Research-PPT-Whats-inside-chapter-1 PDF

Identifying the Content of Chapter 1 Chapter 1 of a qualitative research study typically lays the foundation for the entire research project. In this chapter, readers are introduced to the research problem, the purpose of the study, and the significance of the research. The chapter...

Identifying the Content of Chapter 1 Chapter 1 of a qualitative research study typically lays the foundation for the entire research project. In this chapter, readers are introduced to the research problem, the purpose of the study, and the significance of the research. The chapter often begins with an explanation of the context or background of the issue being, studied, followed by a clear articulation of the research question or objectives. Chapter 1


1. The Abstract
2. Literature Review
3. Theoretical Background
4. Legal basis
5. Related Studies
6. The problem: Statement of the Problem
7. Statement of Hypothesis
8. Significance of the study
9. Scope and Limitations 10. Research Methodology
11. Research Design
12. Research environment
13. Research participants
14. Research Instrument
15. Research Procedure
16. Ethical Consideration
17. Statistical Treatment
18. Definition of Terms














 1.The abstract


Abstract - In qualitative research, the Abstract is a summary of the entire study. It typically concise provides an overview of key components, allowing readers to quickly understand the focus, scope, and the significance of the research. ABSTRACT

This study conducted at Lonoy Heroes Memorial High School (LHMHS) aimed to investigate the relationship between student involvement in school clubs and their academic performance. Employing a descriptive correlational design, the research quantified club participation and its influence on students’ academic performance, spanning various academic and non-academic clubs such as the School Publication, Supreme Secondary Learner Government (SSLG), Drum and Lyre Corps (DLC), and the Youth for Environment in Schools Organization (YES-O). Findings revealed a moderate positive correlation between active club involvement and enhanced academic performance, supported by statistical analysis yielding an r-value of 0.68 and a p-value less than 0.00001, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
The findings indicated that active participation in clubs such as the School Publication, SSLG, Drum and Lyre Corps, YES-O, Sports, and Music significantly fostered student involvement and contributed to a lively school atmosphere. Data showed that students involved in clubs typically achieved satisfactory to outstanding academic grades, suggesting a beneficial link between extracurricular activities and academic success. The results advocate for integrating extracurricular activities within the educational framework to foster academic excellence, recommending interest-aligned club participation for students, parental support and monitoring, and diverse club offerings by teachers and administrators. The study underscores the value of school clubs in promoting academic success and advocates for their strategic inclusion to enhance the holistic educational experience at LHMHS. Furthermore, the research suggests avenues for future exploration, emphasizing the need to delve into the impact of specific club types on academic performance and to incorporate qualitative methods for deeper insights into the dynamics between club involvement and academic achievement.
 2. Problem and its Scope – In qualitative research, the problem refers to the specific issue, phenomenon, or area of concern that the study aims to explore and understand in depth. This problem often complex and requires a detailed investigation into human experiences, behaviors, perceptions, or social phenomena.
scope The defines the boundaries of the study, including the specific aspects of the problem that will be examined, the context in which research is conducted.
The Problem and its scope

Education is not solely confined to the four walls of a classroom. It encompasses a holistic approach to nurturing students’ development, encompassing not only academic achievement but also personal growth, social skills, and the exploration of individual interests and talents. One avenue through which students can expand their horizons and enhance their educational experience is through participation in school clubs. School clubs provide students with an opportunity to engage in extracurricular activities that align with their passions and interests. These clubs cover a wide range of areas, such as arts, sports, community service, and more. They offer a platform for students to pursue their hobbies, develop leadership skills, build social connections, and contribute positively to their school community.
However, involvement in such clubs may pose challenges to students’ time management, potentially leading to negative consequences on their academic performance and overall well- being. Joining the school club will make the students in LHMHS to have a hard time management because they lost focus on their priorities on those clubs. School clubs typically require regular meetings, workshops, and sometimes even competitions or events that are being held at the school. These commitments can take up a significant portion of a student’s time, especially when combined with their regular academic workload, assignments, and studying. Also, Pérez-Felkner et al. (2017) stated that while participating in school.  3. Literature Review- Review of related Literature refers to the studies, inquiries, investigation, and research work undertaken by other researchers nline with the f ie ld of study that your research r o b l e m m a y b e c l a s s i f ie d i n t o.
Related Literature

