Research Methods and Techniques PDF

ECSU, CUDE Department of Housing and Real Property Valuation Research Methods and Techniques Module Code: CUDE 6023 by: Demeke Haile Augest, 2024  Part Four Ethics and Referencing Styles  Research Ethics:  R...

ECSU, CUDE Department of Housing and Real Property Valuation Research Methods and Techniques Module Code: CUDE 6023 by: Demeke Haile Augest, 2024  Part Four Ethics and Referencing Styles  Research Ethics:  Research ethics are the moral principles that govern how researchers should carry out their work.  These principles are used to shape research regulations agreed by groups such as university governing bodies, communities or governments.  All researchers should follow any regulations that apply to their work.  Cont’d … Research Ethics As a concept, ‘research ethics’ refers to a complex set of values, standards and institutional schemes that help constitute and regulate scientific activity. Ultimately, research ethics is a codification of ethics of science in practice. In other words, it is based on general ethics of science, just as general ethics is based on commonsense morality. Research Ethics guidelines and concerns  Freedom of Research and Society  Respects for Individuals  Regard for Groups and Institutions  The Research Community  Contract Research  Science Communication Referencing  The Meaning of Referencing :  It is a method used to demonstrate to your readers that you have conducted a thorough and appropriate literature search, and reading.  Referencing is an acknowledgement that you have used the ideas and written material belonging to other authors in your own work.  As with all referencing styles, there are two parts: citing, and the reference list.  Reasons for the Referencing :  Reference use to standardized style to acknowledge the source of information used in your study.  It is important (morally & legally) to acknowledge someone else’s ideas or words you have used.  If you use someone else’s words or work and fail to acknowledge them – you may be accused of plagiarism and infringing copyright.  Cont’d … Reasons for the Referencing : Referencing correctly enables the marker or reader of your assignment/paper to locate the source of the information. They can verify the information or read further on the topic. Referencing also allows for you to retrace your steps and locate information you have used for assignments and discover further views or ideas discussed by the author. By referencing clearly and correctly, it demonstrates you have undertaken research on the assignment topic and located relevant information.  Cont’d … Reasons for the Referencing  Accurate referencing is a key component of good academic practice and enhances the presentation of your work: it shows that your writing is based on knowledge and informed by appropriate academic reading.  You will ensure that anyone reading your work can trace the sources you have used in the development of your work, and give you credit for your research efforts and quality.  Common Referencing Styles: 1. APA (American Psychological Association) Style  APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books.  It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences, including sociology, education, health sciences, criminal justice, and anthropology, as well as psychology.  It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA), which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.  Reference type Template Example Schmidt, F. L., & Oh, I.-S. (2016). The crisis of confidence in research findings in psychology: Is lack of Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of article. Journal Journal article with a DOI replication the real problem? Or is it something Title, Volume(Issue), page range. DOI else? Archives of Scientific Psychology, 4(1), 32– 37. https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000029 Brown, B. (2010). The gifts of imperfection: Let go of Whole book Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of book. Publisher. who you think you're supposed to be and embrace who you are. Hazelden. Singh, A. A., Hwahng, S. J., Chang, S. C., & White, B. (2017). Affirmative counseling with trans/gender- Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of chapter. In E. variant people of color. In A. Singh & L. M. Dickey Edited book chapter with a DOI Editor & A. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xx–xxi). (Eds.), Affirmative counseling and psychological Publisher. DOI practice with transgender and gender nonconforming clients (pp. 41–68). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14957-003 Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of page. Site American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA Webpage on a website Name. URLGroup Author. (year). Title of page. URL divisions. https://www.apa.org/about/division/  2. Harvard Referencing Style 2. Harvard Referencing Style  The Harvard citation style is a system that students, writers and researchers can use to incorporate other people’s quotes, findings and ideas into their work in order to support and validate their conclusions without breaching any intellectual property laws.  The popular format is typically used in assignments and publications for humanities as well as natural, social and behavioral sciences.  Cont’d … Harvard Referencing Style  In the author–date method (Harvard referencing), the in-text citation is placed in parentheses after the sentence or part thereof that the citation supports.  The citation includes the author's name, year of publication, and page number(s) when a specific part of the source is referred to (Smith 2008, p. 1) or (Smith 2008:1).  Cont’d … Harvard Referencing Style An example of a journal reference: Heilman, J. M. and West, A. G. (2015). "Wikipedia and Medicine: Quantifying Readership, Editors, and the Significance of Natural Language." Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(3), p. e62. doi:10.2196/jmir.4069. Following is an explanation of the components, where the coloring is for demonstration purposes and is not used in actual formatting: Heilman, J. M. and West, A. G. (2015). "Wikipedia and Medicine: Quantifying Readership, Editors, and the Significance of Natural Language." Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17 (3), p.e62. doi:10.2196/jmir.4069. Cont’d … Harvard Referencing Style Author(s) first listed author's name inverted in the bibliography entry Year Article title Journal title in italic type Volume Issue Page numbers[note 1] specific page number in a note; page range in a bibliography entry Digital object identifier Thank You !