Quiz 7 PDF

The Paraffin Series and Properties of Waxy Crude Oils Quiz Answers 1. Which one of these is a physical classification of petroleum? A. Solution Gas:Oil ratio B. Oil Formation volume factor C. Density, Viscosity D. PNA classification Answer: Density, Viscosity (C) Physical classification of petroleum...

The Paraffin Series and Properties of Waxy Crude Oils Quiz Answers 1. Which one of these is a physical classification of petroleum? A. Solution Gas:Oil ratio B. Oil Formation volume factor C. Density, Viscosity D. PNA classification Answer: Density, Viscosity (C) Physical classification of petroleum is based on properties like density and viscosity. 2. What is the equation to calculate API gravity? A. API = 141.5(ρoil + ρwater) - 131.5 B. API = 141.5(ρoil - ρwater) - 131.5 C. API = 141.5(ρwater + ρoil) - 131.5 D. API = 141.5(ρwater - ρoil) - 131.5 Answer: API = 141.5(ρoil - ρwater) - 131.5 (B) API gravity is calculated using the equation API = 141.5(ρoil - ρwater) - 131.5. 3. What is the unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids? A. Centipoise (cp) B. Pascal (Pa) C. Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m^3) D. Newton (N) Answer: Centipoise (cp) (A) The unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids is centipoise (cp). 4. Which term refers to the ratio between solution gas volume and oil volume within the oil in an oil reservoir? A. Oil FVF B. Solution GOR C. Reservoir barrel D. Stock-tank barrel Answer: Solution GOR (B) The solution GOR is the ratio between solution gas volume and oil volume within the oil in an oil reservoir. 5. What is the most likely reason for the oil FVF to be greater than 1.0 in an oil reservoir? A. Buoyancy effects B. Gravitational instability C. Oil shrinkage by degassing D. Oil and gas segregation Answer: Oil shrinkage by degassing (C) The oil FVF is generally greater than 1.0 in an oil reservoir due to oil shrinkage by degassing. 6. At the GOC in a two-phase region, what are the PT conditions? A. Saturated oil and saturated gas B. Unsaturated oil and unsaturated gas C. Saturated oil and unsaturated gas D. Saturated gas and unsaturated oil Answer: Saturated oil and saturated gas (A) At the GOC in a two-phase region, the PT conditions are saturated oil and saturated gas. 7. Which type of hydrocarbon is characterized by having a high wax content? A. Asphaltenes B. Solids C. Liquids D. Gases Answer: Solids (B) According to the text, hydrocarbons with a high wax content are classified as solids. 8. What is the pour point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field? A. 17°C B. 66°C C. 21°C D. 43°C Answer: 21°C (C) The text states that the pour point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field is 21°C. 9. At what temperature does the wax concentration in the waxy crude oil start to solidify? A. 21°C B. 0.8 cP C. 66°C D. 46°C Answer: 46°C (D) The text mentions that the cloud point is the temperature below which wax is present in the liquid, and for the waxy crude oil, the cloud point is 46°C. 10. What is the viscosity of the waxy crude oil at reservoir conditions? A. 0.8 cP B. 17% wax content C. 3,500 BOPD D. 66°C Answer: 0.8 cP (A) According to the text, the viscosity of the waxy crude oil at reservoir conditions is 0.8 cP. 11. Which of the following is a common non-hydrocarbon component found in natural gas? A. Butane B. Carbon Dioxide C. Methane D. Hydrogen Sulphide Answer: Carbon Dioxide (B) Carbon Dioxide is a common non-hydrocarbon component found in natural gas. It is a natural by-product of thermal maturation of kerogen and is associated with areas of volcanic activity. 12. Which class of organic molecules in crude oil contains no double bonds? A. Naphthenes B. Aromatics C. Paraffins D. Olefins Answer: Paraffins (C) Paraffins, also known as alkanes, are the class of organic molecules in crude oil that contain no double bonds. They are termed saturated hydrocarbons. 13. Which type of crude oil generally sells at a premium due to its properties? A. Sweet, light crude B. Heavy crude C. High wax crude D. Normal crude Answer: Sweet, light crude (A) Sweet, light crude generally sells at a premium due to its properties. Refineries are designed to process particular crudes, and sweet, light crude is considered more desirable for refining. 