Environmental Science Reviewer 7-Copernicus

**TORDILLA, KENDRA AKISHA L.** **7-COPERNICUS** **ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE** **REVIEWER** **LESSON 1. INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE** **OBJECTIVES** - Describe environment al science and its definition - Explain the importance of environmental science - Identify the major fields o...

**TORDILLA, KENDRA AKISHA L.** **7-COPERNICUS** **ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE** **REVIEWER** **LESSON 1. INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE** **OBJECTIVES** - Describe environment al science and its definition - Explain the importance of environmental science - Identify the major fields of environment al science **What is Environmental Science?** - ***Environmental science*** is the holistic study of Earth\'s ecosystems and their interplay with human actions, covering physical, biological, and social factors - It is an interdisciplinary field that **integrates areas of life**, **physical**, and **earth science** to ***[study and address problems]*** facing the environment and to **implement science-based solutions** - **Environmental science** is the interdisciplinary field of study that explores the interactions between humans and the natural environment. - It seeks to understand the **complex relationships** between **living organisms** and their **surroundings**, focusing on **the impact of human activities** on the environment and the sustainable management of Earth\'s resources. - **Environmental science** investigates **physical**, **biological,** and **chemical processes** shaping Earth. - **It covers diverse topics**: *ecology, climate change, pollution, conservation, sustainable development.* **Main objective:** Inform and guide actions to protect and preserve our environment for future generations. **MAJOR FIELDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE** 1. **Biology -** the study of life and living organisms. 2. **Ecology -** It is the interaction between organisms and their environment. 3. **Atmospheric Science -** Focuses on Earth\'s atmosphere with an emphasis on its interrelation with other systems. 4. **Environmental chemistry -** It is the study of chemical alterations in the environment. 5. **Geosciences -** This includes environmental geology, environmental soil sciences, volcanic phenomenon, and the evolution of the crust of the earth. 6. **Geology -** It is the study of processes that shape Earth. 7. **Social Science -** It is the study of human behavior and society at a variety of levels. **IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE** - It promotes the study and understanding of natural and human-caused processes in our natural environment. **LESSON 2: BIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION** **There are 9 Levels of Biological Organization:** 1\. Cells 2\. Tissues 3\. Organs 4\. Organ Systems 5\. Organisms 6\. Population 7\. Community 8\. Ecosystem 9\. Biosphere 1. **CELL -** The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells are specialized by size and shape for the job they do. The **smallest fundamental unit** of structure and a. **UNICELLULAR -** This means they are made of only one cell. b. **MULTICELLULAR -** This means they are made of many cells. Multicellular organisms have many more levels of organization to make sure the whole body can work correctly, even when it is doing many things at the same time. 1. **Prokaryotes** are single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei 2. **Eukaryotes** do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound 2. **TISSUES** 1. Epithelia, 2. Muscle, 3. Connective, 4. and Nerve. 3. **ORGANS -** are made up of **different tissues** that work together to perform a specific function in the body. - **HEART-** pumping organ of the body. - **LIVER-** detoxification, synthesis and storage. Recovers and eliminates many toxins. - **Kidney-** remove waste products and excess fluid from the body. - **Lungs-** role is to bring in air from the atmosphere and pass oxygen into the bloodstream (exchange of gases). - **Brain-**is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. - **Stomach -** temporary storage for food, mixing and breakdown of food and digestion of food - **Skin --** the largest organ in the human body, acting as a protective barrier against the outside world. - **Bones** -- are the hard, rigid structures that make up our skeleton, providing support, protection and allowing movement. - **Bladder** - acts as a reservoir for urine. - **Intestines** - The long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion - **Muscles** - a body tissue consisting of long cells that can contract and produce motion 4. **ORGAN SYSTEMS -** is a group of organs working together to perform a major bodily function. - Human organ systems include: - circulatory, - reproductive, - digestive, - nervous, - respiratory. - Plant organ system: - **Cardiovascular / circulatory** transports nutrients and wastes - **Respiratory** exchanges gases - **Immune** protects against infection - **Digestive** breaks down and absorbs food - **Endocrine** regulates metabolism and produces hormones maintains homeostasis - **Reproductive-** produces gametes Egg / sperm - **Excretory** filters wastes - **Nervous** receives stimuli and responds - **Skeletal System-** Framework of the body **Muscular System Functions** 1. Produce movement 2. Maintain posture 3. Stabilize joints 4. Generate heat 5. Move subtances (fluid, food, etc) - **Circulatory System:** (heart, blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries) - **Digestive System:** (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder) - **Endocrine System:** (thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pancreas-endocrine function, ovaries, testes) - **Excretory System:** (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) - **Immune System:** (white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus) - **Integumentary System:** (skin, hair, nails) - **Musculoskeletal System:** (muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments) - **Nervous System:** (brain, spinal cord, nerves) - **Reproductive System**: (ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, testes, epididymis, vas dererens, prostate gland, penis) - **Respiratory System:** (lungs, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm) 5. **Organisms -- is made of organ system that work together to keep it alive.** All cells, tissues, organs and organ systems working together makes an **[organism.]** 6. **Population --** groups of individuals of **same species** that live in the **same area.** 7. **Community --** groups of **different populations** that live together in a **defined area** 8. **Ecosystem --** groups of **all organisms** that **live in a particular place**, together with their non-living environment**.** 9. **Biome --** groups of ecosystems that have the **same climate** and **similar dominant communities.** 10. **Biosphere --** part of the Earth in which life exists including land, water, air and atmosphere**.**