CLJ Reviewer Chapter 1 & 2 PDF

CLJ1 - REVIEWER CHAPTER 1 - CARL DAVID A. ROMERO 1. What is the primary function of the police in the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) To prosecute criminals B) To conduct rehabilitation C) To conduct criminal apprehension or arrest D) To pass judgments 2. What is the main role of the co...

CLJ1 - REVIEWER CHAPTER 1 - CARL DAVID A. ROMERO 1. What is the primary function of the police in the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) To prosecute criminals B) To conduct rehabilitation C) To conduct criminal apprehension or arrest D) To pass judgments 2. What is the main role of the courts in the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) Investigation of crimes B) Conducting judicial proceedings to determine guilt or innocence C) Rehabilitation of offenders D) Community safety 3. Which of the following is not one of the five components of the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) Police B) Prosecution C) Courts D) Legislation 4. Under what circumstance is a warrantless arrest valid in the Philippines? A) If the arrest is made by the President B) During an investigation C) In a case of hot pursuit or in flagrante delicto D) After a court hearing 5. What does the court schedule after an accused person enters a plea? A) Arraignment B) Sentencing C) Preliminary investigation D) Pre-trial 6. What happens during the pre-trial in the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) Sentencing B) Conviction of the accused C) Discussion of plea bargaining, stipulation of facts, and other procedural matters D) Arrest of the suspect 7. If a person is sentenced to less than six years of imprisonment, what can they apply for? A) Bail B) Pardon C) Probation D) Reclusion perpetua 8. Which of the following bodies handles those sentenced to more than three years of imprisonment? A) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) B) Local Government Unit C) Philippine National Police D) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) 9. What is the main role of the community in the Criminal Justice System? A) Conducting arrests B) Promoting public safety and crime prevention C) Sentencing criminals D) Investigating crimes 10. Which of the following sections in the 1987 Philippine Constitution ensures the right to bail? A) Article III, Section 13 B) Article II, Section 5 C) Article III, Section 12 D) Article III, Section 21 11. The main goal of the Philippine Criminal Justice System includes: A) Crime prevention B) Enforcement of civil laws C) Promotion of government policies D) Prosecution of civil cases 12. What does the term "in flagrante delicto" mean? A) After the crime B) Caught in the act C) Under investigation D) Sentenced to imprisonment 13. Who grants executive clemency in the Philippines? A) The Senate B) The House of Representatives C) The President D) The Supreme Court 14. Which model emphasizes efficiency in the criminal justice process? A) Crime Control Model B) Due Process Model C) Rehabilitation Model D) Social Welfare Model 15. What is the primary consideration of the Due Process Model? A) Speed in case resolution B) Rights of the accused C) Conviction rate D) Community safety 16. Which of the following best describes Criminology according to Edwin Sutherland? A) Study of legal processes B) Study of societal reactions to law-breaking C) Application of forensic science D) Investigation of criminal behavior 17. How does Criminology differ from Criminal Justice? A) Criminology focuses on research, while Criminal Justice focuses on the legal process B) Criminology is concerned with court proceedings, while Criminal Justice deals with police work C) Criminology emphasizes rehabilitation, while Criminal Justice does not D) Both focus on the same aspects of crime and punishment 18. Which of the following is true about the Juvenile Justice System in the Philippines? A) Juveniles are prosecuted under the Revised Penal Code B) Juveniles are tried in regular courts C) Juveniles undergo a special approach based on restorative justice D) Juveniles face the same penalties as adults 19. What is the international effort for trying crimes against humanity? A) INTERPOL B) United Nations C) International Criminal Court (ICC) D) International Court of Justice (ICJ) 20. What is a primary cooperative effort of the United Nations in dealing with international crime? A) Conducting surveys on crime data B) Policing member states C) Enforcing international law directly D) Establishing local police forces in member states 21. Who conducts the preliminary investigation in the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) Police officer B) The President C) The Prosecutor D) The judge 22. What legal document is issued by a judge for an arrest to take place? A) Court order B) Arrest warrant C) Search warrant D) Executive order 23. What are the two main approaches to correction and rehabilitation? A) Judicial and Non-judicial B) Public and Private C) Institutional and Non-institutional D) National and Local 24. What is the main role of INTERPOL? A) Prosecution of offenders B) Law enforcement within countries C) Information-sharing on crimes across national borders D) Conducting peacekeeping operations 25. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is primarily involved in: A) Criminal investigations B) Settling disputes between states C) Enforcing national laws D) Detaining international criminals 26. What happens if the accused does not qualify for non-institutional corrections? A) The accused is acquitted B) The accused is placed in jail or a correctional institution C) The accused is placed on probation D) The accused is pardoned 27. Which of the following is a secondary goal of the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) Maintenance of peace and order B) Crime prevention C) Rehabilitation of offenders D) Prosecution of offenders 28. Which international organization seeks to promote justice and fair treatment of defendants? A) United Nations B) INTERPOL C) World Trade Organization D) International Monetary Fund 29. Under Philippine law, no person can be compelled to: A) Be a witness against themselves B) Serve more than 6 years of imprisonment C) File for probation D) Be tried for a crime twice 30. What is the main function of the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)? A) To conduct police training B) To rehabilitate offenders sentenced to more than three years C) To provide community services D) To conduct parole hearings 31. What is a key difference between Adult Criminal Justice and Juvenile Justice in the Philippines? A) Adults are tried in family courts, while juveniles are not B) Juvenile justice emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment C) Adults are given priority in sentencing D) Juvenile offenders cannot be placed in police custody 32. Which law governs the Juvenile Justice System in the Philippines? A) Republic Act No. 7610 B) Republic Act No. 9344 C) Revised Penal Code D) Presidential Decree No. 968 33. What does "parens patriae" mean in the context of Juvenile Justice? A) The state serves as the guardian of children B) The state enforces strict penalties for juvenile crimes C) The state prioritizes incarceration for juveniles D) Juveniles are tried under adult laws 34. Which of the following principles applies to both Adult and Juvenile Criminal Justice Systems? A) Parens patriae B) Restorative justice C) Capital punishment D) Life imprisonment 35. In which court are juvenile cases primarily handled? A) Supreme Court B) Regional Trial Court C) Family Court D) Sandiganbayan 36. What happens during plea bargaining? A) The accused denies all charges B) The accused negotiates for a lesser sentence in exchange for a guilty plea C) The accused is automatically acquitted D) The case is forwarded to a higher court 37. How does the Due Process Model potentially impact the administration of justice? A) It ensures faster processing of cases B) It may delay justice due to emphasis on individual rights C) It focuses on crime control efficiency D) It prioritizes community involvement 38. What happens after the Pre-Trial stage in the court proceedings? A) Conviction B) Dismissal of the case C) Trial on the merits D) Sentencing of the accused 39. The Philippine President has the power to grant which of the following? A) Mandatory parole B) Executive clemency, including pardon and commutation C) Automatic probation D) Lifetime imprisonment 40. Which of the following is not an element of the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) Prosecution B) Police C) Courts D) Executive branch 41. Which institution is responsible for the correction of inmates sentenced to three years or less? A) Bureau of Corrections B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology C) National Bureau of Investigation D) Parole Board 42. What is the main purpose of probation in the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) Immediate release of offenders B) Supervised rehabilitation of offenders within the community C) Transfer of offenders to foreign countries D) Reduction of sentences without supervision 43. The United Nations plays a significant role in which of the following criminal justice efforts? A) Arresting international criminals B) Establishing local court systems in member countries C) Promoting crime prevention through international cooperation D) Creating military tribunals for war crimes 44. The term "reclusion perpetua" refers to which of the following? A) Life imprisonment B) Community service C) Probation D) Parole 45. Which of the following is a responsibility of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)? A) To prosecute individuals for war crimes B) To settle legal disputes between states C) To oversee national legal systems D) To create new laws for international crimes 46. Which of the following is NOT a form of non-institutional correction? A) Parole B) Probation C) Executive Clemency D) Jail sentence 47. Who can apply for parole in the Philippine Criminal Justice System? A) An accused who has just been arrested B) A convict serving less than six years C) A convict who has served the minimum term of an indeterminate sentence D) A convict who has been acquitted 48. In the Crime Control Model, what is given the highest priority? A) Speed and efficiency in apprehending