Readings In Philippine History With Indigenous Week 1 PDF

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY WITH INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S STUDIES MR. CAPACIO “Never Cracked Under Pressure” ...

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY WITH INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S STUDIES MR. CAPACIO “Never Cracked Under Pressure”  Geography of the Philippines Geography The Philippines map shows andisits that ansetting Island The Philippines country on arethe a group Western of islands Pacific surrounded Ocean, which byisthe part South of the China Southeast Sea in the AsiaWest, Continent. the Philippine Sea in the East, Celebes Sea in the South, Sulu Sea in the Southwest, and in the North, the island of Luzon (and The Philippines) and the country of Taiwan are separated by the Luzon Strait. Geography and its setting The Philippines is an Island country on the Western Pacific Ocean, which is part of the Southeast Asia Continent. The map shows that The Philippines are a group of islands surrounded by the South China Sea in the West, the Philippine Sea in the East, Celebes Sea in the South, Sulu Sea in the Southwest, and in the North, the island of Luzon (and The Philippines) and the country of Taiwan are separated by the Luzon Strait. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Geography of the Philippines East Timor Singapore Indonesia Malaysia Brunei Myanmar Laos Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Brunei Malaysia Geography The It’s neighboring Philippines andisits countries part setting of the are: (cont’d) Southeast Asian Region of the Asian Continent. Geography and its setting (cont’d) Indonesia The Philippines is part of Vietnam the Southeast Asian Singapore Region of the Asian East Timor Cambodia Continent. Vietnam It’s neighboring countries Thailand are: Laos next Myanmar MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Geography of the Philippines Likewise, Luzon, Mindanao, Visayas, the (Visayan the 15th thePhilippine second-largest largest Islands). island Archipelago inisland the world consists in thebyPhilippines of landmore area, than after is the 7,500 Likewise, the Philippine Archipelago consists of more than Luzon, largest islands, and and the which most 7th populous most are broadly populous island characterized island in thein Philippines. theinto world. three (3) main geographical divisions: 7,500 islands, which are broadly characterized into three (3) main geographical divisions: Luzon, the 15th largest island in the world by land area, is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Mindanao, the second-largest island in the Philippines after Luzon, and the 7th most populous island in the world. Visayas, (Visayan Islands). MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  LUZON MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  VISAYAS MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  MINDANAO MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Geography of the Philippines Likewise, Luzon, Mindanao, Visayas, the (Visayan the 15th thePhilippine second-largest largest Islands). island Archipelago inisland the world consists in thebyPhilippines of landmore area, than after is the 7,500 Likewise, the Philippine Archipelago consists of more than Luzon, largest islands, and and the which most 7th populous most are broadly populous island characterized island in thein Philippines. theinto world. three (3) main geographical divisions: 7,500 islands, which are broadly characterized into three (3) main geographical divisions: Luzon, the 15th largest island in the world by land area, is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Mindanao, the second-largest island in the Philippines after Luzon, and the 7th most populous island in the world. Visayas, (Visayan Islands). MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Geography of the Philippines The Philippines straddles, or sits, on the typhoon belt, an area in the western Pacific Ocean where nearly 1/3 of the world’s tropical cycles form. This area is not only the most active in the world, but also has the most intense storms globally. Approximately, 19-22 typhoons enter the Philippines each year, around 6-9 of them make landfall. The Philippines straddles, or sits, on the typhoon belt, an area in the western Pacific Ocean where nearly 1/3 of the world’s tropical cycles form. This area is not only the most active in the world, but also has the most intense storms globally. Approximately, 19-22 typhoons enter the Philippines each year, around 6-9 of them make landfall. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Geography of the Philippines Philippines is also situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it vulnerable to frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Philippines is also situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it vulnerable to frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines The topography is extremely varied, with volcanic mountain masses forming the cores of most of the larger islands. The range culminates in Mt. Pulag (2,928 meters above sea level/9,606 ft) in Luzon, and in Mt. Apo, the highest point in the Philippines, with an elevation of 2,954 meters above sea level (9,692 ft) in Mindanao. The topography is extremely varied, with volcanic mountain masses forming the cores of most of the larger islands. The range culminates in Mt. Pulag (2,928 meters above sea level/9,606 ft) in Luzon, and in Mt. Apo, the highest point in the Philippines, with an elevation of 2,954 meters above sea level (9,692 ft) in Mindanao. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines The Galathea PhilippineDeep, Trench, is the has portion a lengthofofthe approximately 10,540-metre-deep 1,320 kilometres (34,580 ft)(820 Philippine miles).Trench At its deepest exceeding point, 6000-metre the trench(20,000 reachesft)10,540 depthsmeters in the south-western (34,580 ft) or (5,760 Pacificfathoms). Ocean. The Philippine Trench, has a length of approximately 1,320 kilometres (820 miles). At its deepest point, the trench reaches 10,540 meters (34,580 ft) or (5,760 fathoms). The Galathea Deep, is the portion of the 10,540-metre-deep (34,580 ft) Philippine Trench exceeding 6000-metre (20,000 ft) depths in the south-western Pacific Ocean. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines The strategic location of the Philippines has affected its history. Significance Significance The strategic location of the Philippines has affected its history. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines 1. Its nearness to mainland Asia has led to the migration of Negritos, Indonesian and Malays. The Negritos travelled to the Philippines by means of land bridges that connected to Asia while the Indonesians and Malays crossed the seas to get to our shores. 1. Its nearness to mainland Asia has led to the migration of Negritos, Indonesian and Malays. The Negritos travelled to the Philippines by means of land bridges that connected to Asia while the Indonesians and Malays crossed the seas to get to our shores. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines 2. Because of the proximity of the Philippines to other Asian countries, the Ancient Filipinos were able to establish trade contacts with the Chinese, Indians, Japanese and Arabs. These trade contacts were economically, as well as culturally beneficial, to Filipinos. 2. Because of the proximity of the Philippines to other Asian countries, the Ancient Filipinos were able to establish trade contacts with the Chinese, Indians, Japanese and Arabs. These trade contacts were economically, as well as culturally beneficial, to Filipinos. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines 3. The proximity of the country to the Spice Islands or Moluccas resulted in the coming of the Spaniards to the Philippines. This event led to the Hispanization and Christianization of the country. 3. The proximity of the country to the Spice Islands or Moluccas resulted in the coming of the Spaniards to the Philippines. This event led to the Hispanization and Christianization of the country. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines 4. The strategic location of the country in SEA lead the United States to acquire the Philippines from Spain and colonize it. This enabled the United States to exert a powerful influence in the region with the installation of military bases in our country. 4. The strategic location of the country in SEA lead the United States to acquire the Philippines from Spain and colonize it. This enabled the United States to exert a powerful influence in the region with the installation of military bases in our country. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Topography of the Philippines 5. Because of its strategic position in the SEA region, it has become an important part of trade and travel in Asia. International airlines and ships stopover in the Philippines on their way to Australia and other Asian countries. 5. Because of its strategic position in the SEA region, it has become an important part of trade and travel in Asia. International airlines and ships stopover in the Philippines on their way to Australia and other Asian countries. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People -OriginCommunity -Migration -Early -Customsand and Theories Folklore traditions -Origin and Folklore -Migration Theories -Early Community -Customs and traditions MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People Origin School 1. 2. 3. 4. Based Migration CoreAnd of Population on Thought Folklore Bible Legends Theory and About Theory ofand Religious theHow Myths Filipino Filipino Beliefs People People originated Origin And Folklore of the Filipino People School of Thought About How Filipino People originated 1. Based on Bible and Religious Beliefs 2. Based on Legends and Myths 3. Migration Theory 4. Core Population Theory MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People School of Thought About How Filipino People originated 1. Based From theon these, book Bible theofmaritime and genesis, Religious people it is said Beliefs spreads that God outcreated into different peoplecounties on the sixth including day. the Philippines 1. Based on Bible and Religious Beliefs From the book of genesis, it is said that God created people on the sixth day. From these, the maritime people spreads out into different counties including the Philippines MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People School of Thought About How Filipino People originated -2.ABased womanonand Legends a manand appeared Myths in the bamboo name Malakas and Maganda who became the ancestor of the people in the Philippines. 2. Based on Legends and Myths - A woman and a man appeared in the bamboo name Malakas and Maganda who became the ancestor of the people in the Philippines. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People 3. Migration Filipino -H. Otley People Beyer Theory are mixture of the three different races who arrived to the Philippines 3. Migration Theory Filipino People are mixture of the three different races who arrived to the Philippines -H. Otley Beyer MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People -Most Negritos -Hunter- They -Appearance Small Dark Curled Live ancient Gartherer Skin Body in Hair Caves : civilization and Mountainside in the country (8,000BCE or more than 25,000 years ago) Negritos -Most ancient civilization in the country (8,000BCE or more than 25,000 years ago) -Hunter- Gartherer They Live in Caves and Mountainside Appearance : - Small Body - Dark Skin - Curled Hair MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People -There First --They Appearance: -White -Long -Thin Slender Group Lips Nose came are Skin and two from tall group body Southeast of Indones Asia.who came to the Philippines -There are two group of Indones who came to the Philippines First Group -They came from Southeast Asia. Appearance: - Slender and tall body -White Skin -Long Nose -Thin Lips MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People Second -They -Small Appearance: -Dark -Flat Nose Skin came body Group size from Indo-China and Central Asia, Second Group -They came from Indo- China and Central Asia, Appearance: -Small body size -Dark Skin -Flat Nose MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People Malayof -Most -Way -They Medium Appearance: came Live Advance Living Height, inafter Larger :Agriculture, Among Brown indones Village the Skin, about and 3fishing, races Dark had 2000 Eyes, trading a Government. years flatand ago. nose mining. They and straight also arrived Blackusing Hair.boats from southeast Asia. Malay -They came after indones about 2000 years ago. They also arrived using boats from southeast Asia. -Most Advance Among the 3 races -Way of Living :Agriculture, fishing, trading and mining. -They Live in Larger Village and had a Government. Appearance: Medium Height, Brown Skin, Dark Eyes, flat nose and straight Black Hair. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People Core Populationfrom Anthropologist Theory University of the Philippines named Filipe Landa Jocano proposed that The Filipinos are product of long process of cultural evolution and mass movement of people. Core Population Theory Anthropologist from University of the Philippines named Filipe Landa Jocano proposed that The Filipinos are product of long process of cultural evolution and mass movement of people. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  The Filipino People Evidence In This 1962, proves aofskullcap that CoreTabon Population and man a portion came Theory ofearlier a jaw-presumed to the Philippines to be athan human to the origin-were Negrito, Indones, found in the andTabon MalayCaves since of thePalawan same fossils by archaeologist were also discovered Robert Foxinand Southeast ManuelAsia Santiago and ranged from 200,000 to 250,000 years of age. Evidence of Core Population Theory In 1962, a skullcap and a portion of a jaw- presumed to be a human origin-were found in the Tabon Caves of Palawan by archaeologist Robert Fox and Manuel Santiago This proves that Tabon man came earlier to the Philippines than to the Negrito, Indones, and Malay since the same fossils were also discovered in Southeast Asia and ranged from 200,000 to 250,000 years of age. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines Wave Migration Theory Wave Migration Henry Otley Beyer`s Theory theory about how humans came to live in the Philippines was arguably the most well-known, it tells that the peopling of the archipelago was caused by big “waves” of migrants that crossed over on different time periods. Henry Otley Beyer` s theory about how humans came to live in the Philippines was arguably the most well-known, it tells that the peopling of the archipelago was caused by big “waves” of migrants that crossed over on different time periods. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines Dawn crossed -Resembled -They Man Peking over land man,bridges Java man thatand wasother formed Asian during homothesapiens. last ice They age ordid glacial not have period knowledge 250,000 years in agriculture, ago. they live by hunting and fishing. Dawn Man -Resembled Peking man, Java man and other Asian homo sapiens. They did not have knowledge in agriculture, they live by hunting and fishing. -They crossed over land bridges that was formed during the last ice age or glacial period 250,000 years ago. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines Pygmies -They are dark-skinned crossed through land pygmies bridges called as well “Aetas” 25,000 or “Negritos”, – 30,000 years goodago. hunters and fishers that utilized spears and small splint stone weapons. Due to the disappearance of land bridges, they was forced to stay in the Philippines. Pygmies -They are dark-skinned pygmies called “Aetas” or “Negritos”, good hunters and fishers that utilized spears and small splint stone weapons. Due to the disappearance of land bridges, they was forced to stay in the Philippines. -They crossed through land bridges as well 25,000 – 30,000 years ago. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines -Theyseafaring Indonesians -First came to the migrants Philippines that entered in boats.the They archipelago wielded tools 5,000made – 6,000 out years of stone ago. and steel; have knowledge in agriculture and mining; wore clothing and body ornaments. Indonesians -They came to the Philippines in boats. They wielded tools made out of stone and steel; have knowledge in agriculture and mining; wore clothing and body ornaments. -First seafaring migrants that entered the archipelago 5,000 – 6,000 years ago. