Reading Skills PDF

Reading  Reading skills part 1 Our goal in this part is how to Acknowledge the differences between the topic, main points, and supporting details. Main idea part: Finding the main idea is important to understand what you are reading. Also, it helps to understand what is important this...

Reading  Reading skills part 1 Our goal in this part is how to Acknowledge the differences between the topic, main points, and supporting details. Main idea part: Finding the main idea is important to understand what you are reading. Also, it helps to understand what is important this paragraph. How to identify the main idea? 1-Identity topic: read the whole passage then identify the topic. Who or what is the paragraph about? 2-Summarize passage: after reading the whole paragraph try to summarize it shortly using your own words. (act like you have 3 to 4 sentences to tell someone what the paragraph is about). 3-Repeated ideas: if you read the paragraph and you can’t summarise it because of the amount of information, then start to look for repeated words or ideas. Example A new hearing device uses a magnet to hold the detachable sound-processing portion in place. Like other aids, it converts sound into vibrations, but it is unique in that it can transmit the vibrations directly to the magnet and then to the inner ear. This produces a clearer sound. The new device will not help all hearing-impaired people — only those with hearing loss caused by infection or some other problem in the middle ear. It will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems. Those people who have persistent ear infections, however, should find relief and restore hearing with the new device. Q/ what dose this paragraph talk about? A/ a new hearing device Q/ what is it trying to deliver? A/a new hearing device is available for some but not all hearing- impaired people Supporting details Definition: details used to support and reinforce the main idea of the paragraph How to determine? It is a specific detail helps the reader to understand the storyline, also it answers Wh- questions of the main idea. Supporting materials: -what, who, when, why, how. - Objectives facts and historical examples. -Comparison between different ideas. - Definition of phrases, a group of words that doesn’t contain a verb. - Appeals to emotion. - Lists, charts, or images. Types of supporting details : Major details Minor details Explain the main idea Explain a major supporting detail VS More specific than the main idea More specific than the major detail Answers the reader questions about May be not important enough to the main idea Include in reading notes Example I really like apples. They are sweet, crisp, juicy and just filling enough to take the edge off my appetite. When I eat apples, I also think of the vitamins and minerals they contain, and the fiber they supply to keep me healthy. Refers to main idea Refers to major details Refers to minor details  Reading skills part 2 Our goal in this part is how to identify main ideas by asking questions, how to use punctuation to recognize supporting details, and skimming for topics and ideas. In which way can finding the main idea help me in the paragraph? Finding the main idea is important to understand what you are reading about. Also, it helps to the information to make sense, and coherent. How to identify the main idea? 1) To find the main idea of any paragraph or passage, ask these questions: 1- Who or what is the paragraph about? 2- What aspect or idea about the ‘who’ or ‘what’ is the author concerned with? The main ideas can be stated in the paragraph, or it may be implied. 2) Answering negative facts questions about the paragraph. A negative fact question can be identified by either the word “NOT” or “EXCEPT” in the question. The question can appear like one of the following: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X? The author's description of X mentions all the following EXCEPT. According to the paragraph, all information is true about X EXCEPT. 3) Paraphrasing (rewrite the sentence with your own words) the information. To paraphrase you need to use 3 ways: 1- Read the highlighted sentence carefully 2- Pay close attention to punctuation and to linking words that will help you to understand the relationship of ideas. 3- Read the answer choice carefully, and Eliminate answers that change the meaning, leave out important information, and false information from the highlighted sentence. Example (A) The United States seems to be in love with the idea of going out to eat. Because of this, a real variety of restaurants has come about specializing McDonald’s is the king of a subgroup of restaurants in all kinds of foods. Chances are, no matter where you live, there food restaurants. - called fast is a McDonald’s restaurant near you. There are even McDonald’s in the Soviet Union. Now McDonald’s is trying something new. It is called McDonald’s Express and there is a test site in Peabody, Massachusetts. It is part of a Mobil gas station. This allows you to fill up with gas and fill up on food at the same time. What will they think of next? Q/ Who or what is the paragraph about? A/(McDonald's) Q/What aspect or idea about the ‘who’ or ‘what’ is the author concerned with? A/(McDonald’s is the king of fast food) (stated example) Example (B) Do you wear glasses? Make sure your glasses fit well. The earpieces should be at eye level. Don’t try to adjust the earpieces yourself. Take your glasses for adjustments to the place you bought them. Keep your glasses in a case when you’re not wearing them. This will prevent scratches. Keep the lenses clean. A soft cloth is best for cleaning. Q/ Who or what is the paragraph about? A/(glasses) Q/What aspect or idea about the ‘who’ or ‘what’ is the author concerned with? A/(taking care of your glasses). (implied example)  Reading skills part 3 Our goal in this part is how to use a timeline to take notes on time and time order, and how to use the skimming technique to find time and place in historical way. 1- using a timeline to take notes on time and time order. Time order words tell us about the order in which events happen. They allow us to understand the sequence of events in linear order, from first to last. This is helpful when you're telling a story or something that happened - whether you're writing it down or just telling it to a friend. 2- skimming to find time and place in history. Each paragraph tells events and changes in time order, from long ago in the past to future possibilities. You may be able to discover a trend (A direction in development) through skimming. Example First, we measured out the ingredients for the cake. After that, we mixed them together to make a batter. Then, we poured the batter into a cake tin. Finally, we put the cake tin in the oven. -This creates a full story that you can follow, from beginning to end. The time order words 'first’, 'after that’, 'then’, and 'finally' help to bring the events together and tell you which ones happened first, second, third and last. -While time order words can be placed anywhere in a sentence, they're most placed at the start of a sentence or paragraph. -When placed at the start of a sentence, they're followed by a comma. For example, 'Earlier, we went to the park.  Reading skills part 4 Our goal in this part is how to recognize supporting detail (opinions), how to understand the writer tone of voice, how to understand vocabulary in context, how to recognize nouns and verbs and adjectives, and how to understand adverbs. How to Differentiate between opinions and facts details? Opinions: An opinion refers to a personal belief. It depends to how someone feels about something. Others may agree or disagree with an opinion, but they cannot prove nor disprove it. This what defines it as an opinion. Examples for signal words for opinion details are: He claimed that, It is the officer’s view that, The report argues that, Many scientists suspect that, I think, in my point of view. Facts A fact generally refers to something that is true and can be confirmed as such. That is, a fact is something that can be proven to be true. How to understand the writer tone of voice? The author’s tone of voice refers to the words that are added to show point of view, emotion, or attitude. Tone is expressed through the words the author selects. To determine the author’s tone, you must notice how these words are used. Some examples: Aggressive (Unable to think clearly; bewildered; vague) Confused (Unable to think clearly; bewildered; vague) Negative (Unhappy; pessimistic) Sarcastic (Scornful; mocking; ridiculing) Worried (Anxious; stressed; fearful) Disappointed (Discouraged; unhappy because something went wrong) Concerned (Worried; anxious; apprehensive) How to understand new vocabulary in context? You can understand new vocabulary from the context clues using 4 ways. 1) Synonyms 3) General sense of the word 2) Antonyms 4) Examples  How to Recognize nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs? Word POS Definition Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Agree To accept something that is V suggested by some one Agreement Agree Agreeable Agreed Amazing ADJ Causing a great surprise or wonder Amazement Amazing Amazed Amazingly Annoyed ADJ Feeling slightly angry or upset Annoyance Annoying Annoyingly Architecture The art and practice of planning N and designing buildings Architecture Architectural Architecturally