Reviewer.docx

Reviewer : Compass: A device that indicates direction relative to the Earth\'s magnetic poles. GPS (Global Positioning System): A satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information anywhere on Earth. Sextant: A tool used to measure the angle between a celestial object a...

Reviewer : Compass: A device that indicates direction relative to the Earth\'s magnetic poles. GPS (Global Positioning System): A satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information anywhere on Earth. Sextant: A tool used to measure the angle between a celestial object and the horizon to determine a position on Earth. Nautical charts: Maps specifically designed for navigation at sea, showing water depths, coastlines, and navigational aids. Radar: A system that uses radio waves to detect objects and determine their position and distance. Marine chronometer: A precise timekeeping device used for celestial navigation. Altimeter: An instrument used to measure altitude above a fixed level. Barometer: A device used to measure atmospheric pressure, which can help predict weather changes. Depth sounder: An instrument used to measure water depth beneath a vessel. AIS (Automatic Identification System): A system used for tracking and identifying vessels in real-time. What does RADAR stand for? Radio Detection and Ranging How does radar work on ships? Radar sends out radio waves that bounce off objects and return to the radar unit, providing information on the object\'s distance and direction. What is the primary purpose of radar on a ship? To detect and track other vessels, land masses, and obstacles to ensure safe navigation. What is the unit of measurement used to determine the distance of an object on radar? Nautical miles (NM) What is the term used to describe the circular sweep of the radar antenna? Radar sweep or radar scan How does radar help ships navigate in low visibility conditions such as fog? Radar can detect objects that are not visible to the naked eye, helping ships navigate safely in low visibility conditions. What is the minimum range that radar can detect objects on the sea surface? Typically around 0.1 nautical miles What is the purpose of ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) on a ship\'s radar system? ARPA assists in tracking and predicting the movements of other vessels to avoid collisions. What is the term used to describe the area around a ship that cannot be seen by radar? Blind spot or radar shadow How does radar help ships in search and rescue operations? Radar can detect distress signals and locate vessels or individuals in need of assistance. What does AIS stand for? Automatic Identification System What is the primary purpose of AIS on ships? To track and identify vessels in real-time How does AIS transmit information between vessels? Through radio signals on VHF frequencies What type of information is typically transmitted by AIS? Ship\'s name, position, course, and speed How does AIS enhance maritime safety and navigation? By providing real-time vessel tracking and collision avoidance What is the primary function of an echo sounder on a ship? To measure water depth beneath the ship. How does an echo sounder work? An echo sounder sends a sound wave (ping) to the seabed, which reflects back to the ship, allowing the device to calculate water depth based on the time taken for the sound wave to return. Why is it important for ships to use an echo sounder? To ensure safe navigation by avoiding underwater obstacles and shallow waters. What unit is typically used to measure depth in echo sounders? Meters or feet. Can an echo sounder provide information about the composition of the seabed? No, an echo sounder only measures water depth and does not provide information about the seabed composition. How does the accuracy of an echo sounder affect ship navigation? Accurate depth measurements from an echo sounder are crucial for safe navigation, especially in shallow or unknown waters. What is the difference between a single-beam and a multi-beam echo sounder? A single-beam echo sounder sends out a single sound beam, while a multi-beam echo sounder sends out multiple beams to cover a wider area. How can echo sounder data be displayed on a ship? Echo sounder data is typically displayed on a screen showing depth readings in real-time. What is the purpose of the safety contour setting on an ECDIS? To indicate the depth of water for safe navigation How does ECDIS receive and display real-time information about the ship\'s position? Through satellite communication What is the significance of the ENC (Electronic Navigational Chart) in ECDIS operation? It shows the ship\'s position and navigational data How does ECDIS help in route planning and monitoring? By calculating optimal routes and displaying them on electronic charts What is the primary purpose of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in maritime navigation? To provide geolocation and time information How does ECDIS enhance situational awareness for mariners? By integrating various navigational sensors and displaying electronic charts Which of the following functions does AIS NOT perform? Measuring water depth What is the main advantage of using radar in maritime navigation? It detects objects and weather formations around the vessel In what way does an echo sounder contribute to navigational safety? By measuring the depth of water beneath the vessel Why is GPS integration important for ECDIS functionality? It ensures accurate real-time positioning on the electronic chart Which system is specifically designed to alert the crew if the watchkeeper becomes incapacitated? BNWAS How does the use of AIS enhance maritime traffic management? By providing real-time updates on vessel positions and movements What is a key benefit of using radar in low visibility conditions? It detects other vessels, landmasses, and obstacles Which function of an echo sounder is particularly beneficial for fishing vessels? Locating fish schools What is the primary advantage of a gyrocompass over a magnetic compass? It is not affected by the Earth\'s magnetic field How does a gyrocompass improve