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines -Also to Malays -Last came migrate to thetoPhilippines the Philippines in boats. aboutThey 2,300 areyears capable ago.of making weaved products, pots and jewelries, they also brought the Iron Age culture and the innovative idea in agriculture to the archipelago called “irrigation system”. Malays -Also came to the Philippines in boats. They are capable of making weaved products, pots and jewelries, they also brought the Iron Age culture and the innovative idea in agriculture to the archipelago called “irrigation system”. -Last to migrate to the Philippines about 2,300 years ago. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines Coretheory The Population proposed Theory by Felipe Landa Jocano that disputed Wave Migration theory, it states that there were no distinct waves of migration happened in the Philippines, but a long and continuous process of evolution and movement of early humans. According to Jocano, The early humans in the Southeast Asia were of the same population or ethnic group then eventually went their separate ways: some migrated to the Philippines, the others to New Guinea, Java and Borneo. Core Population Theory The theory proposed by Felipe Landa Jocano that disputed Wave Migration theory, it states that there were no distinct waves of migration happened in the Philippines, but a long and continuous process of evolution and movement of early humans. According to Jocano, The early humans in the Southeast Asia were of the same population or ethnic group then eventually went their separate ways: some migrated to the Philippines, the others to New Guinea, Java and Borneo. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines "Out A theory of Taiwan" presented Theory by archaeologist Peter Bellwood states that the Austronesian-speaking people was originated from Taiwan and had further migrated due to the continual growth of population. "Out of Taiwan" Theory A theory presented by archaeologist Peter Bellwood states that the Austronesian- speaking people was originated from Taiwan and had further migrated due to the continual growth of population. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Migration Theories in the Philippines "Austronesian Over the next 1,000 peopleyears, beganthey to blend spread with to the Australo-Melanesians, rest of the Philippines whoand are continued thought to have migrate inhabited further the to other islands countries. around 23,000 years earlier. "Austronesian people began to blend with Australo-Melanesians, who are thought to have inhabited the islands around 23,000 years earlier. Over the next 1,000 years, they spread to the rest of the Philippines and continued to migrate further to other countries. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  ACTIVITY: LIST DOWN ALL THE INFORMATION YOU KNOW DURING PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos Before The Barangays the Spaniards, were well-organized there were archeological independentrecords villages, of early whichChinese functioned and much some like Muslim a city-state. scholars The narrating Barangay the existence was the dominant of civilization organizational in the archipelago pattern even amongbefore indigenous Magellan communities landed. in the Philippine archipelago. The name barangay originated from balangay, a Malay word meaning "sailboat'. Before the Spaniards, there were archeological records of early Chinese and some Muslim scholars narrating the existence of civilization in the archipelago even before Magellan landed. The Barangays were well-organized independent villages, which functioned much like a city- state. The Barangay was the dominant organizational pattern among indigenous communities in the Philippine archipelago. The name barangay originated from balangay, a Malay word meaning "sailboat'. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos The first Raja 'The early or Rajah Datu barangays Filipinos orItDatu waschooses isthe started shown title the as of thethe relatively place highest leader to build respect. small in the their communities Barangay. Hecommunity makesInimportant of tagalog, based aroundof itdecisions 50 is economic to called 100in Lakan. families opportunities the community and have wherein and the ispopulation regarded access thethat asland savior varies and the from water 100 to for500 theirpersons. everydayTheroutine Datu or ofRaja life. ruled the Barangay. The early Filipinos chooses the place to build their community based of economic opportunities wherein access the land and the water for their everyday routine of life. The first barangays started as relatively small communities of around 50 to 100 families and have the population that varies from 100 to 500 persons. The Datu or Raja ruled the Barangay. Raja or Datu It was the title of the leader in the Barangay. In tagalog, it is called Lakan. 'The Rajah or Datu is shown the highest respect. He makes important decisions in the community and is regarded as savior MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos Early 1. 2. 3. 4. AgeBarangay Physically Inheritance Extent of Knowledge Fit Qualifications for their leader: Early Barangay Qualifications for their leader: 1. Age 2. Physically Fit 3. Inheritance 4. Extent of Knowledge MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos Social A social Classes class or indivision the Barangay is a basic classification method whereby a community ranks one another as superior or inferior Social Classes in the Barangay A social class or division is a basic classification method whereby a community ranks one another as superior or inferior MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos 1. Datu or Raja - the chieftain of the whole barangay and is the wealthiest person in the community. 