Quiz 3.pdf

Sedimentary Basins & Rocks Answers 1. Which type of sedimentary rock is formed through the lithification of clastic sediments? A. Organic sedimentary rocks B. Biochemical sedimentary rocks C. Clastic sedimentary rocks D. Chemical sedimentary rocks Answer: Clastic sedimentary rocks (C) Clastic se...

Sedimentary Basins & Rocks Answers 1. Which type of sedimentary rock is formed through the lithification of clastic sediments? A. Organic sedimentary rocks B. Biochemical sedimentary rocks C. Clastic sedimentary rocks D. Chemical sedimentary rocks Answer: Clastic sedimentary rocks (C) Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed through the lithification of clastic sediments, which are made up of broken fragments of rocks and minerals. 2. Where are sediments deposited in the formation of sedimentary basins? A. In ocean trenches B. In topographic lows C. In mountain ranges D. In topographic highs Answer: In topographic lows (B) Sediments are deposited in topographic lows, which are areas of relatively lower elevation. 3. Which type of basin is created by extension perpendicular to its orientation? A. Strike-slip basin B. Foreland basin C. Rift basin D. Transform basin Answer: Strike-slip basin (A) A strike-slip basin is created by extensional step in the transform fault, resulting in space for sediment deposition. 4. Which type of sedimentary rock forms in shallow, warm waters where invertebrate animals live and absorb calcium carbonate to form their skeletons? A. Sandstone B. Coal C. Shale D. Limestone Answer: Limestone (D) Limestones form in shallow, warm waters where invertebrate animals (e.g. shells, crinoids, byrozoans) live. They absorb calcium carbonate from the water to form their skeletons. When they die, their skeletal calcareous debris is lithified to form limestones. 5. What is the main source of oil and gas in sedimentary rocks? A. Organic-rich shales B. Limestones C. Fine-grained clastics D. Sandstones Answer: Organic-rich shales (A) Fine-grained clastics are deposited in quiet water settings such as floodplains, lagoons, mudflats, deltas, and deep-water basins. Organic-rich shales are the source of oil and gas. 6. Which type of sedimentary rock is composed of spherical grains of calcium carbonate precipitated around a nucleus in shallow tropical seas? A. Sandstone B. Coal C. Limestone D. Shale Answer: Coal (B) Ooidal limestones are composed of spherical grains of calcium carbonate precipitated around a nucleus in shallow tropical seas. 7. What is the process by which sediments are transformed into solid rocks? A. Erosion B. Deposition C. Weathering D. Lithification Answer: Lithification (D) Lithification is the process by which sediments are transformed into solid rocks. 8. Which of the following is NOT an example of a sedimentary basin mentioned in the text? A. Foreland Basin B. Rift Basin C. Oceanic basin D. Strike-slip basin Answer: Oceanic basin (C) The text mentions examples of sedimentary basins such as Foreland Basin, Rift Basin, and Strike-slip basin. However, it does not mention Oceanic basin as an example. 9. Which type of basin is created by a step in a transform fault? A. Foreland Basin B. Strike-slip basin C. Rift Basin D. Oceanic basin Answer: Strike-slip basin (B) The text mentions that a strike-slip basin is created by a step in a transform fault, such as the Loch Neagh basin mentioned in the text. 10. Where does sediment supply for rift basins come from? A. Adjacent basement highs B. Erosion of mountains C. Divergent plate boundary D. Extension perpendicular to basin orientation Answer: Adjacent basement highs (A) The text mentions that sediment supply for rift basins comes from the adjacent basement highs. 11. Which type of sedimentary rock forms in quiet water settings such as floodplains, lagoons, mudflats, deltas, and deep-water basins? A. Biochemical sedimentary rock B. Clastic sedimentary rock C. Organic sedimentary rock D. Chemical sedimentary rock Answer: Clastic sedimentary rock (B) Fine-grained clastics are deposited in quiet water settings and organic-rich shales are the source of oil and gas. 12. What is the main process by which sediments are transformed into solid rocks? A. Diagenesis B. Erosion C. Metamorphism D. Weathering Answer: Diagenesis (A) Diagenesis is the process by which sediments are compacted and cemented to form solid rocks. 13. Which type of sedimentary rock forms in shallow, warm waters where invertebrate animals (e.g. shells, crinoids, byrozoans) live? A. Chemical sedimentary rock B. Organic sedimentary rock C. Biochemical sedimentary rock D. Clastic sedimentary rock Answer: Biochemical sedimentary rock (C) Limestones form in shallow, warm waters where invertebrate animals live and absorb calcium carbonate to form their skeletons. 14. Which type of sedimentary rock is formed through the precipitation of calcium carbonate around a nucleus in shallow tropical seas? A. Clastic sedimentary rock B. Chemical sedimentary rock C. Organic sedimentary rock D. Biochemical sedimentary rock Answer: Chemical sedimentary rock (B) Ooidal limestones are formed through the precipitation of calcium carbonate around a nucleus in shallow tropical seas. 15. Which type of basin is created by a step in a transform fault? A. Syn-rift Basin B. Foreland Basin C. Rift Basin D. Strike-slip Basin Answer: Strike-slip Basin (D) A strike-slip basin is created by a step in a transform fault, such as the Loch Neagh basin mentioned in the text. 16. Which type of basin is created by extension perpendicular to its orientation? A. Strike-slip Basin B. Syn-rift Basin C. Rift Basin D. Foreland Basin Answer: Syn-rift Basin (B) A syn-rift basin is created by extension perpendicular to its orientation, such as the Central Irish Sea Basin mentioned in the text. 17. What is the main process by which sediments are transformed into solid rocks? A. Weathering B. Erosion C. Deposition D. Lithification Answer: Lithification (D) Lithification is the main process by which sediments are transformed into solid rocks, as mentioned in the text. 18. Which of the following is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock mentioned in the text? A. Shale B. Sandstone C. Limestone D. Conglomerate Answer: Limestone (C) Limestones form in shallow, warm waters where invertebrate animals (e.g. shells, crinoids, byrozoans) live. They absorb calcium carbonate from the water to form their skeletons. When they die their skeletal calcareous debris is lithified to form limestones. 19. What is the main process responsible for the formation of biochemical sedimentary rocks? A. Weathering B. Precipitation C. Erosion D. Evaporation Answer: Precipitation (B) Biochemical sedimentary rocks, such as limestone, are formed through the precipitation of calcium carbonate around a nucleus in shallow tropical seas. 20. What type of sedimentary rock is formed from the lithification of organic matter? A. Conglomerate B. Sandstone C. Shale D. Limestone Answer: Shale (C) Organic sedimentary rocks, such as shale, are formed from the accumulation and lithification of organic matter, such as plant remains. 21. Which of the following is NOT a classification of clastic sedimentary rocks based on grain size and angularity? A. Immature sandstone B. Breccia C. Conglomerate D. Mature sandstone Answer: Conglomerate (C) Clastic sedimentary rocks can be classified based on grain size and angularity. Mature sandstone, immature sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia are all examples of such classifications.