Filipino Vernacular Architecture PDF

**FILIPINO VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Balai, house** | \- Called to their traditional | | | house | | |...

**FILIPINO VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Balai, house** | \- Called to their traditional | | | house | | | | | | \- Elevated; rectangular; one | | | room | | | | | | \- High-pitched roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cordillera** | \- Navigable river/tranversable | | | | | | Removable features: | | | | | | \- Wall panel & floor mats for | | | natural air ventilation | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ATAP, roof** | \- high-pointed roof; cogon | | | grass/ nipa leaves | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DINDIN, wallboards** | \- rectangular panels; covers the | | | upper part of the house | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **RIBAYAN, eaves** | \- lower end of the roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TAPI, floor beam** | \- attached to the floor joist & | | | outer post; | | | | | | \- supports the elevated floor | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LAWANG, drain gutter** | \- shallow drain canal; | | | cultivated canal | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TALAXATAG, wood floor** | \- fixed wooden floor | | | | | | \- attached to floor joist w/ | | | spacing twice the size | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BOBONG, roof ridge** | \- covers the space of the roof; | | | cogon grass; thick and layered | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SAKKAR, tie beam** | \- camber shaped; | | | | | | \- holds the roof beam (ampakan) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TOLDOG, floor joist** | \- hand-hewn rectangular lumber | | | | | | \- cove ends holds the flooring | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SIDUNG/LINUNG, basement** | \- unused space under the | | | elevated floor | | | | | | \- keep from dampness and | | | humidity | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ANADIXIYAN, girder** | \- rectangular member | | | | | | \- supports floor beams | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **RARAT, roof undersheating** | \- closely-knit dried reed grass; | | | | | | \- forms a mat | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TABUNGAN, gable opening** | \- smoke exhaust | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SOBA, breadth of the house** | \- overall width of the main | | | house | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SOTAN/LAMDAW, window** | \- where wallboards placed; | | | | | | \- exterior wall | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **AGDAN, ladder** | \- wooden/ bamboo | | | | | | \- to the main house/kitchen | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **GAWAYAN, interior of the | \- w/ raised to about 4'' floor | | house** | adjoining wall as a seat | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PADUROT,** | \- length of the house | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DAPUG, hearth** | \- has three stones or the | | | ***"taxang"*** | | | | | | 1. ***Paratag -** upper layer: | | | storing foods* | | | | | | 2. ***Paxa -** above pasalan: | | | storing of rice bundles to be | | | dried* | | | | | | 3. ***Pasalan -** woods& store | | | meat of wild boar* | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BANGA, cooking jar** | \- earthen pot | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ARANGAT, shelf** | \- Storing plates | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **AMOTO, Jar for holding water** | \- washing, cooking, drinking | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BALATAD, pathwalk** | \- made of stones; | | | | | | \- settlement to another | | | settement | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **IRAT, binding rafter** | \- horizatal member; wooden | | | branches | | | | | | \- tied under the rafter to | | | support it | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SOKAR, collar beam** | \- unites the beam rafters | | | | | | \- below the IRAT | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TALABAWAN, ridge beam** | \- apex of the roof; support | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PATUNA/PANTUD, king post** | \- joints tie & collar beam | | | | | | \- support for the roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TADAWAG/BADAY, rafter** | \- bent form; thin, pliable bord, | | | hand-hewn | | | | | | \- tied to ridge & AMPAKAN | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ADIXI, outer post** | \- twice the length of the inner | | | post | | | | | | \- supports heavy roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SINIT, inner post** | \- sups. elevated roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DATAG/XASSARAN/ flooring** | \- bamboo rattan | | | | | | \- removable & washable | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **AMPAKAN, roof beam** | \- connects outer columns | | | | | | \- sups. roof's structural | | | framework | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **AGNADAN, wall still** | \- above AMPAKAN | | | | | | \- holds wallboards | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **AXERAN, girt** | \- rect. hor. member; perimeter | | | of the house; | | | | | | \- sups, wallboards& upper | | | roofing frameworks | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **BADJAO HOUSE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Southern Philippines** | \- above the coastal waters | | | | | | \- were living on their | | | **lepa-lepa boats** | | | | | | \- second largest ethnic group in | | | Sulu | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ORANG SELAT/ ORANG LAUT** | \- window-less; one-room | | | structure | | | | | | \- light materials | | | | | | \- buit separately/staggered | | | manner | | | | | | \- **jambatan** (footbridge) | | | | | | \- **taytayan** (catwalk) | | | | | | **- harunan** (ladder to the | | | water) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ATUP, roof** | \- thin layer thatch; | | | palm/coconut | | | | | | \- moderately inclined roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **UBONG, king post** | \- central post; at the portion | | | of the wall | | | | | | \- supports ridge beam | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **MADEYON, living space** | \- multi-use space | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DINGDING, wall** | \- window-less; individual thatch | | | panels vertically layered | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DAGAN, floor joist/girder** | \- stabilizes post | | | | | | \- support for the MADEYON | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HAG, post** | \- piece of wood/ thick bamboo | | | | | | \- buried 0.60M below the sea | | | bed; | | | | | | \- half meter extended to the | | | water line | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BATANG BUBUNGAN, roof ridge | \- apex of the roof | | beam** | | | | \- sups rafters & roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LUBING-LUBING, rafter** | \- above the tie beam & ridge | | | beam | | | | | | \- support roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PALIMSA-AN, tie beam** | \- top portion of the ding-ding | | | | | | \- sups rafter | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LANTAY, floor** | \- bamboo (small strips) closely | | | laid above the DAGAN | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HARUNAN, ladder** | \- thick piece of lumber; carved | | | with conical shape | | | | | | \- secure to the DAGAN | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **BAHAY KUBO** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Pre-Hispanic Philippines** | \- lowland & coastal areas | | | | | | \- one-room structure; cubed | | | shaped | | | | | | \- **"Bahay"** - house & | | | **"Kubo"**- cube | | | | | | \- elevated: dampness & humidity | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **3 Horizontal Divisions** | 1. Stilts/posts - covered with | | | bamboo lattice work; serves | | | as storage area and | | | livestocks. | | | | | | 2. One room upper living unit | | | | | | 3. Steep roof - bamboo cogon, | | | nipa shingles, anahaw leaves | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Structural Framework** | 1. Floors - Bamboo Strips | | | | | | 2. Roof - Palm leaves | | | | | | 3. Bamboo strips/ palm leaves | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SIBI, eaves** | \- extends beyond the wall | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PASIBI, lean to the roof** | \- extended to the gable; single | | | slope | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BALANGKAS, framework** | \- skeletal/ structural element | | | of roof/wall | | | | | | \- supports the roof materials | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BANGUERAHAN, kitchen counter** | \- bamboo | | | | | | \- storing food & utensils | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BATALAN, washing area** | \- small space adjacent to the | | | cooking area w/ service door | | | | | | \- washing dishes, kids (hands & | | | feet) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ABUHAN, cooking area** | \- elevated earthen space | | | | | | \- open shelves: firewood & | | | smoking fish | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SAGANG, railing** | \- porch area w/ railings | | | (bamboo) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BULWAGAN, main house** | \- living, dining, sleeping area | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HAGDAN, stair** | \- access to the house; | | | bamboo/wood | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SILONG, underneath the house** | \- avoid dampness and humidity | | | | | | \- storing harvest, tending | | | livestocks | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BUBONG, roof** | \- steep thatch roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **NIPA** | \- "nypa fruiticans" | | | | | | \- tropical palm, short trunk, | | | broad pinnate leaves | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SAHIG, flooring** | \- bamboo strips | | | | | | \- perpendicular to the SOLERAS | | | | | | \- ample spaces for air | | | ventilation | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DINGDING, wall** | \- rattan strips; wall sliding | | | | | | 1. Bamboo latticework | | | (sala-sala) | | | | | | 2. Interlaced bamboo (amakan) | | | | | | 3. Woven bamboo (sawali) | | | | | | 4. Wooden coconut leaves | | | (sulirap) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **YAWII, main beam** | \- whole bamboo; perimeter of the | | | house | | | | | | \- tied w/ rattan strips | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HALIGI, main post** | \- whole bamboo; (binaun) and | | | pinatong | | | | | | \- sups roof & floor members | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PATUKURAN, secondary beam** | \- laid out the main beam (yawi); | | | | | | \- carry the floor joists | | | (soleras) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SOLERAS, floor joist** | \- whole bamboo; parallel | | | | | | \- spaces: 12-15 inch over the | | | PATUKURAN | | | | | | \- sups flooring | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **GILILAN, floor sill** | \- whole bamboo | | | | | | \- perimeter of the house | | | | | | \- sups walls | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **BONTOC HOUSE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Bontoc, Main Province** | \- Only type of house in | | | Cordillera built on the ground | | | | | | \- for married couples and | | | children up to 8 yrs old. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Afung, house** | \- wooden walls | | | | | | \- open living spaces & central | | | granaries | | | | | | \- main living & working areas | | | | | | \- steep thick roof (almost | | | covering the entire wall) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BABAKEY, Village** | 1. ***Ator -*** men's meeting | | | house | | | | | | 2. ***Afong -*** houses | | | | | | 3. ***Pabafunan -*** boy's | | | dormitory | | | | | | 4. ***Pangis -*** girl's | | | dormitory | | | | | | 5. ***Chap-ay -*** open space w/ | | | circular flat stone | | | | | | 6. ***Akhamang -*** rice granary | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **STEEP ROOF** | \- cogon grass (abundant near the | | | village) | | | | | | \- extends beyond the walls | | | | | | \- lower than a bondoc human | | | | | | \- main house | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **FALIG, granary** | \- supported by 4 wooden posts | | | (hand-hewn) | | | | | | \- stores rice grains | | | ***(falig)*** | | | | | | ***-*** elevated; one room | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LILIM, eating area** | \- elevated stick rack | | | ***(patyay);*** suspended on the | | | wall | | | | | | \- ***panamnom** (water jar)* | | | | | | 1. ***Khyag -*** rattan pales | | | | | | 2. ***Palato*** - enamel plates | | | | | | 3. ***Ungat -*** coconut | | | shells/wooden bowls | | | | | | 4. ***Tasa*** - enamel cus | | | | | | 5. ***Mallakong -*** enamel | | | bowls | | | | | | 6. ***Fanilag -*** rattan trays | | | | | | 7. ***Fanga -*** pots | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TAP-AN, pounding area** | \- stone pavement | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ANG-AN, sleeping area** | \- ***atag*** (reed mat); for | | | couples and childrens | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SOKLUT, cooking area** | \- left corner of the house; | | | | | | \- also fireplace | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ATEP, roof** | \- steep; protects granary | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **OWAY, roof undersheating** | \- closely-knit reeds | | | | | | \- grass foor | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **FOGSOR, rafter** | \- sups OWAY & ATEP | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **KAEW, floorboard** | \- for FALIG; thick, hand-hewn | | | planks | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TOKOD, post** | \- heavy, square/circular | | | | | | \- sups granary and roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TEYTEY, ladder** | \- wooden or branches; | | | | | | \- access to FALIG | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **CHINGCHING, wallboard** | \- horizontal primary wwall | | | | | | \- protection on the ground | | | living space | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **HOUSE, EARLY FORM** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LUNGIB/KUWEBA, cave** | \- earliest form of dwelling | | | (Tabon) | | | | | | \- 41M (L); 8M(H of | | | opening);16M(W) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BALANGAY, Boathouse** | \- 320 AD; seafaring by the | | | ancient kingdom of Butuan | | | | | | \- wood: 25M (L) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PINANAHANG, lean-to** | \- Negritos (wanderers, hunters, | | | farmers); or the slash and burn | | | agriculture | | | | | | \- Hispanic Period | | | | | | \- Single-pitched (grass cogon) | | | | | | \- resting on the ground | | | supported by wooden posts | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TREE HOUSE** | \- single room | | | | | | \- light materials | | | | | | \- built on high trees | | | (treestumps) | | | | | | 1. Luzon (Gaddang & Kalinga) | | | | | | 2. Mindanao (Manobos & Mandaya) | | | | | | 3. Mandaya, Bilaan, & Ilongot | | | | | | 4. Bukidnon & N. central | | | Mindanao | | | | | | 5. Bagobo (Davao) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **IFUGAO HOUSE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BALE/FALE, house** | \- elevated; square; windowless | | | | | | \- roof: high, heavy, pyramidal | | | | | | \- covered wall; only exposes the | | | supporting posts | | | | | | \- hand-hewn timber | | | | | | \- mortised w/out nails | | | | | | \- dissamble/attach | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HAGIBI, bench** | \- symbol of social status | | | | | | \- cost and its ceremonies | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **ATOP, roof** | \- steep, pyramidal roof; cogon | | | grass | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **GAOB, wallboard** | \- 1/2 inches thick; varied H&W | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TUKUD, post** | \- round logs; 8-12 inches wide | | | | | | \- 6-10 ft (L) | | | | | | \- 2-3 (buried below) w/ stone | | | boulders around | | | | | | \- doesn't support the roof & | | | floor together | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PALAN, attic** | \- 3^rd^ level of the house | | | | | | \- reed mat flooring | | | | | | \- storage for rice grains | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PATYIE, shelf** | \- fitting rectagular wood boards | | | | | | \- wall header to the roof | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **MUNDATU, male side** | \- spacious space for the head of | | | the family | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PUNCHALAN, fireplace** | \- 3-5 sq. ft. | | | | | | \- w/ shelf for drying firewood | | | | | | \- stacks of rice; preserving | | | food | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **NA-ULYA, female side** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PANTO, door** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TETEH, ladder** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **AMBUBULAN, square box** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **WANAN, purlins** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BUGHOL, rafter** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DOTAL, floorboard** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **MUNDILIG, outer end floor | | | joists** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **KULING, girder** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TAKNANG, king post** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PUMPITOLAN, central beam** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BAGAT, upper column** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LIUB, girt** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HUKBLUB, tranverse beam** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **GAWAAN, central floor joist** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **POGNAD, stone foundation** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **IFUGAO RICE TERRACES, ZONING & PARTS** --------------------------------------------------- -- **BABLE, village** **ALANG, granary** **INALAHAN, public forest** **HINAOB, forest adopted by terrace communities** **UMA/KAINGIN, swidden farm** **PAYO, stonewalled terrace pond-field** **LATANGAN, residential area** **BAWANG, enclosed pond-field surface** **TAU, fish sump** **PUMPUNDUNGAN, property marker** **INADO, vegetable mulch mounds** **BANONG, dike/pond-field rim** **TOPENG, stone retaining wall** **PAYO, stonewalled terrace pond-field** **LOBONG, water** **GUHENG, spillway** **LUYO, worked pond-field soil** **HAGUNTAL, hard earth fill** **ADOG, rough gravel fill** **GONAD, foundation stone** **'AHBUBUL, submerged water source** **ANUL, drainage conduit** **GANGAL, course fill/small stones** **ALDOH, second-course walling stone** **DOPLAH, bedrock/original valley-floor