Genitourinary Abnormal Findings Quiz

Genitourinary Abnormal Findings (Female)

• Urinary System:
  • Polyuria: Overproduction of urine
  • Hematuria: Blood in urine
  • Nocturia: Excessive urination
  • Dysuria: Painful urination
  • Urinary Frequency: Abnormally frequent urination
  • Urinary Urgency: Sudden urge to urinate
  • Urinary Hesitancy: Difficulty starting urine stream
  • Urinary Incontinence: Involuntary release of urine

Genitourinary Abnormal Findings (Male)

• Urinary System:
  • Hematuria: Blood in urine
  • Nocturia: Excessive urination
  • Urinary Frequency: Abnormally frequent urination
  • Urinary Urgency: Sudden urge to urinate
  • Urinary Hesitancy: Difficulty starting urine stream

Reproductive System (Female)

• Genital Lesions: Result from syphilis; red, painless lesions.
• Vaginal Discharge: Result from bacterial vaginosis.
• Cervical Polyps: Bright red, soft, fragile lesions.
• Vaginal and Uterine Prolapse: Anterior vaginal wall and bladder prolapse.
• Rectocele: Herniation of the rectum.
• Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation.
• Amenorrhea: Absence of menstrual flow.

Reproductive System (Male)

• Paraphimosis: Tight prepuce; retracted, caught behind glans, cannot be replaced.
• Hypospadias: Abnormal urethral opening.
• Hydrocele: Collection of fluid in testicles.
• Hernia: Protrusion of organ through muscle wall.
• Erectile Dysfunction: Inability to achieve and maintain penile erection.
• Priapism: Persistent, painful erection.

Cranial Nerves

• Olfactory: Detecting odors
• Optic: Visual acuity
• Oculomotor: Extraocular movements
• Trochlear: Extraocular movements
• Trigeminal: Sensory and motor functions of face
• Abducens: Extraocular movements
• Facial: Taste and facial expressions
• Auditory: Hearing and balance
• Glossopharyngeal: Taste and swallowing
• Vagus: Sensory and motor functions of various organs
• Spinal/Accessory: Neck and shoulder movements
• Hypoglossal: Tongue movements

Assessment of Cranial Nerves

• Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory): Identify at least 2 smells
• Cranial Nerve II (Optic): Test visual acuity
• Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor) and IV (Trochlear) and VI (Abducens): Test extraocular movements using 6 cardinal positions
• Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal): Ability to feel light touch and pain
• Cranial Nerve VII (Facial): Test taste perception and face symmetry
• Cranial Nerve VIII (Acoustic): Hearing and balance
• Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal): Check gag reflex
• Cranial Nerve X (Vagus): Assess tongue
• Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory): Check the strength of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
• Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal): Assess tongue movements

Abnormal Cranial Nerve Findings

• Olfactory Impairment: Inability to detect odors.
• Visual Impairment: Visual field defects, eye muscle, and facial nerve impairment.
• Auditory problems: Difficulty hearing/hearing loss
• Vertigo: Illusion of movements resulting from vestibular center disturbance.
• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
• Speech Disorders: Impaired fluency or expression.
• Constructional problems (APRAXIA): Inability to perform purposeful movement
• AgnosIas: Inability to identify common objects

Musculoskeletal

• 5 Ps of Musculoskeletal Injury: Pain, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Pallor, Pulse
• Abnormal Muscle Movements: Tics, Tremors, Fasciculations, Abnormal Gaits (spastic, scissoring, propulsive, steppage waddling)

Clinical Alert, Documentation, Patient & Family Education

• Key Points: Key aspects of nursing documentation and the process of using written/electronically generated information to describe patient care.

Common Documentation Errors in Nursing

• Unclear Orders: Unspecific orders or directions.
• Medication or Allergy Omission: Missing information about medications or allergies.
• Blank Items on Chart: Uncompleted sections on medical records.
• Imprecise Descriptions: Vague or unclear descriptions of patient conditions or observations.

Diagnostic Tests

• Blood Chemistry: Diagnostic test that requires patient preparation of being NPO after midnight
• Serum Creatinine: Lab test that assesses kidney function.
• MRI: Generally contraindicated for patients with pacemakers.
• White Blood Cell Count: >15,000/mm^3 is a concern for infection
• BSE (Breast Self Examination): Best time to perform is 3-5 days after menstruation
• Hypokalemia: Condition of low potassium levels, sometimes indicated by muscle cramps.