Respiratory-System.pdf

Why is it important for us to understand how our body works? The Human Breathing System Review: What is the primary function of the Respiratory system? Respiratory System Th Allows gas exchange (respiration) – gets oxygen into the body and removes CO2 from the b...

Why is it important for us to understand how our body works? The Human Breathing System Review: What is the primary function of the Respiratory system? Respiratory System Th Allows gas exchange (respiration) – gets oxygen into the body and removes CO2 from the body. What are the parts of the Respiratory system involve in doing its primary function? Use the word bank to label the diagram. The Respiratory System Word Bank Lung pharynx Nose larynx Alveoli Diaphragm Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles  The human respiratory system pharynx Nose & nasal cavity larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Lung Alveoli Diaphragm Nose & nasal cavity: Air enters the nostrils, is filtered by hairs, warmed, moistened, and sampled for odors as it flows through a maze of nasal passages. Nose: Air enters the nostrils, is filtered by hairs, warmed, moistened, and sampled for odors as it flows through a maze of nasal passages. Pharynx (Throat): Intersection where pathway for air and food cross. Most of the time, the pathway for air is open, except when we swallow. Nose: Air enters the nostrils, is filtered by hairs, warmed, moistened, and sampled for odors as it flows through a maze of nasal passages. Pharynx (Throat): Intersection where pathway for air and food cross. Most of the time, the pathway for air is open, except when we swallow. Larynx (Voice Box): contains vocal cords, which allow us to make sounds by voluntarily tensing muscles. More prominent in males (Adam’s apple). Nose: Air enters the nostrils, is filtered by hairs, warmed, moistened, and sampled for odors as it flows through a maze of nasal passages. Pharynx (Throat): Intersection where pathway for air and food cross. Most of the time, the pathway for air is open, except when we swallow. Larynx (Voice Box): contains vocal cords, which allow us to make sounds by voluntarily tensing muscles. More prominent in males (Adam’s apple). Trachea (Windpipe): Rings of cartilage maintain shape of trachea, to prevent it from closing. Forks into two bronchi. Nose: Bronchi (Sing. Bronchus): Air enters the nostrils, is filtered by hairs, Each bronchus leads into a lung and branches warmed, moistened, and sampled for odors as into smaller and smaller bronchioles, it flows through a maze of nasal passages. resembling an inverted tree. Pharynx (Throat): Intersection where pathway for air and food cross. Most of the time, the pathway for air is open, except when we swallow. Larynx (Voice Box): contains vocal cords, which allow us to make sounds by voluntarily tensing muscles. More prominent in males (Adam’s apple). Trachea (Windpipe): Rings of cartilage maintain shape of trachea, to prevent it from closing. Forks into two bronchi. Nose: Bronchi (Sing. Bronchus): Air enters the nostrils, is filtered by hairs, Each bronchus leads into a lung and branches warmed, moistened, and sampled for odors as into smaller and smaller bronchioles, it flows through a maze of nasal passages. resembling an inverted tree. Pharynx (Throat): Bronchioles: Intersection where pathway for air and food Fine tubes that allow passage of air. The lining cross. Most of the time, the pathway for air is of bronchioles is covered with cilia and mucus open, except when we swallow. to trap and remove dust and other particles. Larynx (Voice Box): contains vocal cords, which allow us to make sounds by voluntarily tensing muscles. More prominent in males (Adam’s apple). Trachea (Windpipe): Rings of cartilage maintain shape of trachea, to prevent it from closing. Forks into two bronchi. Nose: Bronchi (Sing. Bronchus): Air enters the nostrils, is filtered by hairs, Each bronchus leads into a lung and branches warmed, moistened, and sampled for odors as into smaller and smaller bronchioles, it flows through a maze of nasal passages. resembling an inverted tree. Pharynx (Throat): Bronchioles: Intersection where pathway for air and food Fine tubes that allow passage of air. The lining cross. Most of the time, the pathway for air is of bronchioles is covered with cilia and mucus open, except when we swallow. to trap and remove dust and other particles. Larynx (Voice Box): Alveoli: contains vocal cords, which allow us to make air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas sounds by voluntarily tensing muscles. exchange takes place. More prominent in males (Adam’s apple). Lungs are made of alveoli. Trachea (Windpipe): Rings of cartilage maintain shape of trachea, to prevent it from closing. Forks into two bronchi. Why are these organs collectively called a system? What do these organs achieve by working together? Why is air important to us? Day 2 How does the Respiratory system work in taking in and out of air?  Two Phases of Respiration (Gas Exchange) 1. Internal respiration – exchange of gases between the blood and the body tissues. 2. External respiration – exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood. This involves the lungs. Breathing is a mechanical process that helps get air into and out of the lungs. It consists of two stages: inspiration – intake of air and expiration – breathing out of air. What is a diaphragm? - A large flat muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity - Primary muscle used in respiration What is a diaphragm? - A large flat muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity - Primary muscle used in respiration Mechanism of breathing - Carbon dioxide level in the blood stimulates breathing - When the concentration of carbon dioxide reaches a higher than normal level, the breathing centre of the brain is stimulated and a signal is conveyed to the diaphragm, which contracts (moves down). - The ribs and the lungs are able to expand. - Air rushes in through the nose or mouth to fill the extra volume available in the lungs. - This whole process is called breathing in, inspiration or inhalation Mechanism of breathing - When the signal from the breathing centre of the brain stops, the diaphragm relaxes and the rib cage is moved down and inward. - The volume of the chest cavity is reduced and air is forced out of the lungs. - This is called breathing out, exhalation or expiration. Inhalation (inspiration) (i) The diaphragm muscle contracts and moves down. (ii) The external intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage upwards and outwards. (iii) Therefore the volume of the thorax increases (and so the lung expands). (iv) This decreases the air pressure in the alveoli, so (v) Air flows in to equalise the pressure. Exhalation (expiration) (i) The diaphragm muscles relax, allowing the diaphragm to return to its curved shape. (ii) The internal intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs downwards. (iii) Therefore, the volume of the thorax decreases (and so the lung contract and get smaller) (iv) This increases the air pressure in the alveoli, so. (v) Air flows out to equalise the pressure. CHANGES ON THE COMPOSITION OF BREATHED AIR Gaseous exchange - takes place in the lungs and in the cells of the body. - The structure of the lung is adapted to fulfil the function of gaseous exchange. - alveoli look like small grape-like structures made up of many individual air sacs. - A big network of capillaries surrounds each alveolus. What is the common thing between the astronaut and the deep sea diver? Astronaut Deep Sea Diver Both the astronaut and diver are experiencing change in air pressure, and it’s hard for them to breathe. They need oxygen tank as source of air ( oxygen).