and prosecuting offenders B) Rights of the accused C) Rehabilitation of offenders D) Crime prevention through community involvement 49. Which of the following best describes "double jeopardy"? A) Being tried for two different crimes at the same time B) Being tried for the same offense twice C) Being tried in both civil and criminal court D) Being tried under two different legal systems 50. Which of the following models prioritizes the protection of the accused's rights over the speed of case resolution? A) Crime Control Model B) Social Control Model C) Due Process Model D) Restorative Justice Model CLJ1 - REVIEWER CHAPTER 2 - CARL DAVID A. ROMERO 1. What is the first goal of law enforcement as mentioned in the presentation? - a) Criminal investigation - **b) Crime prevention** - c) Public service - d) Order maintenance 2. The police are the most visible representative of which institution in society? - **a) The government** - b) The military - c) Private security - d) The courts 3. From which word does "police" originate? - **a) Politia** - b) Politeia - c) Polis - d) Polygraph 4. Which of the following is NOT a role of the police in the criminal justice system? - a) Criminal investigation - b) Preparing and filing complaints - **c) Conducting trials** - d) Making arrests 5. Which law establishes the Philippine National Police (PNP)? - **a) RA 6975** - b) RA 8551 - c) RA 9708 - d) All of the above 6. Which article of the 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates a national police force? - a) Article VI Section 6 - b) Article X Section 7 - **c) Article XVI Section 6** - d) Article XV Section 5 7. The Philippine National Police operates under which principle? - a) Centralized control - **b) Intra-coordination between government offices** - c) Federal policing - d) Local police authority 8. Which agency was patterned after the U.S. FBI? - a) Philippine Coast Guard - **b) National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)** - c) PDEA - d) PNP 9. When was the NBI created? - **a) 1936** - b) 1947 - c) 1978 - d) 1985 10. What is the primary mission of the NBI? - a) To act as the primary law enforcement agency - b) To provide investigative services and research - c) To manage national emergencies - d) To maintain traffic safety 11. Which of the following is NOT an objective of the NBI? - a) To investigate crimes - **b) To operate police training academies** - c) To act as a national clearinghouse for criminal records - d) To assist other agencies in criminal detection 12. Which government department oversees the NBI? - a) Department of National Defense - **b) Department of Justice** - c) Department of the Interior and Local Government - d) Office of the President 13. Which law enforcement agency is responsible for drug enforcement in the Philippines? - a) Bureau of Immigration - b) Bureau of Customs - **c) PDEA** - d) NBI 14. Which agency handles security at the country’s airports? - a) Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) - b) Department of Transportation - **c) Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)** - d) Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) 15. What is police discretion? - a) The power to ignore criminal activity - **b) The wise use of judgment in deciding on actions** - c) The authority to break the law under certain circumstances - d) None of the above 16. Which phase of criminal investigation involves identifying information related to a crime? - a) Evaluation - **b) Recognition** - c) Collection - d) Preservation 17. Arrest is defined as taking a person into custody for what purpose? - a) Criminal investigation - b) Traffic violation - **c) To answer for the commission of an offense** - d) For interrogation purposes 18. What is required for the execution of an arrest with a warrant? - a) Prior notice of the arrest - b) Physical possession of the warrant - **c) Informing the person of the cause of arrest** - d) Bringing the suspect immediately to trial 19. Which of the following is NOT a mode of arrest? - **a) Arrest through private citizen’s discretion** - b) Actual restraint of the person - c) Submission of the person to custody - d) Arrest by warrantless apprehension 20. What is a primary condition under which an officer can use force during an arrest? - a) At any time they deem fit - **b) Only when it is necessary to prevent harm** - c) Only with judicial approval - d) Only when the suspect is armed 21. Searches incident to an arrest may allow officers to confiscate which of the following? - **a) Items subject to the offense** - b) Personal belongings unrelated to the case - c) Items of value for police use - d) Only dangerous weapons 22. What is one requirement for the execution of a warrantless arrest? - a) Approval from a judge - **b) The crime must be committed in the officer’s presence** - c) The suspect must consent to the arrest - d) Immediate public notification 23. Which of the following scenarios justifies a warrantless arrest? - **a) The suspect is attempting to flee the country** - b) The suspect is a government official - c) The suspect has committed a crime in a different region - d) The suspect has an alibi 24. Which rule