rania works PDF

## Complete the crossword ### Across 5. I phoned to check on my application, but they said they'd already **hired** someone. 6. This job is so important, I think we need to **headhunt** someone. 8. The selection procedure has lasted three months, but we're going to a **point** someone next week....

## Complete the crossword ### Across 5. I phoned to check on my application, but they said they'd already **hired** someone. 6. This job is so important, I think we need to **headhunt** someone. 8. The selection procedure has lasted three months, but we're going to a **point** someone next week. ### Down 1. and 2. I hope she **accepts** the job, because if she turns it down, we'll have to start looking again. 3. The last applicant was very strong, but I understand he'd had two other job **offers** already. 4. They've finally **hired** a new receptionist. She starts work next week. 7. Computer programmers wanted. Only those with UNIX experience should **apply**. ## 3.2 Now divide the words in 3.1 into two groups. 1. What a company personnel department does: **recruited hiring headhunt** 2. What a person looking for work does: **apply accept turn down** 3. What the underlined phrases with correct forms of words and expressions from a, b and c opposite. Fred had already **refused** two job offers when he went for a **discussion** to see if he was suitable for the job. They looked at his accountancy degree and contactless **previous employers** Fred had mentioned in his application. A few days later, the supermarket **asked** him if he would like the job and Fred **said** yes. Harry didn't hear anything for six weeks, so he **phoned** the company. They told him that they had received a lot of **requests** for the job. After looking at the **documents** describing his education, qualifications and previous jobs of the **people** asking for the job and looking at **what exams** they had passed during their education, the company had **chosen** six people to interview and then given them **tests** on their personality and intelligence. They had then given someone the job. ## Over to you If you work, answer these questions: - Where did you see the jobs advertised? - What did you send to apply for the job? - What was the selection procedure? If you're a student, answer these questions: - When you applied for your course did you use an online application form or send an application in? - Did you need to provide referees? - Did you have an interview? ## Recruitment and selection **A** The process of finding people for particular jobs is recruitment or, especially in American English, hiring. Someone who has been recruited is a recruit, or in AmE, a hire. The company employs or hires them and they join the company. A company may recruit employees directly or use outside recruiters, recruitment agencies or employment agencies. Outside specialists called headhunters maybe used to find people for very important jobs and to persuade them to leave the organizations they already work for. Key people recruited like this are headhunted in a process of headhunting. **B** Applying for a job Fred is an accountant, but he was fed up with his old job. He looked in the situations vacant pages of his local newspaper, where a local supermarket was advertising for a new accountant's position. He applied for the job by completing an application form and sending it in. Harry is a building engineer. He'd been working for the same company for ten years, but he wanted a change. He looked at jobs with different engineering companies on a jobs website. He made an application, sending in his CV (curriculum vitae - a document describing your education, qualifications and previous jobs, that you send to a prospective employer) and a covering letter explaining why he wanted the job and why he was the right person for it. **Note** Situation, post and position are formal words often used in job advertisements and applications. BrE: CV; AmE: résumé or resume BrE: covering letter; AmE: cover letter **C** Selection procedures Dagmar Schmidt is the head of recruitment at a German telecommunications company. She talks about the selection process, the methods that the company uses to recruit people. 'We advertise in national newspapers and on the internet. We look at the backgrounds of applicants - their experience of different jobs and their educational qualifications. **Note** Internet is sometimes written with a capital letter when it is a noun. internet (noun): mostly BrE Internet (noun): mostly AmE 'We invite the most interesting candidates to a group discussion. Then we individuals interviews with each candidate. The head of the department is also present. We also give the candidates written psychometric tests to assess their intelligence and personality. 'After this, we shortlist three or four candidates. We check their references by writing to their referees - previous employers, teachers, and so on that candidates have named in their applications. If the references are OK, we ask the candidates to come back for more interviews. Finally we offer the job to someone, and if they turn it down we have to think again. (Some applicants may get other job offers at the same time as ours.) If they accept it, we hire them. We appoint someone only if we find the right person.' ## 2.1 Look at the six expressions (a-f) from A opposite. Which person (1-6) is most likely to do each of the things described? a. work in shifts - **3** b. work under a flexitime system - **1** c. telecommute - **5** d. commute to work - **2** e. clock in and out at the same time every day - **6** f. work overtime - **4** ## 2.2 Look at the words and expressions in B and C opposite. Five people describe their jobs. Match the jobs (1-5) with the descriptions (a-e) and put the words in brackets into the correct grammatical forms. 1. accountant - **c** 2. postwoman - **a** 3. flight attendant - **b** 4. software developer - **d** 5. teacher - **e** a. "Obviously, my work involves **travel(ing)** a lot. It can be quite physically **demanding**, but I enjoy **dealing** (deal) with customers, except when they become tired and anxious about arriving. This doesn't happen often, but it can be very frustrating for us and the other passengers." b. "I love my job. It's very **stimulating** and not at all **repetitive**: no two days are the same. The children are fine: you see them learn and develop. The parents can be more of a problem." c. "I was good at maths at school and I like **working** with figures. But my job is much less **boring** and routine than people think. The work **involves** a lot of human contact and teamwork, working with other managers." d. "You've got to think in a very logical way. There's a lot of teamwork between the developers. The work can be mentally **tiring**, but it's very satisfying to write a program that works." e. "Of course, it involves getting up quite early in the morning. But I like **being** out in the open air. And you get a lot of exercise. I walk two or three miles