Practical Research 1 Notes PDF

SCHOOL OF THE HOLY SPIRIT OF QUEZON CITY F. Sotto St. BF Homes, Quezon City Senior High School Department SY 2024 - 2025 Pract...

SCHOOL OF THE HOLY SPIRIT OF QUEZON CITY F. Sotto St. BF Homes, Quezon City Senior High School Department SY 2024 - 2025 Practical Research 1 Research Research refers to a careful, systematic, and patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles. Etymology: Old French “recerchier” “re” - again, anew or over again and "search" - examining closely and carefully, testing, trying, probing or studying thoroughly It is a process that involves reading and writing skills. Writing a research paper is like writing any other academic paper, with the difference that you are bringing into your essay the words, ideas, and theories of others, often experts in that field of study. A systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena - Kerlinger, 1973 Systematic collection and interpretation of data to illuminate, describe, or explain new facts and relationships - Treece, 2002 Purposes of Research to describe a phenomenon - identify the characteristics, patterns, and trends, helping others to understand what it is and how it occurs to explore a phenomenon - investigate new or emerging areas of study to generate initial insights, hypotheses, or theories, paving the way for more in-depth studies to explain a prevailing situation - uncover the underlying reasons or causes to clarify why things happen as they do, leading to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon to predict and control actions and reactions - anticipate future outcomes based on current data and trends, helping in the development of strategies across various fields Importance of Research to foster optimum care for life - driving advancements in medicine, technology, and social sciences to validate and justify facts and information - building trust and ensuring that knowledge is accurate and applicable to aid in planning and decision-making - providing insights and enhancing the likelihood of success to improve the quality of life - addressing challenges and creating opportunities for growth and development Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research Similarities 1. Involve thorough investigation and inquiry; 2. Enhance our understanding of life’s issues and contribute to solving real-life problems; 3. Begin with identifying a problem and often lead to discovering new ones; 4. Utilize textual analysis and interpretation of data; and 5. Employ both inductive and deductive methods for data presentation. Differences Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Objective - Explores new ideas - Tests a theory or hypothesis - Understands individual experiences - Measures issues using ratings and scales Data - Based on natural settings - Based on measurements Description - Uses words, images, narratives - Uses numbers, tools, and calculations Sample (size) - Small, judgment-based samples - Large, representative samples Data - Flexible methods - Structured methods Gathering (e.g., interviews, open-ended questions) (e.g., surveys, closed-ended questions) Activities - Starts with observations, builds theory as - Starts with a hypothesis, tests existing research progresses theories from various angles Data - Based on personal opinions or - Based on laws, rules, or established Presentation observations principles Data - Thematic, influenced by the researcher’s - Statistical, follows standard criteria Analysis views Outcome - Promotes deep understanding, high validity - Supports developments, high replicability Qualitative Research promotes a deep, holistic understanding of a particular phenomenon. Characteristics of Qualitative Research 1. It provides an in-depth exploration of human experiences, often emphasizing the context or situation in an individual's life. 2. It involves interpreting data from words and visuals, such as pictures, videos, drawings, or graphs, to capture people's perspectives. 3. Data collection is active and dynamic, and it often requires adapting interview questions to gather diverse information in natural settings. 4. It offers various approaches and methods, allowing flexibility in planning the study. 5. It includes internal analysis, focusing on the subject's internal traits when examining data. The Qualitative Research Designs 1. Case Study - written over a long period as it studies a person or people or investigates a current phenomenon. “The Effects of the Flipped Classroom Teaching Style on the Motivation of Junior High School Students in Public High Schools” 2. Historical Analysis - examines past events to draw conclusions and make predictions. “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech” 3. Phenomenology - focuses on understanding and describing how individuals perceive and experience a particular phenomenon by capturing the essence of their lived experiences and how they make sense of their world “The Life of an Inmate in a Penitentiary” 4. Ethnography - observes, describes, documents, and analyzes the cultural beliefs, practices, and customs of a cultural group through participant observation, interviews, and photographs. This method minimizes researcher bias, uses little to no statistics, and emphasizes descriptive records and documents. “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the Indigenous Peoples in Mindanao” 5. Content/Discourse Analysis - studies and evaluates social life by narratively analyzing the modes of communication such as the content and the language of documents, letters, periodicals, reports, and other materials, and other verbal and non-verbal interactions. “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Communication” 6. Grounded Theory - discovers a new theory that is grounded in the data collected during the research process. Rather than starting with an assumption, the researcher collects and analyzes data, allowing patterns, themes, and concepts to emerge organically. “Exploring the Impact of Christian Migration from Visayas and Luzon to Mindanao” Reference List: Creswell, J. W. (2016). 30 Essential Skills for the Qualitative Researcher. London: SAGE Publications, Inc. Perfecto, M.G., Paterno M. and Pison R., (2015). The Anvil Guide to Research Paper Writing. Mandaluyong: Anvil Publishing Inc. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.