14. Which type of natural gas reservoir contains dissolved gas at reservoir conditions? A. Dry gas B. Gas cap and oil leg C. Wet gas or gas condensate D. Reservoir gas Answer: Gas cap and oil leg (B) Gas cap and oil leg reservoirs contain dissolved gas at reservoir conditions. These reservoirs are referred to as 'saturated' reservoirs. 15. Which of the following is a physical classification of petroleum based on viscosity and liquid gravity? A. PNA classification B. Conventional C. Unconventional D. API gravity Answer: Conventional (B) Physical classification of petroleum is based on its viscosity and liquid gravity. 16. What is the equation to calculate API gravity? A. API = 141.5(\rho_{water}/\rho_{oil}) - 131.5 B. API = 131.5(\rho_{oil}/\rho_{water}) - 141.5 C. API = 131.5(\rho_{water}/\rho_{oil}) - 141.5 D. API = 141.5(\rho_{oil}/\rho_{water}) - 131.5 Answer: API = 141.5(\rho_{oil}/\rho_{water}) - 131.5 (D) API gravity can be calculated using the equation API = 141.5(\rho_{oil}/\rho_{water}) - 131.5. 17. What is the unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids? A. Pascal (Pa) B. Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m^3) C. Newton (N) D. Centipoise (cp) Answer: Centipoise (cp) (D) The unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids is centipoise (cp). 18. Which of the following is a common non-hydrocarbon component found in natural gas? A. Carbon dioxide B. Butane C. Propane D. Methane Answer: Carbon dioxide (A) Carbon dioxide is a common non-hydrocarbon component found in natural gas. It is a natural by-product of thermal maturation of kerogen and can mix with water to produce carbonic acid, which can be a corrosion issue. 19. What is the pour point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field? A. Below -20°C B. Above 0°C C. Between 0°C and -10°C D. Between -10°C and -20°C Answer: Below -20°C (A) The pour point of waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field is below -20°C. Waxy crude oils contain high concentrations of longer-chain paraffins, which can solidify at low temperatures and cause flow issues. 20. Which type of natural gas reservoir contains dissolved gas at reservoir conditions? A. Wet gas or gas condensate B. Gas cap and oil leg C. Dry gas D. Reservoir gas Answer: Wet gas or gas condensate (A) Wet gas or gas condensate is a type of natural gas reservoir that contains dissolved gas at reservoir conditions. Gas condensate refers to vaporized oil at reservoir conditions. 21. What is the unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids? A. Newton-meters B. Centipoise C. Kilograms per cubic meter D. Pascal-seconds Answer: Centipoise (B) The unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids is centipoise. Viscosity measures a fluid's resistance to flow and is commonly used to characterize the flow behavior of crude oil and other petroleum fluids. 22. Which of the following is a characteristic of waxy crude oil? A. Low viscosity at reservoir conditions B. Low wax content C. Solid at surface conditions D. High API gravity Answer: Solid at surface conditions (C) Waxy crude oil is solid at surface conditions due to its high wax content. 23. What is the cloud point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field? A. 43° API B. 66°C C. 46°C D. 21°C Answer: 46°C (C) The cloud point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field is 46°C. 24. What is the main difference between resins and asphaltenes in biodegraded heavy oils? A. Resins have long alkane tails, while asphaltenes have condensed aromatic and naphthenic rings. B. Resins are highly polar, while asphaltenes are non-polar. C. Resins are heavy liquids, while asphaltenes are sticky solids. D. Resins are aromatic compounds, while asphaltenes are naphthenic compounds. Answer: Resins have long alkane tails, while asphaltenes have condensed aromatic and naphthenic rings. (A) Resins in biodegraded heavy oils have a highly polar end group (aromatic and naphthenic rings) and long alkane tails, while asphaltenes are large highly polar components made up of condensed aromatic and naphthenic rings. 