earth** --------------------------------------------------- -- **IVATAN THATCH HOUSE** ------------------------------- -- **KAMADID** **RAHAUNG** **JINJIN, thatch house** **PAKAW, rafter** **SAKONG, ridge cover** **VUVONG, lower ridge cover** **SUPIT, reed mat tie** **PANGAÑIVUCAN, roof beam** **TUKAH, tie beam** **PANINJINAN, wall stud** **PAREY, corner post** **PASUNEN, king posts** **JINJIN, cogon wall** **SAPAWAN, ridge beam** ------------------------------- -- **KALINGA HOUSE** ---------------------------------- -- **FORUY, house** **TALOB, roof** **AGAKAN, secondary ridge beam** **SAWANG, door** **INA, main interior post** **TUKUD, external post** **BATANGAN, tie beam** **DAIPONG, stove** **SIPI, elevated flooring** **LUTUD, floor joist** **MANUKDON SALAKAD, rafter** **SAGPATAN, shelf** **DATTAGON, upper floor** **BAN-OGA SAWANG, window** **SOGWAS/DOLA, basement** **SINGIT-TUKOD, stone peg** **PUDIS, floor beam** **PATANG, girder** **MAMALBAG SALAKAD, purlin** **ANGATTIGAN, king post** **TUNGLOB, gable wall** **BUBONG, ridge cover** **BINUKOL, primary ridge beam** **DABI, wallboard** **ALISOT, bamboo siding** ---------------------------------- -- ---------------------------------------- -- **BINAYON/FINARYON, house** **PANABFONGAN, ridge beam** **TA'RAY, vertical roof support** **PONGO, bent rafter** **ATI-ATIG, horizontal roof support** **PARATOK, upper column** **FATANGAN, tie beam** **OKONG, upper floor wallboards** **PISIPIS, sill and roof beam** **TATANGON, floor mat** **CHOSAR, fixed wooden floor** **SOLING, girder** **FUCHIS, beam** **FOT-ANG, floor joist** **TUOD, post** **CHINGCHING, lower floor wallboards** ---------------------------------------- -- **KANKANAY & IBALOI HOUSE** -------------------------------------- -- **BAEY/BAYBAYAN, house** **SAPDITAN, binding rafter** **KALASOD, queen post** **SHA'TAL, floor board** **TOKOD, posts** **BAEY, ceiling** **BUBUNG, roof ridge** **ATEP, roof** **SAGAANG, shelf** **PANANUMAN, water container** **BANGA, cooking jar** **TOKDOAN, bench** **BALANGSAG, bench under the house** **PANGTEW, door** **DET-A, floor** **ABEK, mat** **TETEY, wood ladder** **SAKIATAN, stone stair** **TOROK, undersheating** **DAGAT, rafter** **TICKEL, flared-out rafter** **BALKES, horizontal stud** **DINGDING, wallboards** **BALLANGAN, girder** **SAGPAD, floor joist** **OPOP, wall sill** **SEDNGAL, inclined support** **GOANAN, roof beam** **ANAYASAN, tie beam** -------------------------------------- -- **SAGADA HOUSE** -------------------------------- -- **TINOKBOB, house** **ATEP, roof** **AGAMANG, central granary** **AGDAN, ladder** **DAPOAN, cooking area** **KAMALIG, storage space** **SEGPAN, doorway** **LOMENG, pig pen** **DINGDING, upperwall** **BOGSO, rafter** **KILING, girder** **PAMOBBONGAN, ridge beam** **TODOG, roof underseheating** **KAMMANGA, wall sill** **DESA, floor joists** **TOKOD, posts** **DINGDING, wall** **PITIT, beam** -------------------------------- -- **SAMAL HOUSE** ------------------------------- -- **BUBONG, roof** **TUKALOG, stud** **PANG-TUUD, king post** **HABONG, tie beam** **HANGLAD, girder** **TAYTAYAN-TIKUS, roof beam** **SALSAL, joist** ------------------------------- -- **TAUSUG HOUSE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BAY SINUG, house** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TAUGSUG, SULUK** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LUBING-LUBING, rafter** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TIYADTAD, split bamboo wall** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HAG, post** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **BATANG-BUBUNGAN, ridge beam** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PUSAL, king post** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **KASAW, purlins** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **UBUBG, tie beam** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LIUG, central post** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **HANGLAD, roof beam** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TAJUK PASUKNG** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PANTAN, open space** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **LAWANG, door** | | | | | | **DAGTONG, bamboo water | | | containers** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **PANG GONG, receiving area** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **GIBAYAN, main house** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **YAKAN HOUSE** --------------------------- -- **LUMAH, house** **SALILIHAN, rafter** **KULUNG, hip rafter** **BUBONG, roof ridge** **KASAW, purlin** **PAMATUK, wall post** **SALAT, tie beam** **GAWANG, door** **SAMPAYAN, roof beam** **DING-DING,wall** **TANDIWAN, window** **PAGNUTIH, floor joist** **HARREN, ladder** **ULUM, post** **BABAG, girder** 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