The National Association of Secondary School Principals (2023) defines school clubs as “student- led organizations that provide opportunities for students to explore their interests and develop new skills outside of the regular academic curriculum.” Similarly, the National Education Association (2023) describes school clubs as “voluntary, student-led groups that meet regularly to pursue shared interests, hobbies, or goals under the guidance of a faculty advisor.”
There are many kinds of clubs being offered in every school, one of these is the Academic Clubs. These clubs focus on specific academic subjects such as math, science, literature, history, debate, or language clubs. They provide opportunities for students to engage in academic competitions, discussions, and explore their interests in these areas (College Board, 2023). Also, Performing Arts Clubs might be offered in school, these clubs include theater, choir, dance, and music clubs where students can express their creativity and develop their artistic skills. Students can participate in productions, performances, and competitions (Smith, 2020).
Another is Sports Clubs, which provide a platform for members to engage in various sports, such as football, basketball, tennis, or swimming, and often offer facilities, coaching, and opportunities for friendly competition. Sports clubs play a vital role in promoting physical fitness, team spirit, skill development, and fostering a sense of community among sports enthusiasts (Kokko et al., 2016). 4. Theoritical Background - in qualitative research, the theoretical background refers to the set of theories, concepts, or frameworks that underpin and guide the study. It provides a foundation for understanding the research problem and helps to frame how the researchers approaches data collection, analysis, and interpretation.  Theoritical Background


This study is anchored bythe Social Network Theory by Mark Granovetter (1973) which emphasizes the importance of social connections and networks in providing individuals with access to resources, information, and opportunities. By participating in school clubs, students can build social networks with peers, teachers, and other individuals who can potentially provide academic support, guidance, and motivation. Also, the theory suggests that social networks facilitate the flow of information. Being involved in school clubs allows students to exchange knowledge, skills, and experiences with others who share similar interests.
Moreover, Social Network Theory recognizes the power of peer influence in shaping individuals’ behaviors and attitudes. Students’ involvement in school clubs exposes them to role models, peers with similar aspirations, and positive academic norms. In addition, Granovetter’s theory acknowledges the importance of social support and motivation in individuals’ pursuit of goals. 5.Legal Bases – In legal basis it refers to the legal ethical standards that governed the conduct of the research.


Legal basis- This study was supported by the republic Act 7077 otherwise known as the Philippine reservist Act was enacted into law on june 27, 1991. The pertinent provisions of R.A. 7077 are section 38 Reserve Officer Training Corp. (ROTC)  6. The problem Statement of the Problem –
In qualitative, research the statement of the problemis a clear, concise description of the issue or phenomenon that the research seeks to explore or understand. foundation for the entire Its serves as the tudy highlighting the need for research, explaining why the issue is important, and setting the stage for the research questions and objectives Statement of the Problem


The study explored the relationship between students’ involvement in different school clubs and their academic performance. By examining the relationship, the study provided valuable insights into the potential impact of school club involvement on students’ academic success at LHMHS.
Specifically, this study answered the following questions:


1.What is the level of school club involvement of the students?
2.What is the academic performance of the students?
3.Is there a significant relationship between the level of students’ involvement in school clubs and their academic performance?