every day." ## Over to you If you work, answer these questions: - Do you have a nine-to-five job? Do you have to clock on and off? Is there a flexitime system in your organization? Are there people who do shiftwork in your company? - Could you do your job working from home? If so, would you like to? - What do you like most about your job? - What do you like least? If you don't work, answer these questions: - What sort of working hours would you like to have when you start working? - Would you like to work from home? - What kind of job would you like? Complete this sentence in five ways to talk about yourself. I'd like a job that involves... ## Working hours "I'm an office worker in an insurance company. It's a nine-to-five job with regular working hours. I need my swipe card to get into the office. The work isn't very interesting, but I like to be able to go home at a reasonable time." **Note** You can also say clock in and clock out. **Note** BrE: flexitime AmE: flextime "I'm in computer programming. There's a system of flexitime in my company, which means we can work when we want, within certain limits. We can start at any time till 11, and finish as early as 3 - as long as we do enough hours each month. It's ideal for me as I have two young children." "I work in a car plant. I work in shifts and I have to clock on and clock off at the beginning and end of every shift. I may be on the day shift one week and the night shift the next week. It's difficult changing from one shift to another. When I change shifts, I have problems changing to a new routine for sleeping and eating. When the company is selling lots of cars, they ask us to work overtime - more hours than usual for more money." "I'm a commercial artist in an advertising agency. Unlike most other people in my department who commute to work every day, I work from home and avoid the long journeys that some commuters experience every day. That's the benefit of teleworking or telecommuting - working from home and using the computer and phone to communicate with other people." ## Nice work if you can get it All these words are used in front of job and work: - satisfying, stimulating, fascinating, exciting - the work is interesting and gives you positive feelings - dull, boring, uninteresting, unstimulating - the work is not interesting - repetitive, routine - the work involves doing the same things again and again - tiring, tough, hard, demanding - the work is difficult and makes you tired ## Nature of work + noun My work involves I like / dislike / prefer / enjoy + -ing human contact long hours teamwork working with figures dealing with customers solving problems ## 1.1 Look at A opposite. Margaux is talking. "I work for a large French supermarket company. It is an international company and (1) **I work about** the development of new supermarkets abroad. (2) **In fact, I'm running** the development department and (3) **I'm responsible** for a team looking at the possibilities in different countries. It's very interesting. (4) **One of my main jobs** is to make sure that new supermarkets open on time. (5) **I'm also charged** with financial reporting. (6) **I deal** with a lot of different organizations in my work. (7) **I'm responsible** for planning projects from start to finish. (8) **I work closely with** our foreign partners, and so I travel a lot." ## 1.2 Complete each gap in the text with one of the prepositions from B opposite. Rebecca lives in London and works in public relations. She leaves home for work at 7.30 am. She drives (1) **to** work. The traffic is often bad and she worries about getting (2) **to** work late, but she usually arrives (3) **at** work at around 9. She finishes work quite late, at about 8. "Luckily, I'm never ill," she says. "I could never take time (4) **off** work." She loves what she does and is glad to be (5) **in** work. Some of her friends are not so lucky: they are (6) **out of** work. ## 1.3 What is being advertised in each of these job advertisements (1-6)? Use an expression from C opposite, including the words in brackets. The first one has been done for you. 1. Librarian required for public library, afternoons 2 till 6. (job) **A part-time job** 2. Personal assistant needed for busy office, 9 am to 5.30 pm. (work) **A full-time job** 3. Experienced barman wanted, 8 pm until midnight (work) **A part-time job** 4. Teacher needed for summer course, 1 to 31 August. (job) **A temporary job** 5. Salesman required for showroom - good prospects for right person. (work) **A permanent job** 6. Lawyer wanted for law firm - long hours, 4 weeks holiday per year. (job) **A permanent job** ## Over to you If you work, answer these questions: - What do you do? What are you in charge of? - What are your responsibilities? - What time do you leave for work? How long does it take you to get to work? What time do you arrive at work? Do you take a lot of time off work? - Why do some people prefer to work part-time or to have temporary jobs? If you don't work, answer these questions: - What sort of job would you like to do? - What sort of routine would you like to have? ## What do you do? To find out what someone's job is, you ask "What do you do?" Kerstin talks about her job: "I work for a large European car maker. I work on car design. In fact, I run the design department and I manage a team of designers: 20 people work under me. It's very interesting. One of my main responsibilities is to make sure that new model designs are finished on time. I'm also in charge of design budgets. "I deal with a lot of different people in the company. I'm responsible for coordination between design and production: I work with managers at our manufacturing plants." **Note** - in charge of + noun - responsible for + verb + -ing - responsibility + infinitive/-ing One of my responsibilities is to make sure that... One of my responsibilities is making sure that... You don't say: "I'm a responsible." ## Word combinations with 'work' If you work or have work, you have a job. But you don't say that someone has 'a work'. Work is also the place where you do your job. You don't say for example, "at the work" or "to the work". Here are some phrases with "work". The economy is growing fast and more people are in work - have a job - than ever before. The percentage of people out of work - without a job - has fallen to its lowest level for 30 years. Frank talks about his job: "I work in a bank in New York City. I leave for work at 7.30 every morning. I go to work by train and subway. I get to / arrive at work at about 9. I'm usually at work till 6. Luckily, I don't get ill very much so I don't often take time off work - away from work due to illness" ## Types of job and types of work A full-time job is one for the whole of the normal working week; a part-time job is for less time than that. You say that someone works full-time or part-time. A permanent job does not finish after a fixed period; a temporary job finishes after a fixed period. You talk about temporary work and permanent work.