Risk Management for Tourism Crises and Disaster PDF

Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation 6 “Understanding Risk Management for Tourism Crises and Disaster” MS. AIRA MAE PAPA  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety,...

Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation 6 “Understanding Risk Management for Tourism Crises and Disaster” MS. AIRA MAE PAPA  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Risk Management for Tourism Crises and Disaster Understand government disaster management processes for communities Identify and examine issues of risk management Know what should be done to address risks.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation The aim of this chapter is to provide background on the formal government disaster management processes for communities and to identify and examine issues of risk management which are relevant to the tourism industry and tourism operators. Risk management is concerned with identifying and analyzing the risks (the chance of something happening) to an organization or community and deciding what can or should be done to address these risks. NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Risk Management Risk is the possibility of loss or injury (Merriam-Webster Dictionary n.d). In general, risk management involves: Recognition of the existence of the risk; Identification of the risks; Knowing the mitigation measures for each risk; and Having the risk management plan approved and disseminated to those concerned within the tour company.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Disaster Is defined as: ‘an event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive, which impacts with such severity that the affected community has to respond by taking exceptional measures’ (Carter, 1992). The World Health Organization’s definition of disaster is: ‘any occurrence that causes damage, economic disruption, loss of human life and deterioration in health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected area or community’.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Disaster 1. They have a significant impact upon people and their infrastructure and community resources; 2. They inevitably overwhelm the capacity of the community and the resources and 3. Facilities available for management of the immediate response, and they produce long-term problems of restoration and rehabilitation. Disaster and Tourism Community disaster management agencies are responsible for the implementation of disaster management plans and arrangements. Where possible, though, the tourism industry should participate in disaster planning and management activities through appropriate local, regional or national committees.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Crisis Management Crisis management is the identification of threats to an organization and its stakeholders, and the methods used by the organization to deal with these threats. Due to the unpredictability of global events, organizations must be able to cope with the potential for drastic changes in the way they conduct business. Crisis management often requires decisions to be made within a short time frame, and often after an event has already taken place. In order to reduce uncertainty in the event of a crisis, organizations often create a crisis management plan. Crisis - is any event that is going (or is expected) to lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community, or whole society. Crisis are deemed to be negative changes in the security, economic, political, societal, or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, it is a term meaning "a testing time" or an "emergency event".  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation The Role of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Risk Management 1. A partner with government and community agencies in the development of multi-agency, coordinated disaster management plans, systems, procedures and processes which include the needs of tourism; 2. To develop plans and procedures appropriate to a destination and to the specific roles and responsibilities of an organization, to train personnel to those plans, and to conduct regular tests of plans, procedures and personnel with subsequent amendment and updating.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation The development of effective plans and procedures in the disaster management; 1. regular inter-agency meetings, networking and liaison; 2. implementation of a disaster risk management process; 3. development of plans and procedures; 4. establishment and nurturing of partnerships; 5. community consultation; 6. effective communication; 7. training of personnel; 8. testing of plans, procedures and personnel through exercises (simulated disaster activities);  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Risk management plans for tourism should provide, as appropriate and as a minimum, for: 1. the safety of visitors and employees; 2. secure systems to communicate with all persons within the facility and within the destination; 3. security of buildings, facilities and equipment from the effects of the disaster; 4. contributing trained liaison personnel to the disaster management agencies during response and recovery operations, as required; 5. supplying resources to support response and recovery operations; and 6. procedures for return to normal business activities upon termination of the disaster operations.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation HAZARDS A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone. Basically, a hazard is the potential for harm or an adverse effect (for example, to people as health effects, to organizations as property or equipment losses, or to the environment). Sometimes the resulting harm is referred to as the hazard instead of the actual source of the hazard. For example, the disease tuberculosis (TB) might be called a "hazard" by some but, in general, the TB-causing bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) would be considered the "hazard" or "hazardous biological agent" of risk.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation SOURCES OF RISK Natural – cyclone, storm surge, flood, tsunami, earthquake, mudslide, volcanic eruption, etc. Technological – failure of technical systems relating to industrial sites, transportation, and infrastructure. Biological – spread of disease amongst people or animals, pests, and contamination. Civil/Political – sabotage, terrorism, hostage situation, etc.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation HAZARDS (SOURCES OF RISK) 1. The Human and Institutional Environment common delinquency (theft, pickpocketing, assault, burglary, fraud, deception); indiscriminate and targeted violence (such as rape) and harassment; organized crime ; terrorism and unlawful interference (attacks against state institutions and the vital interests of the state), hijacking and hostage taking; wars, social conflicts and political and religious unrest; and a lack of public and institutional protection services.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation 2. Tourism and Related Sectors Tourism and sectors related to tourism such as transport, sports and retail trade, can endanger visitors' personal security, physical integrity and economic interests through: poor safety standards in tourism establishments (fire, construction errors, lack of anti- seismic protection); poor sanitation and disrespect for environmental sustainability; the absence of protection against unlawful interference, crime and delinquency at tourism facilities;  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation 3.Individual Travellers Travellers or visitors can endanger their own safety and security, and those of their hosts by: practicing dangerous sports and leisure activities, dangerous driving, and consuming unsafe food and drink; travelling when in poor health; Causing conflict and friction with local residents through inadequate behavior towards the local communities or by breaking local laws; carrying out illicit or criminal activities (eg, trafficking in illicit drugs); visiting dangerous areas; and losing personal effects, documents, money, etc, through carelessness.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation 4. Physical and Environmental Risks Physical and environmental damage can occur if travellers: are unaware of the natural characteristics of the destination, in particular its flora and fauna; have not undertaken adequate medical preparations for the trip (vaccinations, prophylaxis); do not take the necessary precautions when consuming food or drink or in their personal hygiene; and are exposed to dangerous situations arising from the physical environment.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation The Nature of Disaster Cause - Is it natural, technological, biological, etc? Frequency - Is it a regular or seasonal event (eg, cyclone, floods) which can be anticipated? Duration - Will it have a limited duration such as an explosion or be prolonged (inundation floods, epidemics)? Speed of onset - Having time available to provide warnings and information and for measures to be undertaken for the protection of people will affect the public’s perception of the level of preparedness and the response capability of disaster management agencies within a destination.  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Scope of impact - From a tourism perspective, will the disaster have the capacity to affect a single tourism operator or a whole destination, or might it have a worldwide impact upon the tourism sector, such as the September 11 bombing of the World Trade Centre in 2001? Destructive potential – A hazard capable of destroying a community and its infrastructure will, again, necessitate the development of contingency plans for the relocation of visitors to a safer place with essential facilities, and for their return to their homes. NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Q1.1.6-1 “Risk Management for Tourism Crises and Disaster” Pen & Paper none  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Q1.1.6-1 1. Differentiate the crisis management from risk management using the table provided below. Crisis Management Risk Management  NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation Q1.6.1-1 For Flexible Distance Learning: Document/File, Screenshot or photo of hand written answer on bond paper and uploaded at Edmodo Apps For Modular Distance Learning: Handwritten bond paper and submitted at AISAT Campus Five days after the discussion. Nov 13, 2020 NO. 6 Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security, and Sanitation