Research Methods and Writing Styles PDF

Thesis Statement- makes a claim that other people may dispute, challenge, or oppose. Citing Sources-the primary goal of citing source is to give credit where credit is due. Cite a source every time you use a direct quote or paraphrase from it. Remember that when you write an argument, it should be...

Thesis Statement- makes a claim that other people may dispute, challenge, or oppose. Citing Sources-the primary goal of citing source is to give credit where credit is due. Cite a source every time you use a direct quote or paraphrase from it. Remember that when you write an argument, it should be grounded by ideas in evidence from scholarly sources. Academic Argument provides the readers with a position, perspective or point. APA referencing style : \*Book-Author,Title, Year,Publisher Using Single Author in-text citation: (Author's Last Name, Year) \*Article Online Journal: Author's Last Name, First Initial.(Year). Title of article. *Title of Journal*, Volume(Issue), page range.https://doi.org/xxxxxx APA (American Psychological Association) Position Paper- is an argumentative essay that presents an opinion and makes a claim about an issue based on facts that provide a solid foundation for argument. A well structured of position paper is Reason/Claim1-Evidence1, Reason/Claim2, Evidence2, Reason/Claim3, Evidence 3 Counterclaim- a claim made to rebut a previous claim. It an opposing claim. Counter argument- set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. Types of Claims: Claims of Fact center on debates about subjects, believe to be objectively true or untrue. It is empirically disputable. It is basically an existence of facts about past present and future. Ex. Global warming is a human caused phenomenon Claims of Value evaluate the inherent goodness or morality of an event and the value systems by which we should make decisions. Ex. Democracies are the only legitimate form of government. Claims of Policy adrress the course of action we should take, the policies we should adopt, and the way that we attempt to solve problems Ex. We should dismantle prisons and spend our resources on education. Survey Report- the purpose of it is to study a research topic thoroughly, and to summarize the existing studies in an organized manner 4Field Report is a detailed documentations and analysis of specific phenomena, behaviors, processes, people and places. It carefully document a researcher's observations in order to confirm or disprove a theory. Laboratory Report/Scientific Technical Report- conveys the aim, methods, results and conclusions of scientific experiment. It demonstrate your understanding of the scientific method by performing and evaluating a hands on lab experiment. Quantitative technique- is a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. It also a process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. Qualitative technique- gathers participants' experiences, perceptions, and behavior. Experimental Design aims to establish causal relationship between variables Likert Scale or rating system-is a measurement method used in research to evaluate attitudes, opinions and perceptions.It is highly adaptable and can be used across a range of topics, from a customer satisfaction survey, to employment engagement surveys, to market research. Double-barreled question is an informal fallacy. It is committed when someone asks a question that touches upon more that one issue, yet allows only for one answer. Open-ended question-is question that cannot be answered with a "yes" or "no" response, or with static response. Close-ended question- is any question for which a researcher provides research participants with options from which to choose a response. Grouped frequency table is a way of organizing a large set of data into more manageable groups.