navigation accuracy when integrated with an autopilot system? By enabling automated steering to maintain a set course What is a key functionality of the magnetic compass? It provides a basic directional reference relative to magnetic north Why is the magnetic compass considered an important backup instrument? It operates independently of electronic systems What critical information does a speed log provide for maritime navigation? Vessel's speed through water How does accurate speed data from a speed log assist in voyage planning? By calculating the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) What role does the Weatherfax system play in ensuring the safety of a vessel? It receives weather maps and forecasts In what way does Weatherfax assist mariners in route planning? By providing detailed weather information to avoid severe weather Why is it crucial for mariners to have access to accurate weather forecasts via Weatherfax? To ensure safer and more efficient voyages How does the integration of a gyrocompass with autopilot systems benefit the vessel\'s crew? It reduces the need for manual steering What is the primary purpose of the Voyage Data Recorder (VDR)? To record data from various sensors and equipment for accident investigation and performance monitoring How does the VDR assist in accident investigation? By capturing comprehensive data for incident analysis What functionality does the Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (BNWAS) provide to enhance safety? Visual and audible alarms to alert the crew if the watchkeeper is incapacitated Why is BNWAS required by international maritime regulations like the SOLAS Convention? To enhance navigational safety and prevent accidents due to inattentive watchkeeping What is the primary use of VHF and MF/HF radios on a vessel? To provide a reliable means of maritime communication How do VHF and MF/HF radios assist during emergencies? By sending distress signals to summon assistance What crucial information does the Navtex system provide to ensure safe navigation? Maritime safety information including weather forecasts and navigational warnings How does the Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) assist in locating a vessel or lifeboat in distress? By transmitting a signal detectable by rescue vessels\' radars What is the function of the Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) in distress situations? To transmit a distress signal with the vessel\'s location to rescue authorities via satellites Why is automatic activation of the EPIRB important? It ensures the distress signal is sent even if the crew cannot manually activate the device What does GPS stand for? Who were the members involved in the success of GPS invention? receiver at GPS calculates self-time and position based on data received from: How many minimum satellites are operational in the GPS constellation? The degradation in GPS quality by the U.S. government was discontinued by whom? Which country developed GLONASS contemporaneously with GPS? GNSS systems are: Galileo system for Navigation is operated by: Which of the following is a primary function of ECDIS? AIS is used primarily for: RADAR is an acronym for: What information does an Echo Sounder provide? Which system integrates data from GPS, RADAR, AIS, and Echo Sounder? What is the primary purpose of AIS on a vessel? Which of the following is NOT a feature of ECDIS? How does RADAR help in navigation? What does an Echo Sounder use to measure water depth? Of the following components, which is not a requirement that may be found in an ECDIS? The display of particular colors in ECDIS: According to ECDIS performance standards, the primary function of ECDIS is: Which type of display ensures that the vessel's heading is always pointing to the top of the screen? What is the data source for raster charts in ECDIS? How accurate is ECDIS data required to be according to performance standards? Which feature allows a user-selected depth contour to be highlighted? IHO publication S-52 contains: What is the advantage of organizing chart data categories within an ECDIS database? Which type of chart data structure is linked to attribute tables? What is the basic document created in the billing process? Who should be responsible for establishing the credit limit for new customers or increasing an existing customer's credit limit? Threats during the sales order entry process include: Which characteristic of useful information is absent when inventory information is provided in real time but is questionable due to stock outs reported by the production manager? In the value chain, which function is performed by an employee who collects coconuts for a business selling carved gourmet coconuts? What is the first decision that needs to be made in the revenue cycle? File-oriented approaches create problems for organizations due to: Which cycle includes updating accounts payable based on purchase orders and checks? The collection of employee time sheets is part of which transaction cycle? Pre-numbering of source documents helps to verify that: What does RADAR stand for? What is the purpose of a radar jammer? Which filter is used to maximize the output signal-to-noise ratio in order to obtain the radar receiver output? Why is it necessary to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the IF amplifier? Why are pulse Doppler radars operated with a pulse repetition frequency (PRF)? Which electromagnetic wave is commonly used in radar systems? What is the significant difference between MTI and pulse Doppler radar (PDR)? What is the purpose of the Doppler filter in a simple CW Doppler radar? Which device provides at its two output ports the sum and difference of the signals at its two input ports? What does MTI stand for in radar technology? From this list, select those factors that do not affect the speed of sound in water. Your sounder worked well before the vessel's out-of-water survey. But now that you're back in the water, it does not show the seabed at any depth. What might be the cause? What can be used to change a sounder transducer without removing the vessel from the water?