applies to searching a house during an arrest? - a) Police can search any house without a warrant - b) Police must have a separate search warrant - **c) Police can search if it is related to the arrest** - d) Only with explicit homeowner consent 25. Which agency is responsible for enforcing anti-money laundering laws? - a) Bureau of Customs - **b) Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC)** - c) National Bureau of Investigation - d) Philippine Ports Authority 26. When can a police officer break into a building to make an arrest? - a) Only during daytime hours - b) Only with a search warrant - **c) When they are refused admittance** - d) When the building is abandoned 27. A search warrant must be issued by which of the following? - a) A prosecutor - b) A police officer - **c) A judge** - d) A local government unit 28. Search warrants are valid for how many days? - a) 5 days - b) 7 days - **c) 10 days** - d) 30 days 29. What is the legal principle that allows police to seize items in plain view? - **a) Plain view doctrine** - b) Exclusionary rule - c) Chain of custody - d) Probable cause 30. What is the primary function of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)? - a) Investigating all crimes - **b) Combatting drug-related crimes** - c) Monitoring ports for smuggling - d) Regulating private security agencies 31. Which of the following is NOT a law enforcement agency? - a) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) - b) Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) - c) Commission on Elections (COMELEC) - **d) Department of Finance (DOF)** 32. Under the Stop and Frisk rule, what must an officer have to conduct a search? - a) Probable cause - b) A valid warrant - **c) A reasonable suspicion of concealed weapons** - d) A judge's order 33. What is the maximum time a person can be detained without a warrant? - a) 12 hours - **b) 24 hours** - c) 36 hours - d) 48 hours 34. Which body handles law enforcement for environmental laws? - a) Department of National Defense - **b) Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)** - c) Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) - d) Bureau of Customs 35. Which agency provides technical help to other government offices in criminal cases? - a) Philippine Coast Guard - b) Bureau of Fire Protection - **c) National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)** - d) PDEA 36. What must be present for a search warrant to be valid? - **a) Probable cause and description of items** - b) Judge's verbal consent - c) Approval from law enforcement - d) None of the above 37. The National Bureau of Investigation is under the supervision of which department? - **a) Department of Justice** - b) Department of National Defense - c) Department of the Interior and Local Government - d) Office of the President 38. What is one of the main functions of the PNP? - a) Passing laws - **b) Maintaining peace and order** - c) Conducting elections - d) Overseeing civil law cases 39. Which agency is responsible for issuing licenses for firearms and explosives? - a) NBI - **b) PNP** - c) PDEA - d) Department of National Defense 40. The PNP is mandated to supervise and control which of the following? - a) Local police departments - b) Armed forces - **c) Security agencies and private detectives** - d) National emergency responses 41. What was the primary reason for creating the NBI? - a) To replace the Philippine Constabulary - **b) To create a modern investigative service** - c) To monitor civil law cases - d) To support the local police 42. Which law officially reorganized the NBI? - **a) RA 157** - b) RA 6975 - c) RA 8551 - d) EO 94 43. Which agency can act as the national clearinghouse for criminal records? - a) PDEA - **b) NBI** - c) PNP - d) Bureau of Immigration 44. Which agency provides technical help to government offices and courts in criminal cases? - a) Bureau of Customs - **b) NBI** - c) PDEA - d) PNP 45. What is one of the primary objectives of the NBI? - a) Combatting traffic violations - **b) Investigating crimes and offenses against the laws of the Philippines** - c) Filing criminal charges - d) Overseeing law enforcement training 46. Which law enforcement body has a role in enforcing anti-drug laws? - **a) PDEA** - b) NBI - c) PNP - d) Bureau of Fire Protection 47. The NBI assists other law enforcement agencies upon request in which task? - a) Conducting raids - b) Providing legal defense - **c) Crime detection and investigation** - d) Overseeing criminal trials 48. What is one of the key powers of the NBI under RA 157? - a) Overseeing local police stations - b) Enforcing traffic regulations - **c) Investigating crimes and maintaining peace and order** - d) Managing national emergencies 49. Which department is responsible for overseeing the NBI? - **a) Department of Justice** - b) Department of National Defense - c) Office of the President - d) Department of the Interior and Local Government 50. Which agency is responsible for maintaining security at the nation’s airports? - a) Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) - b) Department of Transportation - **c) Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)** - d) PNP