Respiratory System Anatomy BMS LAB.pdf

Respiratory System Anatomy Respiratory System includes Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi and Lungs Func=on of respiratory system: Supply oxygen for individual =ssue cells, and remove CO₂ External Respira=on - Inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide - Ven=la=ng of the lungs -...

Respiratory System Anatomy Respiratory System includes Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi and Lungs Func=on of respiratory system: Supply oxygen for individual =ssue cells, and remove CO₂ External Respira=on - Inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide - Ven=la=ng of the lungs - Air exchange at alveoli /capillary interface Internal Respira=on (Cellular Respira=on) - Metabolic process by which living cells use blood flowing through the capillaries, absorb oxygen (O₂) and release the carbon dioxide (CO₂) Nose - Conchae passages lead pharynx - The pala=ne bones and maxilla separate the nasal cavi=es from the mouth cavity Connects to the sinuses - Cilia (hairs) line the mucous membrane Ears through the eustachian tubes Eyes to inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal ducts Func=ons of the nose: Air passageway, warms and moistens inhaled air. Its cilia and mucous membrane trap dust, pollen, bacteria, and foreign maQer. The nose contains olfactory receptors, which smell odors and aids in phona=on and quality of voice. Pharynx (correct term for throat): AKA throat. The pharynx is a muscular and membranous tube that is about 5 inches long, extending downward from the base of the skull. - It eventually becomes the esophagus. 7 openings into the pharynx Nasopharynx(4): It is found behind the nose. It has two openings from the eustachian tubes of the middle ear and two openings from the posterior nares of the nose. Oropharynx(2): It is found behind the mouth. One opening from the mouth and one from esophagus. Laryngopharynx(1): It is found behind the larynx. One opening is from the larynx. Pharynx Tissues Lympha=c =ssues: Pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids, pala=ne tonsils, and lingual tonsils. Func=ons of lympha=c =ssues: passageway of air, passageway for food, aids in phona=on by changing its shape. Larynx: aka voice box - Located at the upper end of the trachea, below the root of the tongue and hyoid bone - It is lined with mucous membrane - Contains vocal cords, which produce sound o Short, tense vocal cords produce high notes o Long, relaxed vocal cords produce low notes Anatomically associated structures-larynx - Thyroid car=lage or Adam’s apple. Usually larger in the male, allowing longer vocal cords and contribu=ng to a deeper male voice. - The epiglo\s covers the entrance of the larynx while swallowing, to avoid choking or aspira=on. - Cricoid car=lages contains the vocal cords. Trachea: AKA windpipe. Smooth, muscular tube leading from the larynx to the main bronchi. Trachea Bronchi - Lungs - Passageway of air to and from the lungs Lined with cilia (hairs) – sweep foreign maQer out of the pathway. 1 inch in diameter and 4 ½ inches long Two main branches at the boQom of the trachea, providing passageway for air to the lungs Divided into the right bronchus and the le` bronchus Divides further into the bronchial tree Smaller branches become bronchioles followed by smaller pathway called alveolar Two spongy organs located in the thorax. Consist of elas=c =ssue, filled with an interlacing network of tubes and sacs that carry air and blood vessels that carry blood. Each lung is divided into lobes Right lung into 3 lobes and the le` lung into 2 (lingula) The le` lung has an indenta=on called the cardiac depression for placement of the heart. At the end of each bronchiole are the alveoli The lungs contain about 300 million alveoli sacs – are the air cells where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place with the capillaries The base of the lungs rest on the diaphragm - muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal cavity Involved in respira=on, drawing downward in the chest during inhala=on, and pushing upward during exhala=on.