **Urinary Urgency** (sudden | the rectum) | | urges to urinate) | | | | 6. **Dysmenorrhea** (painful | | 7. **Urinary Hesitancy** | menstruation) | | (difficulty starting urine | | | stream) | 7. **Amenorrhea** (absence of | | | menstrual flow) | | 8. **Urinary Incontinence** | | | (involuntary release of | | | urine) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **ABNORMAL FINDINGS (MALE)** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **URINARY SYSTEM** | **REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1. **Hematuria** (blood in | 1. **Paraphimosis** (tight | | urine) | prepuce when retracted gets | | | caught behind the glans and | | 2. **Nocturia** (excessive | can't replaced) | | urination) | | | | 2. **Hypospadias** (urethral | | 3. **Urinary Frequency** | meatus) | | (abnormally frequency | | | urination) | 3. **Hydrocele** (collection of | | | fluid in testicle) | | 4. **Urinary Urgency** (sudden | | | urges to urinate) | 4. **Hernia** (protusion of | | | organ through muscle wall) | | 5. **Urinary Hesitancy** | | | (difficulty starting urine | 5. **Erectile Dysfunction** | | stream) | (inability to achieve & | | | maintain penile erection) | | | | | | 6. **Priapism** (persistent, | | | painful erection) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **NEUROLOGIC** **CRANIAL NERVES** 1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Auditory 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus 11. Spinal/Accessory 12. Hypoglossal **ASSESSMENT OF CRANIAL NERVES** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve I** (olfactory) | Identify at least 2 smells | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve II** (optic) | Test visual acuity | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve III** | Test exraocular movement using 6 | | (oculomotor) | cardinal position of gaze | | | | | **IV** (trochlear nerve) | | | | | | **VI** (abducens nerve) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve V** (Trigeminal) | Ability to feel light touch and | | | pain over the face | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve VII** (Facial | Test taste perception and face | | nerve) | for symmetry | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve VIII** (acoustic) | Test hearing and check balance | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve IX** | Check gag reflex | | (glossopharyngeal) | | | | | | **X** (vagus) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve XI** (Spinal | Check strength of | | accessory) | sternocleidomastoid and trapezius | | | muscles | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cranial Nerve XII** | Assess tongue position, movement, | | (Hypoglossal) | symmetry | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **ABNORMAL CRANIAL NERVE FINDINGS** 1. **Olfactory Impairment** (inability to detect odors) 2. **Visual Impairment** (visiual field defects, eye muscle & facial nerve impairment) 3. **Auditory Problems** (difficulty hearing/hearing loss) 4. **Vertigo** (illusion of movement resulting from disturbance of vestibular centers) 5. **Dysphagia** (difficulty swallowing) 6. **Speech Disorders** (impaired fluency or expression) 7. **Constructional problems** (APRAXIA- inability to perform purposeful movement) and (AGNOSIA- inability to identify common objects) **MUSCULOSKELETAL** **5 P'S of Musculoskeletal Injury** 1. Pain 2. Paresthesia 3. Paralysis 4. Pallor 5. Pulse **ABNORMAL MUSCLE MOVEMENTS** 1. **Tics** (sudden uncontrolled face, shoulder and extremities movement) 2. **Tremors** (involuntary repetitive movements in fingers, wrists, eyelid, tongue & legs) 3. **Fasciculations** (fine twitching in small muscle groups) 4. **Abnormal Gaits** (spastic, scissoring, propulsive, steppage waddling) **CLINICAL ALERT, DOCUMENTATION OF DINGINDS, PATIENT & FAMILY EDUCATION & HOME TEACHING** KEYPOINTS: --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **FACT** Used to guide the fundamental aspects of nursing documentation **NURSING DOCUMENTATION** Process of using written/electronically generated info to describe client care & outcomes **CLIENT RECORD** Document serves as legal proof of care provided and can be used in court **TEACH-BACK METHOD** Process nurses use to ensure patients clearly understand medical instructions by asking them to repeat the info. **ERROR CORRECTION** Act of addressing issues like medication ommisions, unclear orders or chart inaccuracies in nursing documentation --------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **COMMON DOCUMENTATION ERROR IN NURSING** 1. Unclear Orders 2. Medication or allergy omission 3. Blank items on a chart 4. Writing imprecise descriptions **DIAGNOSTIC TESTS (routinary laboratory exams)** KEYPOINTS (*remember, it might be part of the test*) **Blood chemistry test (**Diagnostric test that requires patient preparation of being NPO after midnight) **Serum Creatinine** (laboratory test result that most likely to be ordered to assess kidney function) **MRI** (generally contraindicated for patients with pacemaker) **Verifying the patient's allergies, particularly to iodine** (an essential nursing intervention BEFORE A CT scan with contrast) **A White blood cell count of 15,000/mm3** (would be a significant concern when monitoring a patient for signs of infection **3 to 5 days after period** (best time to do BSE/breast self examination) **HYPOKALEMIA** (condition that nurse might suspect in a patient with severe muscle cramps and a low potassium level) \- To collect clean catch urine sample from female patient instruct them **to wipe front to back with single wipe.** \- Nursing action is appropriate for a patient preparing for bronchoscopy is to **Instruct the patient to avoid eating for 8 hours before the test** \- After collecting a sputum specimen for culture, the appropriate nursing intervention is to **label it properly and promptly send it to the laboratory** \- The nurse should **wipe away the first drop of blood using sterile gauze** when assessing a patient's capillary blood glucose \- **Dimpling and orange peel appearance of the breast** (alarming BSE/ breast self examination findings) \- For a 24-hour urine collection, **discard the first voided urine and record the time as the start of the collection.**