25. What is the difference between a saturated fluid and an unsaturated fluid? A. A saturated fluid is within the single-phase region, while an unsaturated fluid is on the bubblepoint/dew point line. B. A saturated fluid has a higher temperature than an unsaturated fluid. C. A saturated fluid is at surface conditions, while an unsaturated fluid is in the reservoir. D. A saturated fluid has a lower pressure than an unsaturated fluid. Answer: A saturated fluid is within the single-phase region, while an unsaturated fluid is on the bubblepoint/dew point line. (A) A saturated fluid is within the single-phase region, while an unsaturated fluid is on the bubble-point/dew point line. 26. Which one of the following equations represents the volume of oil at reservoir conditions as a fraction of the volume of oil at the surface? A. $Oil\ FVF = \frac{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ reservoir\ conditions},{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ surface}$ B. $Oil\ FVF = Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ reservoir\ conditions \times Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ surface$ C. $Oil\ FVF = \frac{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ surface},{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ reservoir\ conditions}$ D. $Oil\ FVF = Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ surface \times Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ reservoir\ conditions$ Answer: $Oil\ FVF = \frac{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ reservoir\ conditions},{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ surface}$ (A) The equation for oil formation volume factor (FVF) is given by: $Oil\ FVF = \frac{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ reservoir\ conditions},{Volume\ of\ oil\ at\ surface}$. It represents the ratio of the volume of oil at reservoir conditions to the volume of oil at the surface. 27. What does the solution GOR represent in an oil reservoir? A. The ratio between oil volume and gas volume within the oil B. The ratio between solution gas volume and water volume within the oil C. The ratio between solution gas volume and oil volume within the oil D. The ratio between water volume and oil volume within the oil Answer: The ratio between solution gas volume and oil volume within the oil (C) The solution GOR (Gas:Oil ratio) represents the ratio between the solution gas volume and the oil volume within the oil in an oil reservoir. It is often expressed in standard cubic feet per stock-tank barrel (scf/stb). 28. In an oil reservoir, what does a solution GOR of 100 mean? A. 100 standard cubic feet of oil are dissolved in each barrel of gas B. 100 barrels of oil are dissolved in each barrel of gas C. 100 standard cubic feet of gas are dissolved in each barrel of oil D. 100 barrels of gas are dissolved in each barrel of oil Answer: 100 standard cubic feet of gas are dissolved in each barrel of oil (C) A solution GOR of 100 means that 100 standard cubic feet of gas are dissolved in each barrel of oil in an oil reservoir. It represents the amount of gas that is dissolved in the oil. 29. Which of the following is a characteristic of waxy crude oil? A. Low viscosity B. Low wax content C. High API gravity D. High pour point Answer: High pour point (D) Waxy crude oil typically has a high pour point, which means it solidifies at higher temperatures. 30. What is the equation to calculate API gravity? A. API = 141.5(\rho_{water}/\rho_{oil}) - 131.5 B. API = 141.5(\rho_{oil}/\rho_{water}) - 131.5 C. API = 9F + 32 D. API = 9C + 32 Answer: API = 141.5(\rho_{oil}/\rho_{water}) - 131.5 (B) API gravity is calculated using the equation API = 141.5(\rho_{oil}/\rho_{water}) - 131.5, where \rho_{oil} is the density of the oil and \rho_{water} is the density of water. 31. What is the unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids? A. Centipoise (cp) B. Newton-second per square meter (N·s/m^2) C. Pascal-second (Pa·s) D. Poise (P) Answer: Centipoise (cp) (A) The unit of viscosity for petroleum-related fluids is centipoise (cp). 32. Which of the following is a characteristic of waxy crude oil? A. High API gravity B. Solid at surface conditions C. Low wax content D. Low pour point Answer: Solid at surface conditions (B) Waxy crude oil is characterized by being solid at surface conditions due to its high wax content. 