Reproductive System 301 Lecture Notes PDF

Presentation title Mirjam Nilsson Dr. Mostafa Mahran Lecturer of Anatomy and Embryology Anatomy department  + + Reproductive system 301 1st lecture  Parts of the male genital system 1- Scrotum 2- 2 testis 3- 2 epidi...

Presentation title Mirjam Nilsson Dr. Mostafa Mahran Lecturer of Anatomy and Embryology Anatomy department  + + Reproductive system 301 1st lecture  Parts of the male genital system 1- Scrotum 2- 2 testis 3- 2 epididymis 4- 2 vas deferens 5- 2 seminal vesicles 6- Prostate 7- Penis  The scrotum The scrotum is considered as outpouching of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It contains the testes, the epididymis and the lower ends of the spermatic cords. It is divided into two compartments by scrotal septum. The wall of the scrotum has the following layers: 1) Skin is heavily pigmented 2) Dartos fascia (fatty-free fascial layer) 3) Dartos smooth muscle fibers. The scrotum  The scrotum Nerve supply: Ilio-inguinal (L1) scrotal from perineal nerve perineal branch of posterior cutaneous of the thigh (both are S3) Arterial supply: Superficial and deep external pudendal (femoral artery) Posterior scrotal (from internal pudendal artery) Cremasteric (from inferior epigastric)  The spermatic cord It is a collection of structures that pass through the inguinal canal to and from the testes. The left cord is longer than the right. The coverings of the spermatic cord are: 1) External spermatic fascia→ derived from external oblique muscle 2) Cremasteric muscle and fascia → derived from the internal oblique muscle 3) Internal spermatic fascia→ derived from the fascia transversalis.  The spermatic cord The structures of the spermatic cord are: Vas deferens and artery of the vas ( inferior vesical artery) Testicular artery ( arises from abdominal aorta at level of L2) Pampiniform plexus of veins which is reduced to a single testicular vein ascend with the spermatic cord. The right testicular vein drains into the IVC while the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein Testicular lymph vessels Autonomic nerves forming testicular plexus remnants of processus vaginalis cremasteric artery genital branch of genitofemoral nerve to supply cremasteric muscle.  The spermatic cord Relations of the cord: Ilio-inguinal nerve below the cord in the inguinal canal The tendon of adductor longus behind the cord below the superficial inguinal ring The superficial external pudendal artery crosses in front of the cord at the superficial inguinal ring The deep external pudendal artery passes deep to the cord N.B. No spermatic cord in the female; the inguinal canal contains the round ligament of the uterus.  The Testis A firm mobile organ lying within the scrotum. The left testis is usually lower in level than the right. The upper pole of the gland is slightly tilted forward Each testis is surrounded by a tough fibrous tissue capsule termed tunica albuginea. The capsule sends fibrous septa dividing the testis into lobules; each lobule contains from 1-3 seminiferous tubules.  The Testis The tunica vaginalis covers the testis except posteriorly. The coverings of the spermatic cord; also surround the testis. Blood supply: Testicular artery arises from abdominal aorta at the level of L2 Pampiniform plexus of veins which is reduced to a single testicular vein ascend with the spermatic cord. The right testicular vein drains into the IVC while the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein  The Testis Lymph drainage: lumbar or paraaortic lymph nodes on the side of the aorta Nerve supply: the autonomic testicular plexus surrounding the testicular artery  The Epididymis The epididymis is highly coiled tube (20 feet), lying posterior to the testis, with the vas deferens is on its medial side. It has an expanded upper end termed head, followed by body and tail inferiorly. The sinus of the epididymis is a groove between the epididymis and lateral surface of the testis. The long length of the epididymis provides a storage space for the sperm and allows them to mature.  The Vas Deferens The vas deferens is a long muscular duct (45 cm) and it has a narrow lumen. Course: It arises from the tail of the epididymis. It passes through the inguinal canal. It emerges from the deep inguinal ring around the lateral margin of the inferior epigastric artery. in the lateral wall of the pelvis; it passes backward crossing the external iliac vessels, the obturator nerve and vessels; also crossing the ureter at the region of the ischial spine.  The Vas Deferens -At the posterior surface of the bladder the vas is dilated forming the ampulla of vas and then narrowed again to unite with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct. The artery of vas arises from the inferior vesical artery  Seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and bulbourethral glands The seminal vesicle : it lies at the posterior surface of the bladder between ureter at its upper end and vas at its medial side.  Seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and bulbourethral glands The ejaculatory duct: it is about 2 cm long. It pierces the posterior surface of the prostate and run on either side of its median lobe. It opens on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra.  Seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and bulbourethral glands The bulbo-urethral gland: A small rounded body on each side of the membranous urethra. It lies in the deep perineal pouch. Its duct is 3 cm long; pierces the perineal membrane to open into the penile urethra.