7. Statement of Hypothesis – In qualitative research, a statement of hypothesis is generally not used in the same way as it is in quantitative research. Hypothesis are specific predictions that are often associated with quantitative studies only. where researchers aim to prove or disprove something using numerical data. 8. Significance of the Study- In a qualitative study, the significance of the study explains why the research is important and what value it brings to the field or to specific stakeholders. It outlines the impact and relevance of the studys findings demonstrating how the research contributes to existing knowledge, addresses gaps, or has practical applications. Significance of the Study

The study of school club involvement and students’ academic performance in LHMHS was significant to the following beneficiaries:
Students. This study provided students with valuable insights, enabling them to make informed decisions, set meaningful goals, recognize the value of transferable skills, and maximize the benefits derived from their club participation.
Parents and Guardians. They gained insights into the positive impact of club involvement on their child’s academic performance. This knowledge helped them make informed decisions when encouraging their child to join clubs and extracurricular activities. Additionally, parents witnessed the growth and development of their children’s social and emotional skills, which contributed to their overall well-being.
Teachers and School Administrators. This study provided valuable information to the teachers and school administrators to understand how clubs complemented and supported students’ academic journey. It helped the teachers identify effective strategies to encourage club participation, integrate club activities with the curriculum, and create a supportive environment that nurtured both academic and extracurricular success. 9. Scope and Limitations- The scope and limitation of a qualitative research outlines the specific aspects of the research problem that will be addressed. It sets the boundaries for the study, specifying what is just included and what is excluded. Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study was conducted solely inside the premises of Lonoy Heroes Memorial High School, limiting the generalizability of the findings to other schools or regions while focusing on the relationship of school club involvement in the 1st Semester of the S.Y. 2023-2024. It involved a sample of students from LHMHS, where the findings did not represent the entire student population.
Furthermore, the study considered a range of school clubs offered at LHMHS that were categorized into academic clubs such as the Filipino Club, English Club, Science Club, Math Club, AP Club, and TVL Club, and non-academic clubs such as the Sports Club, Arts Club, Dance or Performing Arts Club, Music Club including Choirs and Instruments, Host Masters Club, and Computer Enthusiasts Club. LHMHS also had various organizations such as the Supreme Secondary Learner Government (formerly known as Supreme Student Government or SSG), the Youth for Environment in Schools Organization (YES-O), School Publication (SP), and Drum and Lyre Corps (DLC); however, it did not include certain specialized or less common clubs due to availability or limited participation but rather it is only include the clubs that regularly conducts programs, projects, and activities, participates in meetings of a coordinating council, and undergoes monitoring and evaluation by a governing body. It primarily focused on the relationship of school club involvement on academic performance, without extensively considering external factors that influence academic achievements, such as parental involvement, study habits, or classroom dynamics. 10. Research Methodology – In qualitative research, research methodology refers to the overall strategy and specific methods employed to collect, analyze, and interpret non numerical data, with the goal of gaining a deeper understanding of a study or phenomena.


Data collection Methods: Interviews, conducting in depth semi structured or unstructured interviews to gather detailed personal insights and experiences from participants. 11. Research Design – In qualitative design, it refers to the overall plan or strategy for conducting the study. It outlines how the research will be carried out to achieve its objective and provides a framework for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting qualitative data. Research Design

The researchers utilized a descriptive correlational approach to examine the impact of school club involvement on students’ academic performance. The descriptive approach enabled the researchers to determine the level of engagement of the student in the club and their academic performance. On the other hand, the correlational approach enabled the researchers to examine the relationship between the students’ level of school club involvement and their grade point average.
12.Research environment – In qualitative research environment it refers to the setting or context in which the study is conducted. It compasses the physical, social, and cultural conditions that influence how data is collected, how participants interact with the researchers and how the data are interpreted.  Research Environment

The study was conducted inside the premises of Lonoy Heroes Memorial High School in Lonoy, Jagna, Bohol. LHMHS is a public secondary school offering SHS programs in academic and technical- vocational-livelihood tracks. The school also offered school clubs that were categorized into academic clubs such as the Filipino Club, English Club, Science Club, Math Club, AP Club, and TVL Club, and non- academic clubs such as the Sports Club, Arts Club, Dance or Performing Arts Club, Music Club including Choirs and Instruments, Host Masters Club, and Computer Enthusiasts Club. LHMHS also had various organizations such as the Supreme Secondary Learner Government (formerly known as Supreme Student Government or SSG), the Youth for Environment in Schools Organization (YES-O), School Publication (SP), and Drum and Lyre Corps (DLC). 13.Research Participants-
In qualitative research, research participants are the individuals who provides the data and insights that form the basis of the study. They are selected to offer detailed in depth information about the phenomenon being studied, based on their personal experiences, perspectives, and knowledge. Research Participants