33. What is the pour point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field? A. 43° API B. 66°C C. 46°C D. 21°C Answer: 21°C (D) The pour point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field is 21°C. 34. What is the cloud point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field? A. 46°C B. 21°C C. 43° API D. 66°C Answer: 46°C (A) The cloud point of the waxy crude oil from the Barryroe Field is 46°C. 35. In an oil reservoir, what does a solution GOR of 100 mean? A. The oil is unsaturated with gas B. The oil is biodegraded C. The oil is saturated with gas D. The oil contains no gas Answer: The oil is saturated with gas (C) A solution GOR of 100 means that the oil in the reservoir is saturated with gas. 36. Which one of the following is a common non-hydrocarbon component found in natural gas? A. Propane (C3H8) B. Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) C. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) D. Methane (CH4) Answer: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) (C) Carbon Dioxide is a common non-hydrocarbon component found in natural gas. It is a natural bi-product of thermal maturation of kerogen and is often associated with areas of volcanic activity. 37. What is the main difference between resins and asphaltenes in biodegraded heavy oils? A. Resins are lighter in color than asphaltenes B. Resins are soluble in aromatic solvents while asphaltenes are not C. Resins are polar compounds while asphaltenes are nonpolar compounds D. Resins have a higher molecular weight than asphaltenes Answer: Resins are soluble in aromatic solvents while asphaltenes are not (B) The main difference between resins and asphaltenes in biodegraded heavy oils is that resins are soluble in aromatic solvents while asphaltenes are not. Resins are also generally lighter in color compared to asphaltenes. 38. Which type of natural gas reservoir contains dissolved gas at reservoir conditions? A. Gas cap and oil leg reservoir B. Gas condensate reservoir C. Wet gas reservoir D. Dry gas reservoir Answer: Gas condensate reservoir (B) A gas condensate reservoir is a type of natural gas reservoir that contains dissolved gas at reservoir conditions. Gas condensate refers to vaporized oil at reservoir conditions. 39. Which type of hydrocarbon is characterized by having a high wax content? A. Aromatics B. Naphthenes C. Paraffins D. Olefins Answer: Paraffins (C) Paraffins are a type of hydrocarbon that is characterized by having a high wax content. Waxy crude oils contain high concentrations of longer-chain paraffins. 40. Which one of the following equations represents the volume of gas at reservoir conditions as a fraction of the volume of gas at the surface? A. $GOR = V_{gas, reservoir} - V_{gas, surface}$ B. $GOR = V_{gas, surface} - V_{gas, reservoir}$ C. $GOR = \frac{V_{gas, reservoir}}{V_{gas, surface}}$ D. $GOR = \frac{V_{gas, surface}}{V_{gas, reservoir}}$ Answer: $GOR = \frac{V_{gas, reservoir}}{V_{gas, surface}}$ (C) The solution Gas:Oil ratio (GOR) is defined as the ratio between the volume of gas at reservoir conditions and the volume of gas at the surface. It is represented by the equation $GOR = \frac{V_{gas, reservoir}} {V_{gas, surface}}$. 41. What is the main difference between black oil and volatile oil reservoirs? A. Black oil reservoirs have a higher solution GOR than volatile oil reservoirs. B. Black oil reservoirs have a lower oil FVF than volatile oil reservoirs. C. Black oil reservoirs contain dissolved gas at reservoir conditions, while volatile oil reservoirs do not. D. Black oil reservoirs have a lower API gravity than volatile oil reservoirs. Answer: Black oil reservoirs have a lower oil FVF than volatile oil reservoirs. (B) The main difference between black oil and volatile oil reservoirs is that black oil reservoirs have a lower oil Formation Volume Factor (FVF) than volatile oil reservoirs. This means that the volume of oil at reservoir conditions is a smaller fraction of the volume of oil at the surface in black oil reservoirs. 42. Which one of the following equations represents the ratio between the volume of oil at reservoir conditions and the volume of oil at the surface? A. $Oil FVF = V_{oil, reservoir} - V_{oil, surface}$ B. $Oil FVF = \frac{V_{oil, reservoir}}{V_{oil, surface}}$ C. $Oil FVF = V_{oil, surface} - V_{oil, reservoir}$ D. $Oil FVF = \frac{V_{oil, surface}}{V_{oil, reservoir}}$ Answer: $Oil FVF = \frac{V_{oil, reservoir}}{V_{oil, surface}}$ (B) The oil Formation Volume Factor (FVF) is defined as the ratio between the volume of oil at reservoir conditions and the volume of oil at the surface. It is represented by the equation $Oil FVF = \frac{V_{oil, reservoir}}{V_{oil, surface}}$.