1. Datu or Raja - the chieftain of the whole barangay and is the wealthiest person in the community. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos 2. Maharlika (The Noble People) - this class of people does not pay taxes in the community; they are relatives of the Raja or the Datu (the aristocrats). 2. Maharlika (The Noble People) - this class of people does not pay taxes in the community; they are relatives of the Raja or the Datu (the aristocrats). MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos 3Timawa (The Free Man) These classes of people were free commoners. They could own their own land and from time to time, they can be obliged to work on a datu's land and help in community projects and events. 3Timawa (The Free Man) These classes of people were free commoners. They could own their own land and from time to time, they can be obliged to work on a datu's land and help in community projects and events. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Community of Filipinos 4. Alipin / Oripun - those who are unable to pay their debts, punished criminals and illegitimate children. a.) Aliping Namamahay - those who had their own quarters. b.) Alipin sa Gigilid - the real slaves, they were homeless, lives with their master, had no property, and could not marry without master's consent, they could be use as a payment for debt. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Filipino Education In the The father ancient trained Philippines, his sonschildren to be warriors, were given hunters, the rudiments fishermen,ofminers, education. lumbermen, and shipbuilders. The mother on her part trained her daughters in cooking, gardening, serving, and other household arts. In the ancient Philippines, children were given the rudiments of education. The father trained his sons to be warriors, hunters, fishermen, miners, lumbermen, and shipbuilders. The mother on her part trained her daughters in cooking, gardening, serving, and other household arts. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  Early Filipino Education It is said that in ancient Panay, there was a barangay school called Bothoan under the charge of the teacher usually an old man. The subjects taught to the children in this barangay school were reading, writing, arithmetic, use of weapons, and lubus (acquiring kinaadman or amulets). It is said that in ancient Panay, there was a barangay school called Bothoan under the charge of the teacher usually an old man. The subjects taught to the children in this barangay school were reading, writing, arithmetic, use of weapons, and lubus (acquiring kinaadman or amulets). MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  woman (or man) as a Babaylan Philippine indigenous communities recognize a Philippine indigenous communities recognize a woman (or man) as a Babaylan, someone who has the ability to mediate with the spirit world, has her own spirit guides, and is given gifts of healing, foretelling, and insight. She may also have knowledge of healing therapies such as hilot, arbularyo. woman (or man) as a Babaylan, someone who has the ability to mediate with the spirit world, has her own spirit guides, and is given gifts of healing, foretelling, and insight. She may also have knowledge of healing therapies such as hilot, arbularyo. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF THE EARLY FILIPINO PEOPLE CUSTOMS *PRE-COLONIAL *Later The early on, they AND Filipinos DWELLINGS were TRADITIONS used evolved caves OF into for THE Bahay their EARLY housing na Bato FILIPINO until uponthey PEOPLE the learned arrivals of to the build Spaniards. houses outside using wood or bamboo and nipa leaves or cogon grass for their roofing that suits tropical climate and that’s how Bahay Kubo were made. CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF THE EARLY FILIPINO PEOPLE PRE-COLONIAL DWELLINGS * The early Filipinos used caves for their housing until they learned to build houses outside using wood or bamboo and nipa leaves or cogon grass for their roofing that suits tropical climate and that’s how Bahay Kubo were made. *Later on, they were evolved into Bahay na Bato upon the arrivals of the Spaniards. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS CLOTHING *According *Men and women AND to Pigafettas ORNAMENTS wear ornaments chronicle, when like bracelets, they arrived necklaces here in and the Philippines, rings. They also menhave and women tattoos were around barefoot their bodies and have to symbolize no upperbeauty clothing. andBahag bravery. for men and a piece of clothing around their waist for women. Some of the traditional clothing of the early Filipinos were Kangan and Putong. CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS *According to Pigafettas chronicle, when they arrived here in the Philippines, men and women were barefoot and have no upper clothing. Bahag for men and a piece of clothing around their waist for women. Some of the traditional clothing of the early Filipinos were Kangan and Putong. *Men and women wear ornaments like bracelets, necklaces and rings. They also have tattoos around their bodies to symbolize beauty and bravery. MR. DIOMEDES C. CAPACIO JR. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA  EARLY RELIGIONS EARLYthey *Early *But RELIGIONS Filipinos do believe do notthat havethere specific is a powerful religions since beingChristianity from