The students that were currently enrolled in S.Y. 2023-2024 at LHMHS and involved in various school clubs were included in this study. The sample was selected using cluster random sampling. It meant that the students were divided into groups based on their club membership, and then randomly chosen from each group. The study also used Slovin’s formula to determine the appropriate sample size for the study.
Table 1 presents an analysis of the school club affiliations among the respondents, revealing a diverse range of extracurricular interests within the school community.
14. Research Instruments- In qualitative research, research instruments are the tools and techniques used to collect data from participants, Unlike in quantitative research, which often relies on structured instruments like surveys and questionnaires with fixed responses, qualitative research instruments are designed to gather in depth context rich data through flexible open ended methods. Research Instrument
The study utilized a standardized survey questionnaire from Fredericks et al. (2004), Kuh, et al. (2010), Shulman (2005), Astin (1984); McGregory (2023), and Kulkarni & Kumbhar (2022) that measured the level of involvement of students in various school clubs and their academic performance. The questionnaire consisted of three sections. The first section asked for the demographic information of the respondents, such as their name and the club or organization they belonged to. The second section contained 10 items that assessed the frequency of participating in school club activities. Each item was rated on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (never ), 2 (rarely), 3 (sometimes), 4 (often), to 5 (always). The third section also contained 10 statements to assess the academic performance of the students, rated on a five- point Likert Scale, ranging from 1 (none at all), 2 (small extent), 3 (moderate extent), 4 (great extent), to 5 (very great extent). The questionnaire was designed to be simple, clear, and concise, aiming to avoid leading or biased questions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were ensured by using a standardized questionnaire.

15. Research procedure – A research Procedure refers to the systematic process followed to conduct a research study.
Research Procedure

The researchers obtained permission and approval from the school principal to conduct the survey. They conducted an orientation and distributed the informed consent form to the respondents. The researchers also distributed the survey questionnaires to the selected respondents who submitted their informed consent form during their free hours, with the assistance of their advisers. The respondents were instructed to answer the questionnaire honestly and independently, and to return it to the researchers after completion. The researchers collected the completed questionnaires and checked them for completeness and consistency. The data from the questionnaires were encoded and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, such as weighted mean and Pearson r. The results of the data analysis were presented in tables and graphs, and interpreted in relation to the objectives and hypotheses of the study.

16.Ethical consideration – Ethical Consideration refers to the moral principles and standards that guide the conduct of a research, ensuring that it is conducted responsibly and with respect for participants. key ethical considerations include:
1. Informed Consent
2. Confidentiality
3.Respect for Participants
4.Voluntary participation
5.Ethical Approval
Ethical consideration


Ethical approval was sought from the relevant institutional review board before conducting the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the respondents, ensuring confidentiality, voluntary participation, and the right to withdraw at any time without consequences. Respondents’ identities were anonymized in all research outputs to ensure confidentiality and privacy 17. Statistical treatment- In qualitative research, statistical treatment is less common because qualitative research focuses on understanding and interpreting non numerical data such as tetxt interviews, or observations. However when a qualitative data is analyzed using some form of quantitative methods it is often referred to as quantitative treatment or quantitative analysis of qualitative data. 15.Definitions of terms- In qualitative research the definition of terms section provides clear explanations of key concepts and terms used in the study. This section is crucial for ensuring that readers understand the specific meanings and context of terms as they used in research. 18.Definition of Terms


For the better understanding of this study, the following terms were defined in the context of this research:

Academic Performance

It refers to the measurable outcomes based on the indicators provided using a Likert scale.
School Club Involvement

It is the extent to which students actively participate in and engage with school clubs. It includes metrics such as the frequency of attendance at club meetings, the duration of involvement in clubs over a specific period of time, and the level of active engagement in club activities. School club involvement may also encompass the level of contribution to club projects, leadership roles assumed within the club, participation in club events and competitions, and collaboration with other club members.